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Advances in Medical Sciences Jun 2024The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to suffer from periodontal disease. Therefore, our systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease?".
MATERIALS/METHODS
Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in this systematic review using the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines).
RESULTS
Based on the meta-analysis, patients with thyroid diseases (especially with hypothyroidism) demonstrated significantly worse periodontal status than systemically healthy controls. Moreover, according to the cross-sectional studies, 5.74% of periodontitis patients reported the concomitance of thyroid diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, the included studies suggest a potential relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease. However, further research is necessary to reliably assess the oral health in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
PubMed: 38908794
DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.06.003 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024Self-performed oral hygiene is essential for preventing dental caries, periodontal, and peri-implant diseases. Oral irrigators are adjunctive oral home care aids that... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Self-performed oral hygiene is essential for preventing dental caries, periodontal, and peri-implant diseases. Oral irrigators are adjunctive oral home care aids that may benefit oral health. However, the effects of oral irrigation on oral health, its role in oral home care, and its mechanism of action are not fully understood. A comprehensive search of the literature revealed no existing broad scoping reviews on oral irrigators. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on oral irrigation devices and identify evidence gaps.
METHODS
The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were utilized to prepare the review. Four databases and eight gray literature sources were searched for English publications across any geographical location or setting.
RESULTS
Two hundred and seventy-five sources were included, predominantly from scientific journals and academic settings. Most studies originated from North America. Research primarily involved adults, with limited studies in children and adolescents. Oral irrigation was safe and well-accepted when used appropriately. It reduced periodontal inflammation, potentially by modulating the oral microbiota, but further research needs to clarify its mechanism of action. Promising results were reported in populations with dental implants and special needs. Patient acceptance appeared high, but standardized patient-reported outcome measures were rarely used. Anti-inflammatory benefits occurred consistently across populations and irrigant solutions. Plaque reduction findings were mixed, potentially reflecting differences in study designs and devices.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral irrigators reduce periodontal inflammation, but their impact on plaque removal remains unclear. Well-designed, sufficiently powered trials of appropriate duration need to assess the clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory responses of the periodontium to oral irrigation, particularly those with periodontitis, dental implants, and special needs. Patient-reported outcome measures, costs, caries prevention, and environmental impact of oral irrigation need to be compared to other oral hygiene aids.
Topics: Humans; Therapeutic Irrigation; Oral Hygiene; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38881230
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.912 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria...
OBJECTIVES
The use of probiotics could promote the balance of the subgingival microbiota to contribute to periodontal health. This study aimed to identify the potential of bacteria commonly associated with healthy periodontal tissues as probiotic candidates.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Ovid databases as well as the combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH terms. Based on the selection criteria, original studies published in English and identifying the microorganisms present in the periodontium of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis using the high-throughput 16S ribosomal gene sequencing technique were included.
RESULTS
Out of 659 articles, 12 met the criteria for this review. These articles were published from 2012 to 2020 and mainly originated from the United States, China, and Spain. Most of these studies reported adequate criteria for selecting participants, using standardized clinical criteria, and compliance with quality based on the tools used. In periodontal healthy tissue were identified species like Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, and Prevotella nigrescens which have recognized strains with a capacity to inhibit periodontopathogens.
CONCLUSIONS
S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. gordonii are among the bacterial species proposed as potential probiotics because some strains can inhibit periodontopathogens and have been reported as safe for humans.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Bacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38877601
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01908-2 -
Clinics and Practice May 2024The relevance of assessing the gingival phenotype prior to the initiation of periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthetic therapy has been clearly demonstrated. However,... (Review)
Review
The relevance of assessing the gingival phenotype prior to the initiation of periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthetic therapy has been clearly demonstrated. However, publications on this subject are either old or concerned with the means of assessing the gingival phenotype or the main factors likely to modify it. The main objective of this systematic review of the literature was therefore to investigate the prevalence of different gingival phenotypes in adults in good general health and with a healthy periodontium. A systematic review of the literature was performed following the guidelines of PRISMA recommendations using an electronic search strategy on four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase) complemented by a manual search. Three independent authors were involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. Results: Of 807 articles, 17 of them, published between 2012 and 2023, involving 3277 subjects from 11 countries and 9766 dental sites, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of the gingival phenotype could not be determined at the level of an individual or a dental arch because all the publications assessed this phenotype only at the level of certain dental sectors, and were not chosen at random. The maxillary central incisors and maxillary or mandibular first molar sectors were associated with a high and thick gingival phenotype, independently of the dental morphology, gender, and age of adult subjects. Furthermore, in these regions, this gingival phenotype tended to be associated with a thick vestibular bone table. In contrast, maxillary and mandibular incisors and premolars more often had a thin gingival phenotype. For other teeth, the results were less conclusive. It is important not to rely solely on the overall appearance of the dentition but to independently assess the thickness and height of the gingiva at each dental site requiring intervention. Finally, this study highlights a key point, namely the need for further longitudinal studies to determine the prevalence in healthy adults. For practicality and feasibility reasons, these studies should be designed according to therapeutic needs, dental sector by dental sector, and within homogeneous source populations. PROSPERO registration: CRD 42023392602.
PubMed: 38804396
DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030064 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: "Does alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, improve or impair alveolar socket...
The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: "Does alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, improve or impair alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in animal models"? To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, as well as in the gray literature up to May 2023. Preclinical studies that evaluated alveolar healing after tooth extraction and the intake of sodium alendronate compared with placebo were included. Two investigators were responsible for screening the articles independently, extracting the data, and assessing their quality through the SYRCLE's RoB tool for randomized trials in animal studies. The study selection process, study characteristics, risk of bias in studies, impact of alendronate on bone healing, and certainty of evidence were described in text and table formats. Methodological differences among the studies were restricted to the synthesis methods. The synthesis of qualitative results followed the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. From the 19 included studies, five were considered to have low risk, three were of unclear risk, and eleven presented a high risk of bias. The studies were considered heterogeneous regarding alendronate posology, including its dosage and route of administration. Furthermore, a variety of animal species, different age ranges, diverse teeth extracted, and exposure or not to ovariectomy contributed to the lack of parity of the selected studies. Our results indicated that alendronate monotherapy negatively affects the early phase of wound healing after tooth extraction in preclinical studies, suggesting that the bone resorption process after tooth extraction in animals treated with alendronate might impair the bone healing process of the extraction socket. In conclusion, alendronate administration restrains bone resorption, thereby delaying alveolar socket healing . Future studies should be conducted to validate these findings and to better understand the effects of alendronate therapy on oral tissues.
Topics: Alendronate; Tooth Extraction; Animals; Wound Healing; Tooth Socket; Bone Density Conservation Agents
PubMed: 38747825
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0038 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2024Third molar extraction is the most common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Third molars are considered less functional than other teeth and are often... (Review)
Review
Third molar extraction is the most common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Third molars are considered less functional than other teeth and are often extracted. Sometimes, they are also used for auto-transplantation for the benefit of oral rehabilitation. Since many biological factors are involved in this surgical approach, herein, we outline a review of the biological characteristics of medico-legal/forensic interest, in addition to presenting a successful clinical case. A scoping review of currently available research data (following the principles of PRISMA-ScR or the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) on third molar auto-transplantation was conducted by drawing upon the main databases (Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and LILACS) to evaluate biological and clinical characteristics possibly relatable to forensic issues. All the collected data were summarized and elaborated on for the purpose of this article. A patient underwent extraction of the right upper first molar and auto-transplantation of the unerupted ipsilateral third molar. Many biologic and clinical factors are involved in the success of this clinical procedure. Knowledge of third molar anatomy, of its development and viable surgical approaches are all essential elements; just as important are the treatment of the tooth before and after transplantation and the integrity of the periodontal ligament. Follow-up of the clinical case for 5 years made it possible to verify the stability of the procedure over time. Third molar auto-transplantation is feasible and cost-effective. However, the use of third molars as donor teeth in auto-transplantation may have medico-legal implications. The lack of official protocols and consistent evidence-based guidelines for operators still prevent such a procedure from becoming mainstream; therefore, it is viewed with suspicion by clinicians and patients, even though the biological factors herein detected point to a reasonably high degree of safety. The understanding of many specific biological and clinical factors involved in the stability of third molar auto-transplantation allows for a thorough understanding of the forensic implications relevant to clinical practice. Effective communication and information provision are therefore of utmost importance, in the interest of both patients and doctors.
Topics: Humans; Tooth, Impacted; Molar, Third; Tooth Extraction; Biological Factors
PubMed: 38541199
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030473 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research May 2024Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P),... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Pigs are emerging as a preferred experimental in vivo model for bone regeneration. The study objective was to answer the focused PEO question: in the pig model (P), what is the capacity of experimental alveolar bone defects (E) for spontaneous regeneration in terms of new bone formation (O)?
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting experimental bone defects or extraction socket healing in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. The main inclusion criteria were the presence of a control group of untreated defects/sockets and the assessment of regeneration via 3D tomography [radiographic defect fill (RDF)] or 2D histomorphometry [new bone formation (NBF)]. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes RDF and NBF.
RESULTS
Overall, 45 studies were included reporting on alveolar bone defects or extraction sockets, most frequently in the mandibles of minipigs. Based on morphology, defects were broadly classified as 'box-defects' (BD) or 'cylinder-defects' (CD) with a wide range of healing times (10 days to 52 weeks). Meta-analyses revealed pooled estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) of 50% RDF (36.87%-63.15%) and 43.74% NBF (30.47%-57%) in BD, and 44% RDF (16.48%-71.61%) and 39.67% NBF (31.53%-47.81%) in CD, which were similar to estimates of socket-healing [48.74% RDF (40.35%-57.13%) and 38.73% NBF (28.57%-48.89%)]. Heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was high (I > 90%).
CONCLUSION
A substantial body of literature revealed a high capacity for spontaneous regeneration in experimental alveolar bone defects of (mini)pigs, which should be considered in future studies of bone regeneration in this animal model.
Topics: Animals; Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone Regeneration; Disease Models, Animal; Swine; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing
PubMed: 38450852
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14253 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2024To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review is based on the PRISMA statement. A literature search incorporated observational studies from the last 21 years. An investigative question was formulated using the PICO model, studies were selected, and a quality analysis was performed using the modified STROBE guidelines. A bibliometric analysis was performed, and the data were examined.
RESULTS
Thirteen articles were included, with the majority evaluating periodontal status. Others analyzed factors such as the presence of alveolar osteitis, oral candidiasis, and salivary microbiome dysbiosis. Ten articles were deemed to have a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction and increase the presence of the Candida species in the oral cavity. They also affect the periodontium, such as the frequent development of gingivitis, but do not lead to changes in the salivary microbiome.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The increasing number of women using hormonal contraceptives and the knowledge that these contraceptives can produce oral cavity alterations underscore the need to evaluate the oral manifestations found in these women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dry Socket; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Periodontium; Gingivitis; Contraception
PubMed: 38427087
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05573-x -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Mar 2024Oral Lichen Planus is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. The prevalence in adults ranges between 0.5% and 2%, while in children is reported to...
BACKGROUND
Oral Lichen Planus is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. The prevalence in adults ranges between 0.5% and 2%, while in children is reported to be about 0,03%. Clinical features of Oral Lichen Planus could be variable in both adults and children, ranging from painless white hyperkeratotic lesions to painful erythematous atrophic ones. Actually, there are no systematic reviews in the literature on OLP in children, whereby this paper aims to summarize all the pathophysiological aspects and identify all cases described in the literature of Oral Lichen Planus in children, reporting their clinical characteristics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASE. In addition, in order to identify reports not otherwise identifiable, an analysis of the gray literature was performed on google scholar and in Open Gray.
RESULTS
By literature analysis, it emerged that most cases were reported from India. The mean age at time of diagnosis of the disease was 11 years, ranging from 3 to 17 years. The most frequent pattern was the reticular pattern followed by plaque-like, erosive, atrophic, sclerosus, and bullous. The buccal mucosa was the most involved oral site, followed by the tongue, lips and gingiva.
CONCLUSIONS
Although Oral Lichen Planus in children is rare, it may cause oral discomfort and need to be differentiated from other oral white lesions and/or chronic ulcers.
Topics: Child; Humans; Atrophy; Databases, Factual; Gingiva; India; Lichen Planus, Oral; Child, Preschool; Adolescent
PubMed: 38288854
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25938 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2024This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of combining the amniotic membrane (AM) with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) in the treatment of Miller class I... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of combining the amniotic membrane (AM) with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) in the treatment of Miller class I and II gingival recession (GR).
METHODS
The protocol of this updated PRISMA-compliant systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023431501). The following treatment outcomes were recorded; recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and clinical attachment level (CAL). We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Science Direct.
RESULTS
Two independent reviewers screened the selected articles. Twenty-two eligible articles were extracted, with 689 sites of GR in 481 patients. No statistically significant difference was found in RD, RW, WKG, and CAL between (AM&CAF) in comparison to control groups. However, the subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in RD between the (AM & CAF) group v/s (CAF) alone (P = 0.004). Moreover, the subgroup analysis of the WKG showed statistically significant differences between (AM & CAF) v/s (CAF&CM) (p = 0.04). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis of CAL between both (AM & CAF) group v/s (CAF) alone (p = 0.0009).
CONCLUSION
With the limitations of this meta-analysis due to short follow-up periods (6 months), the AM can be considered a viable treatment option for GR defects with satisfactory treatment outcomes comparable to other previously investigated treatment modalities.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
While AM showed various beneficial properties as an ideal membrane for the coverage of GR, future studies are required to completely understand the potential application of AM in the treatment of GR.
Topics: Humans; Gingival Recession; Gingiva; Amnion; Tooth Root; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38273332
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03825-y