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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases May 2023Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive lung disease caused by variants in the SLC34A2 gene encoding the sodium-dependent phosphate... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive lung disease caused by variants in the SLC34A2 gene encoding the sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B, NaPi-2b. PAM is characterized by deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the alveoli. Onset and clinical course vary considerably; some patients remain asymptomatic while others develop severe respiratory failure with a significant symptom burden and compromised survival. It is likely that PAM is under-reported due to lack of recognition, misdiagnosis, and mild clinical presentation. Most patients are genetically uncharacterized as the diagnostic confirmation of PAM has traditionally not included a genetic analysis. Genetic testing may in the future be the preferred tool for diagnostics instead of invasive methods. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the growing knowledge of PAM genetics. Rare variants in SLC34A2 are found in almost all genetically tested patients. So far, 34 allelic variants have been identified in at least 68 patients. A majority of these are present in the homozygous state; however, a few are found in the compound heterozygous form. Most of the allelic variants involve only a single nucleotide. Half of the variants are either nonsense or frameshifts, resulting in premature termination of the protein or decay of the mRNA. There is currently no cure for PAM, and the only effective treatment is lung transplantation. Management is mainly symptomatic, but an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology will hopefully result in development of targeted treatment options. More standardized data on PAM patients, including a genetic diagnosis covering larger international populations, would support the design and implementation of clinical studies to the benefit of patients. Further genetic characterization and understanding of how the molecular changes influence disease phenotype will hopefully allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the future.
Topics: Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung; Calcinosis; Frameshift Mutation; Pulmonary Alveoli; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb
PubMed: 37259144
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02712-7 -
Renal Failure Dec 2023The safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in elderly patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still controversial. This study aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Comparative safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in elderly patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still controversial. This study aimed to analyze the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DKD. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Data including patient characteristics and interesting outcomes were extracted, and the dichotomous data and continuous variables were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs, respectively. A total of 14 RCTs with 59874 participants were finally included. There were 38,252 males (63.9%) and 21,622 females (36.1%). The patients' mean age was > 64.6 years. SGLT2 inhibitors could delay the further decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) when eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m (MD: 2.36; 95%CI [1.15-3.57]). SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m (RR: 0.86; 95%CI [0.67-1.11]) may have a relatively increased risk of acute kidney injury compared to eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m. SGLT2 inhibitors increased the incidence of genital mycotic infections (RR: 3.47; 95%CI [2.97-4.04]) and diabetic ketoacidosis (RR: 2.25; 95%CI [1.57-3.24]). Except for genital mycotic infections and diabetic ketoacidosis, other adverse reactions were few, indicating that SGLT2 inhibitors are relatively safe for elderly patients with T2DM and DKD. Safety and renoprotection may be diminished when SGLT2 inhibitors are used in elderly patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Middle Aged; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Symporters; Glucose; Sodium; Hypoglycemic Agents
PubMed: 37246403
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2217287 -
Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Jul 2023Aquaporin-4 antibody positive (AQP4+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are rare... (Review)
Review
A systematic literature review to examine the considerations around pregnancy in women of child-bearing age with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) or aquaporin 4 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+ NMOSD).
BACKGROUND
Aquaporin-4 antibody positive (AQP4+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are rare autoimmune diseases with overlapping phenotypes. Understanding their clinical manifestation prior to, during and after pregnancy may influence the management of women of child-bearing age (WOCBA) with these diseases.
METHODS
This systematic review identified relevant MEDLINE-indexed publications dated between 01 January 2011 and 01 November 2021, and congress materials from key conferences between 01 January 2019 and 01 November 2021. These were manually assessed for relevance to AQP4+ NMOSD and/or MOGAD in WOCBA, with selected data extracted and considered.
RESULTS
In total, 107 articles were retrieved and reviewed for relevancy, including 65 clinical studies. Limited evidence was found regarding a conclusive impact of either disease on female fertility, sexual function or menarche, and impact on maternal outcomes requires further investigation in both conditions to establish risk for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and other complications relative to the general population. Collated data for pregnancy outcomes show clear risks in AQP4+ NMOSD to healthy delivery and a rise in annualised relapse rate postpartum that may require adaptation of treatment regimens. Disease activity appears to be attenuated during pregnancy in MOGAD patients with an increased risk of relapse during the postpartum months, but strong conclusions cannot be made due to a paucity of available data.
CONCLUSIONS
This review brings together the literature on AQP4+ NMOSD and MOGAD in WOCBA. The potential impact of pregnancy and the postpartum period on disease activity suggest a proactive management strategy early on may improve maternal and infant outcomes, but more clinical data are needed, particularly for MOGAD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Aquaporin 4; Neuromyelitis Optica; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases
PubMed: 37224631
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104760 -
Biomolecules Mar 2023Translocator protein (TSPO) is a neuroinflammation hallmark. Different TSPO affinity compounds have been produced and over time, the techniques of radiolabeling have...
BACKGROUND
Translocator protein (TSPO) is a neuroinflammation hallmark. Different TSPO affinity compounds have been produced and over time, the techniques of radiolabeling have been refined. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the development of new radiotracers for dementia and neuroinflammation imaging.
METHODS
An online search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, selecting published studies from January 2004 to December 2022. The accepted studies considered the synthesis of TSPO tracers for nuclear medicine imaging in dementia and neuroinflammation.
RESULTS
A total of 50 articles was identified. Twelve papers were selected from the included studies' bibliographies and 34 were excluded. Thus, 28 articles were ultimately selected for quality assessment.
CONCLUSION
Huge efforts in developing specific and stable tracers for PET/SPECT imaging have been made. The long half-life of F makes this isotope a preferable choice to C. An emerging limitation to this however is that neuroinflammation involves all of the brain which inhibits the possibility of detecting a slight inflammation status change in patients. A partial solution to this is using the cerebellum as a reference region and developing higher TSPO affinity tracers. Moreover, it is necessary to consider the presence of distomers and racemic compounds interfering with pharmacological tracers' effects and increasing the noise ratio in images.
Topics: Humans; Dementia; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Nuclear Medicine; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Receptors, GABA-A; Radiopharmaceuticals; Cerebellum; Animals; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 37189346
DOI: 10.3390/biom13040598 -
The Journal of International Medical... Apr 2023This meta-analysis aimed to update knowledge about the association between the variant rs4973768 and breast cancer incidence. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed to update knowledge about the association between the variant rs4973768 and breast cancer incidence.
METHODS
Studies were identified from relevant digital databases. Fixed- or random-effects models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical Q and I tests and sensitivity analyses were used to detect interstudy heterogeneity and test the statistical stability of overall estimates, respectively. Egger's tests were applied to detect publication bias among included studies. In silico analysis was used to ascertain increased expression of mRNA in rs4973768 with the mutant allele. Trial sequential analysis was used to calculate the study's sample size.
RESULTS
The overall odds ratios reflected a positive correlation between the rs4973768 polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer in five genetic comparisons of alleles T and C, and tests revealed significant heterogeneity in the allele comparison. After stratification by ethnicity, heterogeneity in Asian and White populations substantially decreased (Ph = 0.984, I = 0%) and remained stable (Ph = 0.083, I = 46.3%), respectively. The mutant allele was associated with increased expression of mRNA in rs4973768. The cumulative z curve indicated that our conclusions were robust.
CONCLUSIONS
Our updated consequence shows that the rs4973768 polymorphism is associated with increased breast cancer risk.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk; Alleles; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Case-Control Studies; Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters
PubMed: 37128157
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231166517 -
Molecular Psychiatry Jul 2023Impairment of insulin action and metabolic dysregulation have traditionally been associated with schizophrenia, although the molecular basis of such association remains... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Impairment of insulin action and metabolic dysregulation have traditionally been associated with schizophrenia, although the molecular basis of such association remains still elusive. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of insulin action manipulations (i.e., hyperinsulinemia, hypoinsulinemia, systemic or brain insulin resistance) on glutamatergic, dopaminergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotonergic pathways in the central nervous system. More than one hundred outcomes, including transcript or protein levels, kinetic parameters, and other components of the neurotransmitter pathways, were collected from cultured cells, animals, or humans, and meta-analyzed by applying a random-effects model and adopting Hedges'g to compare means. Two hundred fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 180 entered the quantitative synthesis. Significant impairments in key regulators of synaptic plasticity processes were detected as the result of insulin handlings. Specifically, protein levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits including type 2A (NR2A) (Hedges' g = -0.95, 95%C.I. = -1.50, -0.39; p = 0.001; I = 47.46%) and 2B (NR2B) (Hedges'g = -0.69, 95%C.I. = -1.35, -0.02; p = 0.043; I = 62.09%), and Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) (Hedges'g = -0.91, 95%C.I. = -1.51, -0.32; p = 0.003; I = 77.81%) were found reduced in insulin-resistant animal models. Moreover, insulin-resistant animals showed significantly impaired dopamine transporter activity, whereas the dopamine D2 receptor mRNA expression (Hedges'g = 3.259; 95%C.I. = 0.497, 6.020; p = 0.021; I = 90.61%) increased under insulin deficiency conditions. Insulin action modulated glutamate and GABA release, as well as several enzymes involved in GABA and serotonin synthesis. These results suggest that brain neurotransmitter systems are susceptible to insulin signaling abnormalities, resembling the discrete psychotic disorders' neurobiology and possibly contributing to the development of neurobiological hallmarks of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Schizophrenia; Insulin; Neurobiology; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents
PubMed: 37085712
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02065-4 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023N-type voltage-gated calcium channel controls the release of neurotransmitters from neurons. The association of other voltage-gated calcium channels with epilepsy is... (Review)
Review
N-type voltage-gated calcium channel controls the release of neurotransmitters from neurons. The association of other voltage-gated calcium channels with epilepsy is well-known. The association of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and pain has also been established. However, the relationship between this type of calcium channel and epilepsy has not been specifically reviewed. Therefore, the present review systematically summarizes existing publications regarding the genetic associations between N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel and epilepsy.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Epilepsy; Epileptic Syndromes; Neurons
PubMed: 37047073
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076100 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2023Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited progressive life-limiting disease characterised by the build-up of abnormally thick, sticky mucus affecting mostly the lungs,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited progressive life-limiting disease characterised by the build-up of abnormally thick, sticky mucus affecting mostly the lungs, pancreas, and digestive system. Airway clearance techniques (ACTs), traditionally referred to as chest physiotherapy, are recommended as part of a complex treatment programme for people with CF. The aim of an ACTs is to enhance mucociliary clearance and remove viscous secretions from the airways within the lung to prevent distal airway obstruction. This reduces the infective burden and associated inflammatory effects on the airway epithelia. There are a number of recognised ACTs, none of which have shown superiority in improving short-term outcomes related to mucus transport. This systematic review, which has been updated regularly since it was first published in 2000, considers the efficacy of ACTs compared to not performing any ACT in adults and children with CF. It is important to continue to review this evidence, particularly the long-term outcomes, given the recent introduction of highly effective modulator therapies and the improved health outcomes and potential changes to CF management associated with these drugs.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness and acceptability of airway clearance techniques compared to no airway clearance techniques or cough alone in people with cystic fibrosis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register, which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings, to 17 October 2022. We searched ongoing trials registers (Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) to 7 November 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised or quasi-randomised studies that compared airway clearance techniques (chest physiotherapy) with no airway clearance techniques or spontaneous cough alone in people with CF.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. We used GRADE methodology to assess the certainty of the evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 11 cross-over studies (153 participants) and one parallel study (41 participants). There were differences between studies in how the interventions were delivered, with several intervention groups combining more than one ACT. One study used autogenic drainage; five used conventional chest physiotherapy; nine used positive expiratory pressure (PEP), with one study varying the water pressure between arms; three studies used oscillating PEP; two used exercise; and two used high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO). Of the 12 included studies, 10 were single-treatment studies, and two delivered the intervention over two consecutive days (once daily in one study, twice daily in the second). This substantial heterogeneity in the treatment interventions precluded pooling of data for meta-analysis. Blinding of participants, caregivers, and clinicians is impossible in airway clearance studies; we therefore judged all studies at unclear risk of performance bias. Lack of information in eight studies made assessment of risk of bias unclear for most other domains. We rated the certainty of evidence as low or very low due to the short-term cross-over trial design, small numbers of participants, and uncertain risk of bias across most or all domains. Six studies (84 participants) reported no effect on pulmonary function variables following intervention; but one study (14 participants) reported an improvement in pulmonary function following the intervention in some of the treatment groups. Two studies reported lung clearance index: one (41 participants) found a variable response to treatment with HFCWO, whilst another (15 participants) found no effect on lung clearance index with PEP therapy (low-certainty evidence). Five studies (55 participants) reported that ACTs, including coughing, increased radioactive tracer clearance compared to control, while a further study (eight participants) reported no improvement in radioactive tracer clearance when comparing PEP to control, although coughing was discouraged during the PEP intervention. We rated the certainty of evidence on the effect of ACTs on radioactive tracer clearance as very low. Four studies (46 participants) investigated the weight of mucus cleared from the lungs and reported greater secretions during chest physiotherapy compared to a control. One study (18 participants) reported no differences in sputum weight (very low-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence from this review shows that ACTs may have short-term effects on increasing mucus transport in people with CF. All included studies had short-term follow-up; consequently, we were unable to draw any conclusions on the long-term effects of ACTs compared to no ACTs in people with CF. The evidence in this review represents the use of airway clearance techniques in a CF population before widespread use of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of airway clearance in those treated with highly effective CFTR modulators.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Cough; Radioactive Tracers; Forced Expiratory Volume
PubMed: 37042825
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001401.pub4 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2023Neonates are an extremely vulnerable patient population, with 6% to 9% admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) following birth. Neonates admitted to the NICU... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neonates are an extremely vulnerable patient population, with 6% to 9% admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) following birth. Neonates admitted to the NICU will undergo multiple painful procedures per day throughout their stay. There is increasing evidence that frequent and repetitive exposure to painful stimuli is associated with poorer outcomes later in life. To date, a wide variety of pain control mechanisms have been developed and implemented to address procedural pain in neonates. This review focused on non-opioid analgesics, specifically non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, which alleviate pain through inhibiting cellular pathways to achieve analgesia. The analgesics considered in this review show potential for pain relief in clinical practice; however, an evidence summation compiling the individual drugs they comprise and outlining the benefits and harms of their administration is lacking. We therefore sought to summarize the evidence on the level of pain experienced by neonates both during and following procedures; relevant drug-related adverse events, namely episodes of apnea, desaturation, bradycardia, and hypotension; and the effects of combinations of drugs. As the field of neonatal procedural pain management is constantly evolving, this review aimed to ascertain the scope of non-opioid analgesics for neonatal procedural pain to provide an overview of the options available to better inform evidence-based clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of non-opioid analgesics in neonates (term or preterm) exposed to procedural pain compared to placebo or no drug, non-pharmacological intervention, other analgesics, or different routes of administration.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, and two trial registries in June 2022. We screened the reference lists of included studies for studies not identified by the database searches.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and cluster-RCTs in neonates (term or preterm) undergoing painful procedures comparing NSAIDs and NMDA receptor antagonists to placebo or no drug, non-pharmacological intervention, other analgesics, or different routes of administration. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our main outcomes were pain assessed during the procedure and up to 10 minutes after the procedure with a validated scale; episodes of bradycardia; episodes of apnea; and hypotension requiring medical therapy.
MAIN RESULTS
We included two RCTs involving a total of 269 neonates conducted in Nigeria and India. NMDA receptor antagonists versus no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non-pharmacological intervention One RCT evaluated using oral ketamine (10 mg/kg body weight) versus sugar syrup (66.7% w/w at 1 mL/kg body weight) for neonatal circumcision. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of ketamine on pain score during the procedure, assessed with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), compared with placebo (mean difference (MD) -0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.32 to -0.58; 1 RCT; 145 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No other outcomes of interest were reported on. Head-to-head comparison of different analgesics One RCT evaluated using intravenous fentanyl versus intravenous ketamine during laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity. Neonates receiving ketamine followed an initial regimen (0.5 mg/kg bolus 1 minute before procedure) or a revised regimen (additional intermittent bolus doses of 0.5 mg/kg every 10 minutes up to a maximum of 2 mg/kg), while those receiving fentanyl followed either an initial regimen (2 μg/kg over 5 minutes, 15 minutes before the procedure, followed by 1 μg/kg/hour as a continuous infusion) or a revised regimen (titration of 0.5 μg/kg/hour every 15 minutes to a maximum of 3 μg/kg/hour). The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of ketamine compared with fentanyl on pain score assessed with the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) scores during the procedure (MD 0.98, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.20; 1 RCT; 124 participants; very low-certainty evidence); on episodes of apnea occurring during the procedure (risk ratio (RR) 0.31, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.18; risk difference (RD) -0.09, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.00; 1 study; 124 infants; very low-certainty evidence); and on hypotension requiring medical therapy occurring during the procedure (RR 5.53, 95% CI 0.27 to 112.30; RD 0.03, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.10; 1 study; 124 infants; very low-certainty evidence). The included study did not report pain score assessed up to 10 minutes after the procedure or episodes of bradycardia occurring during the procedure. We did not identify any studies comparing NSAIDs versus no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non-pharmacological intervention or different routes of administration of the same analgesics. We identified three studies awaiting classification. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The two small included studies comparing ketamine versus either placebo or fentanyl, with very low-certainty evidence, rendered us unable to draw meaningful conclusions. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of ketamine on pain score during the procedure compared with placebo or fentanyl. We found no evidence on NSAIDs or studies comparing different routes of administration. Future research should prioritize large studies evaluating non-opioid analgesics in this population. As the studies included in this review suggest potential positive effects of ketamine administration, studies evaluating ketamine are of interest. Furthermore, as we identified no studies on NSAIDs, which are widely used in older infants, or comparing different routes of administration, such studies should be a priority going forward.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apnea; Body Weight; Bradycardia; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Pain; Pain, Procedural; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
PubMed: 37014033
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015179.pub2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Energy production by cancer is driven by accelerated glycolysis, independently of oxygen levels, which results in increased lactate production. Lactate is shuttled to... (Review)
Review
Energy production by cancer is driven by accelerated glycolysis, independently of oxygen levels, which results in increased lactate production. Lactate is shuttled to and from cancer cells via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). MCT1 works both as an importer and an extruder of lactate, being widely studied in recent years and generally associated with a cancer aggressiveness phenotype. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prognostic value of MCT1 immunoexpression in different malignancies. Study collection was performed by searching nine different databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OVID, TRIP and PsycINFO), using the keywords "cancer", "Monocarboxylate transporter 1", "SLC16A1" and "prognosis". Results showed that MCT1 is an indicator of poor prognosis and decreased survival for cancer patients in sixteen types of malignancies; associations between the transporter's overexpression and larger tumour sizes, higher disease stage/grade and metastasis occurrence were also frequently observed. Yet, MCT1 overexpression correlated with better outcomes in colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer patients. These results support the applicability of MCT1 as a biomarker of prognosis, although larger cohorts would be necessary to validate the overall role of MCT1 as an outcome predictor.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lactic Acid; Lung Neoplasms; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Symporters
PubMed: 36982217
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065141