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Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2022Accumulated experimental evidence suggests that resveratrol (RSV) may have an effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) by inhibiting inflammation. However, the credibility of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Accumulated experimental evidence suggests that resveratrol (RSV) may have an effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) by inhibiting inflammation. However, the credibility of the evidence for this practice is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effect of RSV on AKI and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from 2005 to April 2022 for controlled animal trials assessing the effect of conventional resveratrol versus placebo on renal function outcome after AKI. This study was registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42022329596.
RESULTS
We retrieved 455 studies, 25 studies comprising data of 436 animals that met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis suggested that RSV treatment was significantly associated with lower levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The greatest effects were recorded in low-dose (<20 mg/kg/day) groups rather than in high-dose (> 20 mg/kg/day) groups. For time-response effects, subgroup analysis indicated that intervention duration of RSV can influence the treatment effect, and more beneficial effects were observed when studies had a drug administration time of <2 weeks.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review of animal AKI studies showed a consistently favourable effect of RSV as compared to placebo on renal function outcomes that increased with lower TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. RSV has a more beneficial effect on SA-AKI animal models than the others. When the RSV intervention dose was low (< 20 mg/kg/day) and the intervention time was <2 weeks, more benefits could be observed.
Topics: Animals; Creatinine; Resveratrol; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Kidney
PubMed: 36269038
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2132264 -
Nutrients Sep 2022Fructose-containing sugars as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) may increase inflammatory biomarkers. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix at different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Fructose-containing sugars as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) may increase inflammatory biomarkers. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix at different levels of energy is unknown. To investigate the role of food source and energy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials on the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers at different levels of energy control.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2022 for controlled feeding trials ≥ 7 days. Four trial designs were prespecified by energy control: substitution (energy matched replacement of sugars); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). The primary outcome was -reactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes were tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. GRADE assessed certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
We identified 64 controlled trials (91 trial comparisons, = 4094) assessing 12 food sources (SSB; sweetened dairy; sweetened dairy alternative [soy]; 100% fruit juice; fruit; dried fruit; mixed fruit forms; sweetened cereal grains and bars; sweets and desserts; added nutritive [caloric] sweetener; mixed sources [with SSBs]; and mixed sources [without SSBs]) at 4 levels of energy control over a median 6-weeks in predominantly healthy mixed weight or overweight/obese adults. Total fructose-containing sugars decreased CRP in addition trials and had no effect in substitution, subtraction or ad libitum trials. No effect was observed on other outcomes at any level of energy control. There was evidence of interaction/influence by food source: substitution trials (sweetened dairy alternative (soy) and 100% fruit juice decreased, and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased CRP); and addition trials (fruit decreased CRP and TNF-α; sweets and desserts (dark chocolate) decreased IL-6). The certainty of evidence was moderate-to-low for the majority of analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Food source appears to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers over the short-to-medium term. The evidence provides good indication that mixed sources that contain SSBs increase CRP, while most other food sources have no effect with some sources (fruit, 100% fruit juice, sweetened soy beverage or dark chocolate) showing decreases, which may be dependent on energy control.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov: (NCT02716870).
Topics: Beverages; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Fructose; Interleukin-6; Sweetening Agents; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36235639
DOI: 10.3390/nu14193986 -
Complementary Medicine Research 2022Cancer is a common disease in humans and in companion animals and treatment is challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and assess the potential...
Cancer is a common disease in humans and in companion animals and treatment is challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and assess the potential use of Viscum album L. extracts (VAE) for treatment of neoplastic diseases in companion animals. Peer-reviewed animal, in vivo and in vitro studies were included, considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Overall, 6,148 references were identified. Following a predefined protocol, 114 full-text references were assessed. Ultimately, 61 references were included for further assessment, 25 references included in vitro experiments, 26 included in vivo and clinical experiments, and 10 references included both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These 61 references comprised data of 193 in vitro and 67 in vivo and clinical experiments. Most of the 67 in vivo and clinical experiments were conducted with mice (59), followed by rats (4), dogs (3), and horses (1). So far, oral melanomas, mammary tumors, and sticker sarcomas in dogs, as well as sarcoids in horses, have been investigated in controlled clinical trials. A scoring system was established to evaluate the outcomes of each study based on defined effect levels. The efficacy of VAE treatment was most pronounced for melanomas, sarcomas, mammary carcinoma, and equine sarcoids. The limited number and quality of published studies on VAE treatment in companion animals impede drawing definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of VAE in the treatment of cancer. Thus, further research is needed to elucidate the impact of VAE on the treatment of cancer in companion animals and possible underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Dogs; Humans; Mice; Rats; Female; Viscum album; Melanoma; Plant Extracts; Mouth Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 35810741
DOI: 10.1159/000525035 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, the dry roots and stems of Houtt (called Huzhang, HZ in Chinese), is a traditional and popular chinese medicinal herb for thousands...
Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, the dry roots and stems of Houtt (called Huzhang, HZ in Chinese), is a traditional and popular chinese medicinal herb for thousands of years. As a widely used ethnomedicine in Asia including China, Japan, and Korea, HZ can invigorate the blood, cool heat, and resolve toxicity, which is commonly used in the treatment of favus, jaundice, scald, and constipation. However, HZ is now considered an invasive plant in the United States and many European countries. Therefore, in order to take advantage of HZ and solve the problem of biological invasion, scholars around the world have carried out abundant research studies on HZ. Until now, about 110 compounds have been isolated and identified from HZ, in which anthraquinones, stilbenes, and flavonoids would be the main bioactive ingredients for its pharmacological properties, such as microcirculation improvement, myocardial protective effects, endocrine regulation, anti-atherosclerotic activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-tumor activity, anti-viral activity, and treatment of skin inflammation, burns, and scalds. HZ has a variety of active ingredients and broad pharmacological activities. It is widely used in health products, cosmetics, and even animal husbandry feed and has no obvious toxicity. Efforts should be made to develop more products such as effective drugs, health care products, cosmetics, and agricultural and animal husbandry products to benefit mankind.
PubMed: 35770098
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863707 -
Cancer Medicine Jan 2023This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMs) to capecitabine-based regimens for colorectal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMs) to capecitabine-based regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) in term of tumor. The eight electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Excerpt Medica Database (Embase), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journals (CQVIP), and Wanfang Database were systematically searched for eligible studies from their inception to March 2021. Thirty-nine randomized controlled trials were involved in this study, and all the data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 (Nordic Cochran Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) and R 4.0.5 software. The meta-analyses suggested that TCMs in combination with capecitabine-based regimens increased objective response rate (ORR) in the palliative treatment of CRC (risk ratio [RR], 1.35 [1.17, 1.55], I = 0%), disease control rate (DCR) (RR, 1.22 [1.12, 1.32], I = 3%), and quality of life (QOL) (RR, 1.71 [1.44, 2.03], I = 0%), with decreased risks of myelosuppression, anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver/renal dysfunction, neurotoxicity, nausea/vomiting, neutropenia, diarrhea, leukopenia, improved the peripheral lymphocyte, reduced the expression of tumor markers, and related factors. Further sensitivity analysis of specific plant-based TCMs found that dangshen, fuling, and gancao had significantly higher contributions to the results of the RR. The results show that capecitabine-based chemotherapy combined with TCM in the treatment of CRC increases the efficiency of ORR and DCR, reduces chemotherapeutic agents-associated adverse reactions, and improves their life quality as compared with chemotherapy alone, but further randomized and large sample of studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Capecitabine; Quality of Life; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Neutropenia; Colorectal Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35650714
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4896 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2022The emergence of adverse effects and resistance to colorectal cancer (CRC) current therapies calls for the development of new strategies aimed at both preventing and... (Review)
Review
The emergence of adverse effects and resistance to colorectal cancer (CRC) current therapies calls for the development of new strategies aimed at both preventing and treating. In this context, functional extracts from Brassicaceae family contains abundant bioactive compounds directly related to a positive effect on human health including cancer. The main objective of this systematic review is to compile all recent studies that analyzed the in vitro antiproliferative activity of functional extracts or isolated molecules from the Brassicaceae family against CRC. A total of 711 articles published between January 2011 and May 2021 were identified. Of them, 68 met our inclusion criteria. Different standardized protocols using variable parts of plants of the Brassicaceae family resulted in diverse bioactive extracts and/or compounds. Most of them were related to isothiocyanates, which showed significant antitumor activity against CRC. These in vitro studies provide an excellent guide to direct research on the applications of plants of the Brassicaceae family to the prevention of this type of tumor. The extracts and molecules with demonstrated activity against CRC should be tested in vivo and in clinical trials to determine their usefulness in the prevention of this cancer to reduce its global incidence.
Topics: Brassicaceae; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35623168
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113145 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Accumulated experimental evidence suggests that resveratrol may have an effect on diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation and decreasing oxidative stress.... (Review)
Review
Accumulated experimental evidence suggests that resveratrol may have an effect on diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation and decreasing oxidative stress. However, the credibility of the evidence for this practice is unclear. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol when used in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. The methodological quality of animal studies was assessed based on the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (SYRCLE's RoB) tool. A meta-analysis was performed based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by using RevMan 5.4 software. This study was registered within International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42021293784. Thirty-six qualified studies involving 726 animals were included. There was a significant association of resveratrol with the levels of blood glucose (BG), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Nevertheless, resveratrol treatment did not effectively decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, more remarkable antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects were observed in type 2 diabetic nephropathy rather than in type 1 diabetic nephropathy based on subgroup analysis. In this meta-analysis, resveratrol can exert its antioxidant activities by reducing the levels of MDA and recovering the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx. With regard to pro-inflammatory cytokines, resveratrol had a positive effect on the reduction of IL-1β. However, the analysis indicated that resveratrol had no effect on IL-6 and TNF-α levels, probably because of the methodological quality of the studies and their heterogeneity. Current evidence supports the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol, but its relationship with the levels of some inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in animals with diabetic nephropathy needs further elucidation.
PubMed: 35355720
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841818 -
JBRA Assisted Reproduction Nov 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Today, medicinal plants have been considered by women, especially in the reproductive and...
Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women. Today, medicinal plants have been considered by women, especially in the reproductive and pregnancy ages. Multiple drug treatments and the length of the treatment period often lead to incomplete treatment by patients. Therefore, due to the side effects of chemical drugs, this study was conducted to assess investigate the effect of pomegranate seed oil on polycystic ovary syndrome. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome is increasing by 15 to 20% and clinically includes oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hirsutism, and often infertility. Databases such as Cochran library, Medline, PubMed, SID, and Science Direct were used to access the related articles. To collect the required information, first, the articles that had one of the keywords of medicinal plants, polycystic ovary syndrome, plant, pomegranate extract, and menstrual irregularities in their text were searched in databases. All studies from 1985 to 2021 are included in the study. Conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) is a group of geometric and positional isomers of linolenic acid in which double bonds are conjugated. CLN has been reported to have a very strong cytotoxic effect on tissue tumor cells in the body, preventing cancer, reducing the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, and LDL cholesterol in the blood. So far, seven CLN isomers have been identified, including ponic acid in pomegranate seed oil. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of situational and geometric isomers of linoleic acid in which double bonds are conjugated. The positive effects of the two main CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12) include inhibiting the growth of cancer, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis, and reducing body fat.
Topics: Female; Humans; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Plant Oils; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pomegranate
PubMed: 35257560
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210121 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2022Aconitum carmichaelii, belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, is a widely used traditional herbal plant in Asian countries, especially in China. The lateral ("Fuzi") and... (Review)
Review
Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux: A systematic review on traditional use, and the chemical structures and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds in the roots.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Aconitum carmichaelii, belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, is a widely used traditional herbal plant in Asian countries, especially in China. The lateral ("Fuzi") and mother ("Chuanwu") roots are the two main plant parts used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where they are used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and as analgesics.
AIM OF THE STUDY
In order to further guide the research direction and application of A. carmichaelii, this study aims to give a systematic and in-depth overview on the phytochemical and pharmacological studies of non-alkaloid natural products with focus on polysaccharides and phenolic compounds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search in the literature was conducted based on the databases Google Scholar, SciFinder (American Chemical Society), Springer Link, PubMed Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, in addition to books, doctoral and master's dissertations, and official website. The main keywords were: "Aconitum carmichaelii", "Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata", "Fuzi", "Chuanwu", "Aconiti Radix", "monkshood" and "Bushi".
RESULTS
A. carmichaelii is known for the use of its different root parts, including "Fuzi" and "Chuanwu". Different types of polysaccharides, both neutral and acidic, and 39 phenolic compounds like flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, neolignans, and benzoic acid derivatives have been isolated and identified from the roots. Pharmacological studies of the isolated polysaccharides have demonstrated various biological effects such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, cardiovascular, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and neuropharmacological activities. Studies on pharmacological effects of the phenolic compounds isolated from the roots are however limited.
CONCLUSIONS
This review shows that polysaccharides could be one of the active components in the roots of A. carmichaelii, and they are promising for future applications due to their pharmacological properties. In addition, polysaccharides are generally non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. This review also sheds light on new research directions for A. carmichaelii. A more detailed structural characterization of polysaccharides from different root parts of A. carmichaelii, and their structure-activity relationships are required. Additionally, their pharmacological properties as immunomodulators in the intestinal system should be investigated. Further, more knowledge about the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of the phenolic compounds that have been identified are needed.
Topics: Aconitum; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Roots; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35240238
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115148 -
BioMed Research International 2021Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine,...
Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine, the medicinal plants with antituberculosis (TB) properties inspire the pharmacists to develop new drugs based on their active components or semimetabolites. In the present review, the anti-TB medicinal plants were screened from the scientific literatures, based on the botanical classification and the anti-TB activity. The obtained anti-TB medicinal plants were categorized into three different categories, , 159 plants critically examined with a total 335 isolated compounds, 131 plants with their crude extracts showing anti-TB activity, and 27 plants in literature with the prescribed formula by the traditional healers. Our systemic analysis on the medicinal plants can assist the discovery of novel and more efficacious anti-TB drugs.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 34541000
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9910365