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Frontiers in Genetics 2024Kinship analysis is a crucial aspect of forensic genetics. This study analyzed 1,222 publications on kinship analysis from 1960 to 2023 using bibliometric analysis...
Kinship analysis is a crucial aspect of forensic genetics. This study analyzed 1,222 publications on kinship analysis from 1960 to 2023 using bibliometric analysis techniques, investigating the annual publication and citation patterns, most productive countries, organizations, authors and journals, most cited documents and co-occurrence of keywords. The initial publication in this field occurred in 1960. Since 2007, there has been a significant increase in publications, with over 30 published annually except for 2010. China had the most publications ( = 213, 17.43%), followed by the United States ( = 175, 14.32%) and Germany ( = 89, 7.28%). The United States also had the highest citation count. Sichuan University in China has the largest number of published articles. The University of Leipzig and the University of Cologne in Germany exhibit the highest total citation count and average citation, respectively. Budowle B was the most prolific author and Kayser M was the most cited author. In terms of publications, , , and were the most prolific journals. Among them, boasted the highest h-index, citation count, and average citation rate. The most frequently cited publication was "Van Oven M, 2009, Hum Mutat", with a total of 1,361 citations. The most frequent co-occurrence keyword included "DNA", "Loci", "Paternity testing", "Population", "Markers", and "Identification", with recent interest focusing on "Kinship analysis", "SNP" and "Inference". The current research is centered around microhaplotypes, forensic genetic genealogy, and massively parallel sequencing. The field advanced with new DNA analysis methods, tools, and genetic markers. Collaborative research among nations, organizations, and authors benefits idea exchange, problem-solving efficiency, and high-quality results.
PubMed: 38903754
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1401898 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The early management of neonates with meconium ileus (MI) and cystic fibrosis (CF) is highly variable across countries and is not standardized. We conducted a systematic... (Review)
Review
The early management of neonates with meconium ileus (MI) and cystic fibrosis (CF) is highly variable across countries and is not standardized. We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024522838). Studies from three providers of academic search engines were checked for inclusion criteria, using the following search terms: meconium ileus AND cystic fibrosis OR mucoviscidosis. Regarding the patient population studied, the inclusion criteria were defined using our predefined PICOT framework: studies on neonates with simple or complicated meconium which were confirmed to have cystic fibrosis and were conservatively managed or surgically treated. Results: A total of 566 publications from the last 10 years were verified by the authors of this review to find the most recent and relevant data, and only 8 met the inclusion criteria. Prenatally diagnosed meconium pseudocysts, bowel dilation, and ascites on ultrasound are predictors of neonatal surgery and risk factor for negative 12-month clinical outcomes in MI-CF newborns. For simple MI, conservative treatment with hypertonic solutions enemas can be effective in more than 25% of cases. If repeated enemas fail to disimpact the bowels, the Bishop-Koop stoma is a safe option. No comprehensive research has been conducted so far to determine the ideal surgical protocol for complicated MI. We only found three studies that reported the types of stomas performed and another study comparing the outcomes of patients depending on the surgical management; the conclusions are contradictory especially since the number of cases analyzed in each study was small. Between 18% and 38% of patients with complicated MI will require reoperation for various complications and the mortality rate varies between 0% and 8%. Conclusion: This study reveals a lack of strong data to support management decisions, unequivocally shows that the care of infants with MI is not standardized, and suggests a great need for international collaborative studies.
PubMed: 38893705
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111179 -
Cancers May 2024The increased demand for genetic testing and counseling necessitates healthcare professionals (HCPs) to improve their genetic competency through training programs. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The increased demand for genetic testing and counseling necessitates healthcare professionals (HCPs) to improve their genetic competency through training programs. This systematic review identified HCPs' learning needs and their perspectives on essential information for families with hereditary cancer.
METHODS
This review covered studies published from 2013 to 2024 across five databases. Data were analyzed using a content analysis.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies involving 332 HCPs were analyzed. Most studies focused on the learning needs of physicians caring for families affected by Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in North America and Europe. HCPs required training emphasizing practical counseling skills over the basics of genetics. Learning needs varied by profession: physicians needed training in assessing cancer risk and supporting decision-making in risk management; nurses required information on resources and the genetic care system; genetic counselors sought guidance on family communication and planning. Essential information identified for families included risk-reducing strategies, personalized cancer risk assessment, family implications, psychological issues, (cascade) genetic testing, and social concerns.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings have implications for the development of training programs for HCPs, emphasizing the need for tailored training based on professions. Future research should explore the needs of HCPs caring for families with diverse hereditary cancers and cultural backgrounds.
PubMed: 38893084
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111963 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024The purpose of the study is to compare the visual outcomes and complications of sutured scleral fixation (SSF), a traditional and conservative surgical approach, and... (Review)
Review
The purpose of the study is to compare the visual outcomes and complications of sutured scleral fixation (SSF), a traditional and conservative surgical approach, and the newer and faster Yamane technique for secondary intraocular lens placement. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus on studies published between 1 July 2017 to 29 September 2023. Outcomes analyzed included the final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 3 and 12 months to assess the effectiveness of the procedure, post-operative month (POM) 1 BCVA to assess the speed of visual recovery, endothelial cell count (ECC), absolute refractive error, surgical duration, and complication rates. Additional subgroup analyses were performed based on surgeon experience with the technique. Single-surgeon studies had an average of 26 procedures performed, whereas multiple-surgeon studies averaged only 9 procedures performed; these were then used to delineate surgeon experience. A sample-size weighted mean difference (MD) meta-analysis was performed across all variables using RevMan 5.4.1; < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirteen studies with 737 eyes were included: 406 eyes were included in the SSF group, and 331 eyes were included in the Yamane group. There was no significant difference in the final BCVA between groups in both the single-surgeon versus multiple-surgeon studies (MD = -0.01, 95% CI: [-0.06, 0.04], = 0.73). In the single-surgeon studies, the BCVA at POM1 was significantly improved in the Yamane group compared to SSF (MD = -0.10, 95% CI: [-0.16, -0.04], = 0.002). In the multiple-surgeon studies, there was no significant difference in BCVA at POM1 (MD = -0.06, 95% CI: [-0.16, 0.04], = 0.23). The Yamane group had a shorter surgical duration than SSF in both single-surgeon and multiple-surgeon studies (MD = -24.68, 95% CI: [-35.90, -13.46], < 0.0001). The ECC, refractive error, and complication rates did not significantly differ amongst all groups. The Yamane technique demonstrated similar long-term visual outcomes and complication rates to the traditional SSF. Visual recovery was significantly faster in the Yamane group in the single-surgeon studies. The operative times were shorter across all Yamane groups. Based on these findings, it is advisable to consider the Yamane technique as a viable, and perhaps preferable, option for patients requiring secondary IOL placement, alongside traditional SSF methods.
PubMed: 38892783
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113071 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2024The association between Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established by many studies, but there... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The association between Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established by many studies, but there have been conflicting results from the literature. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between APOA5 gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of MetS.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were searched up to April 2024. The random effects model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between APOA5 gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of MetS development. The potential sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 30 studies with 54,986 subjects (25,341 MetS cases and 29,645 healthy controls) were included. The presence of rs662799 and rs651821 polymorphisms is associated with an approximately 1.5-fold higher likelihood of MetS prevalence (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.53, p < 0.001; I = 67.1%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001; and OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36-1.65, p < 0.001), respectively. MetS is also more prevalent in individuals with the genetic variants rs3135506 and rs2075291. There was no evidence of a connection with rs126317.
CONCLUSION
The present findings suggest that polymorphisms located in the promoter and coding regions of the APOA5 gene are associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in the adult population. Identifying individuals with these genetic variations could lead to early disease detection and the implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the risk of MetS and its related health issues. However, because the sample size was small and there was evidence of significant heterogeneity for some APOA5 gene polymorphisms, these results need to be confirmed by more large-scale and well-designed studies.
Topics: Metabolic Syndrome; Apolipoprotein A-V; Humans; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 38867151
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10493-x -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Jun 2024Activating mutation in Ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP8) is identified to enhance cell proliferation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from corticotroph...
OBJECTIVE
Activating mutation in Ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP8) is identified to enhance cell proliferation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from corticotroph pituitary adenoma. We investigated the USP8 variant status in a population of Iranian people with functional corticotroph pituitary adenoma (FCPA). Moreover, a systematic review was conducted to thoroughly explore the role of USP8 variants and the related pathways in corticotroph adenomas, genotype-phenotype correlation in USP8-mutated individuals with FCPA, and the potential role of USP8 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as targeted therapies in PFCAs.
METHODS
Genetic analysis of 20 tissue samples from 19 patients with PFCAs was performed using Sanger sequencing. Moreover, a systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, web of Sciences, and Cochrane databases were searched. The last search was performed on 20 September 2023 for all databases.
RESULTS
In our series, we found two somatic mutations including a 7-bp deletion variant: c.2151_2157delCTCCTCC, p. Ser718GlnfsTer3, and a missense variant: c.2159 C > G, p. Pro720Arg (rs672601311) in exon 14. The Systematic review indicated USP8 variant in 35% of corticotroph adenomas, with the highest frequency (25%) in 720 code regions, p. Pro720Arg. Data regarding the impact of USP8 mutational status on clinical characteristics and outcomes in FCPAs are inconsistent. Moreover, Pasireotide as well as inhibitors of EGFR such as Gefitinib and Lapatinib, as well as USP8 inhibitors including -ehtyloxyimino9H-indeno (1, 2-b) pyrazine-2, 3-dicarbonitrile, DUBs-IN-2, and RA-9 indicated promising results in treatment of corticotroph adenomas.
CONCLUSION
Although the USP8-EGFR system has been identified as the main trigger and target of corticotroph tumorigenesis, more precise multicenter studies are required to yield more consistent information regarding the phenotype-genotype correlation and to develop effective targeted therapies.
Topics: Humans; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Iran; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion; Adult; Female; Male; Endopeptidases; Mutation; Middle Aged; ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; Middle Eastern People
PubMed: 38862897
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01619-z -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Jun 2024Understanding the mechanisms of hip disease, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is crucial to advance their treatment. Such hip diseases often involve specific morphological... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Understanding the mechanisms of hip disease, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is crucial to advance their treatment. Such hip diseases often involve specific morphological changes. Genetic variations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), influence various hip morphological parameters. This study investigated the biological relevance of SNPs correlated to hip morphology in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The SNP-associated genes were compared to genes associated with OA in other joints, aiming to see if the same genes play a role in both hip development and the risk of OA in other lower limb joints.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic literature review was conducted to identify SNPs correlated with hip morphology, based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study (PICOS) framework. Afterwards, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed, using EnrichR, on the SNP-associated genes and compared with non-hip OA-associated genes, across different databases.
RESULTS
Reviewing 49 GWAS identified 436 SNPs associated with hip joint morphology, encompassing variance in bone size, structure and shape. Among the SNP-associated genes, SOX9 plays a pivotal role in size, GDF5 impacts bone structure, and BMP7 affects shape. Overall, skeletal system development, regulation of cell differentiation, and chondrocyte differentiation emerged as crucial processes influencing hip morphology. Eighteen percent of GWAS-identified genes related to hip morphology were also associated with non-hip OA.
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate the existence of multiple shared genetic mechanisms across hip morphology and OA, highlighting the necessity for more extensive research in this area, as in contrast to the hip, the genetic background on knee or foot morphology remains largely understudied.
PubMed: 38852879
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.05.010 -
AIDS Research and Therapy Jun 2024Despite the widespread use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, scant information on HIV drug resistance... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Despite the widespread use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, scant information on HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) has been gathered over the past decade. This review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of pre-exposure prophylaxis and its two-way impact on DRM.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies on DRM in pre-exposure prophylaxis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, and SAGE databases were searched for English-language primary studies published between January 2001 and December 2023. The initial search was conducted on 9 August 2021 and was updated through 31 December 2023 to ensure the inclusion of the most recent findings. The registration number for this protocol review was CRD42022356061.
RESULTS
A total of 26,367 participants and 562 seroconversion cases across 12 studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence estimate for all mutations was 6.47% (95% Confidence Interval-CI 3.65-9.93), while Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine-associated drug resistance mutation prevalence was 1.52% (95% CI 0.23-3.60) in the pre-exposure prophylaxis arm after enrolment. A subgroup analysis, based on the study population, showed the prevalence in the heterosexual and men who have sex with men (MSM) groups was 5.53% (95% CI 2.55-9.40) and 7.47% (95% CI 3.80-12.11), respectively. Notably, there was no significant difference in the incidence of DRM between the pre-exposure prophylaxis and placebo groups (log-OR = 0.99, 95% CI -0.20 to 2.18, I2 = 0%; p = 0.10).
DISCUSSION
Given the constrained prevalence of DRM, the World Health Organization (WHO) advocates the extensive adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis. Our study demonstrated no increased risk of DRM with pre-exposure prophylaxis (p > 0.05), which is consistent with these settings. These findings align with the previous meta-analysis, which reported a 3.14-fold higher risk in the pre-exposure prophylaxis group than the placebo group, although the observed difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.21).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the low prevalence of DRM, pre-exposure prophylaxis did not significantly increase the risk of DRM compared to placebo. However, long-term observation is required to determine further disadvantages of extensive pre-exposure prophylaxis use. PROSPERO Number: CRD42022356061.
Topics: Humans; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; HIV Infections; Drug Resistance, Viral; Mutation; Anti-HIV Agents; HIV-1; Male; Administration, Oral; Female; Tenofovir; Prevalence
PubMed: 38844950
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00627-2 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The microbiota-gut-lung axis has elucidated a potential association between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is a paucity of...
BACKGROUND
The microbiota-gut-lung axis has elucidated a potential association between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is a paucity of population-level studies with providing robust evidence for establishing causality. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and IPF as well as lung function.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adhering to Mendel's principle of inheritance, this MR analysis utilized summary-level data from respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 211 gut microbial taxa, IPF, and lung function indicators such as FEV, FVC, and FEV/FVC. A bidirectional two-sample MR design was employed, utilizing multiple MR analysis methods, including inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and weighted mode. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was used to uncover mediating factors connecting the exposure and outcome. Additionally, comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
The MR results confirmed four taxa were found causally associated with the risk of IPF. (OR=0.773, 95% CI: 0.610-0.979, p=0.033), (OR=0.773, 95% CI: 0.610-0.979, p=0.033), and (OR=0.793, 95% CI: 0.652-0.965, p=0.020) exerted protective effects on IPF, while (OR=1.349, 95% CI: 1.021-1.783, p=0.035) promote the development of IPF. Several taxa were causally associated with lung function, with those in , and being the most prominent beneficial microbiota, while those in , and were associated with impaired lung function. As for the reverse analysis, MR results confirmed the effects of FEV and FVC on the increased abundance of six taxa (, and ) with a boosted level of evidence. MVMR suggested monounsaturated fatty acids, total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids as potential mediating factors in the genetic association between gut microbiota and IPF.
CONCLUSION
The current study suggested the casual effects of the specific gut microbes on the risk of IPF and lung function. In turn, lung function also exerted a positive role in some gut microbes. A reasonable dietary intake of lipid substances has a certain protective effect against the occurrence and progression of IPF. This study provides novel insights into the potential role of gut microbiota in IPF and indicates a possible gut microbiota-mediated mechanism for the prevention of IPF.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Lung; Respiratory Function Tests; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 38841114
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348685 -
Journal of Stroke May 2024Possible differences in the prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in East-Asian compared to Western populations have received little attention, and results so... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Possible differences in the prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in East-Asian compared to Western populations have received little attention, and results so far have been ambiguous. Our aim is to compare the prevalence of CAA neuropathology and magnetic resonance imaging markers of CAA in East-Asian and Western cohorts reflecting the general population, cognitively normal elderly, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and patients with (lobar) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase for original research papers on the prevalence of CAA and imaging markers of CAA published up until February 17th 2022. Records were screened by two independent reviewers. Pooled estimates were determined using random-effects models. We compared studies from Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea (East-Asian cohorts) to studies from Europe or North America (Western cohorts) by meta-regression models.
RESULTS
We identified 12,257 unique records, and we included 143 studies on Western study populations and 53 studies on East-Asian study populations. Prevalence of CAA neuropathology did not differ between East-Asian and Western cohorts in any of the investigated patient domains. The prevalence of strictly lobar microbleeds was lower in East-Asian cohorts of population-based individuals (5.6% vs. 11.4%, P=0.020), cognitively normal elderly (2.6% vs. 11.4%, P=0.001), and patients with ICH (10.2% vs. 24.6%, P<0.0001). However, age was in general lower in the East-Asian cohorts.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of CAA neuropathology in the general population, cognitively normal elderly, patients with AD, and patients with (lobar) ICH is similar in East-Asian and Western countries. In East-Asian cohorts reflecting the general population, cognitively normal elderly, and patients with ICH, strictly lobar microbleeds were less prevalent, likely due to their younger age. Consideration of potential presence of CAA is warranted in decisions regarding antithrombotic treatment and potential new anti-amyloid-β immunotherapy as treatment for AD in East-Asian and Western countries alike.
PubMed: 38836267
DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.04287