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Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic... 2017: The mouth cavity hosts various types of anaerobic bacteria including , which causes periodontal inflammatory diseases. is a gram-negative oral anaerobe and is...
: The mouth cavity hosts various types of anaerobic bacteria including , which causes periodontal inflammatory diseases. is a gram-negative oral anaerobe and is considered as a main etiological factor in periodontal diseases. Several studies have reported a relationship between in individuals with periodontal diseases and a critical role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The present study aimed at estimating this probability using a meta-analysis. : We searched several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify case-control studies addressing the relationship between with periodontal diseases. A total of 49 reports published from different countries from 1993 to 2014 were included in this study. I² (heterogeneity index) statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 11. : After a detailed analysis of the selected articles, 49 case-control studies with 5924 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The healthy controls included 2600 healthy individuals with a Mean±SD age of 36.56±7.45 years. The periodontal diseases group included 3356 patients with a mean age of 43.62±8.35 years. There was a statistically significant difference between in periodontal patients and healthy controls; 9.24 (95% CI: 5.78 to 14.77; P = 0.000). In the other word, there was a significant relationship between the presence of and periodontal diseases. : Analyzing the results of the present study, we found a strong association between the presence of and periodontal diseases. This result suggests that another research is needed to further assess this subject.
PubMed: 29445691
DOI: 10.18869/mjiri.31.62 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2017Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by... (Review)
Review
AIM
Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to common antibiotics. Consequently, novel methods for successful inactivation of pathogens are required. In this instance, one alternative could be application of light for treatment of topical infections. Antimicrobial properties of UV light are well documented, but due to its DNA-damaging properties use for medical purposes is limited. In contrast, irradiation with visible light may be more promising.
METHODS
Literature was systematically screened for research concerning inactivation of main oral bacterial species by means of visible light.
RESULTS
Inactivation of bacterial species, especially pigmented ones, in planktonic state showed promising results. There is a lack of research examining the situation when organized as biofilms.
CONCLUSION
More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.
Topics: Aggregatibacter; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium; Humans; Light; Mouth; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28792235
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0051 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2017Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects of fixed appliances on microbial changes were reported. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients.
METHODS
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched up to November 20, 2016. Longitudinal studies observing microbial changes in subgingival plaques at different time points of orthodontic treatment are included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). The studies that reported the frequency of subgingival periodontopathogens were used for quantitative analysis. Other studies were analysed qualitatively to describe the microbial changes during orthodontic treatment.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were selected, including two controlled clinical trials, three cohort studies and eight self-controlled studies. Four periodontopathogens, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf), were analysed. Following orthodontic appliance placement, the frequencies of Pg and Aa showed no significant change (P = 0.97 and P = 0.77), whereas the frequency of Tf significantly increased (P < 0.01) during short-term observation (0-3 months). The frequency of Pi showed a tooth-specific difference, as it presented no significant difference (P = 0.25) at the site of the first molar but was significantly increased (P = 0.01) at the incisor. During long-term observation (> = 6 months), two studies reported that the levels of subgingival periodontopathogens exhibited a transient increase but decreased to the pretreatment levels afterwards. After removal of the orthodontic appliance, the four periodontopathogens showed no significant difference compared with before removal.
CONCLUSION
The levels of subgingival pathogens presented temporary increases after orthodontic appliance placement, and appeared to return to pretreatment levels several months later. This indicates that orthodontic treatment might not permanently induce periodontal disease by affecting the level of subgingival periodontal pathogen levels. Further studies of high methodological quality are required to provide more reliable evidence regarding this issue.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Gingiva; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances
PubMed: 28576147
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0378-1 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Sep 2016Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. However, recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have revealed a complex microbial community in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. However, recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have revealed a complex microbial community in the stomach that could also contribute to the development of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to present recent scientific evidence regarding the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria in gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS
A systematic review of original articles published in PubMed in the last ten years related to gastric microbiota and gastric cancer in humans was performed.
RESULTS
Thirteen original articles were included. The constitution of gastric microbiota appears to be significantly affected by gastric cancer and premalignant lesions. In fact, differences in gastric microbiota have been documented, depending on Helicobacter pylori status and gastric conditions, such as non-atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and cancer. Gastric carcinogenesis can be associated with an increase in many bacteria (such as Lactobacillus coleohominis, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Acinetobacter baumannii) as well as decrease in others (such as Porphyromonas spp, Neisseria spp, Prevotella pallens or Streptococcus sinensis). However, there is no conclusive data that confirms if these changes in microbiota are a cause or consequence of the process of carcinogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
Even though there is limited evidence in humans, microbiota differences between normal individuals, pre-malignant lesions and gastric cancer could suggest a progressive shift in the constitution of gastric microbiota in carcinogenesis, possibly resulting from a complex cross-talk between gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the specific role (if any) of different microorganisms.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Microbiota; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 27604361
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4261/2016 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016To evaluate the variations in the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and/or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans before and after systemic administration of...
Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans after Systemic Administration of Amoxicillin Plus Metronidazole as an Adjunct to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the variations in the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and/or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans before and after systemic administration of amoxicillin plus metronidazole in association with non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).
BACKGROUND
The adjunctive use of antibiotics has been advocated to improve the clinical outcomes of NSPT. However, no systematic review has investigated the microbiological benefit of this combination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search was conducted up to December 2015. Randomized clinical trials comparing the number of patients testing positive for P. gingivalis and/or A. actinomycetemcomitans before and after NSPT with (test group) or without (control group) amoxicillin plus metronidazole were included. The difference between groups in the variation of positive patients was calculated using the inverse variance method with a random effects model.
RESULTS
The frequency of patients positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans was decreased by 30% (p = 0.002) and by 25% (p = 0.01) in the test group compared to the control group at 3- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. Similar findings were observed when considering the frequency of patients positive for Porphyromonas gingivalis, with a reduction by 28% (p < 0.0001), 32% (p < 0.0001), and 34% (p = 0.03) in the test group compared to the control group at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The systemic administration of amoxicillin plus metronidazole as an adjunct to NSPT significantly decreased the number of patients positive for P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with periodontal therapy alone or with a placebo.
PubMed: 27594851
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01277 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jan 2017Since the peptidyl arginine deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis is able to citrullinate peptides and proteins, various studies have suggested the species as a possible... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Since the peptidyl arginine deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis is able to citrullinate peptides and proteins, various studies have suggested the species as a possible link between periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This systematic review including meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate whether differences in terms of antibody titers against P. gingivalis exist between RA patients and systemically healthy individuals with and without PD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following focused question was addressed: Are the antibody titers against P. gingivalis of RA patients different from systemically healthy individuals with and without PD? A systematic data search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE. The collected data underwent a meta-analysis to detect statistically significant differences in terms of antibody levels between the groups.
RESULTS
From 114 articles found by the search 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and provided data suitable for meta-analysis. After analyzing various levels of confinement the meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant higher antibody titer against P. gingivalis in patients suffering from RA in comparison with systemically and periodontally healthy controls (p < 0.01) and systemically healthy patients with PD (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The present findings indicate that RA is often accompanied by the presence of an immune response against P. gingivalis.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The significantly higher antibody response to P. gingivalis in comparison to systemically healthy individuals supports the link between PD and RA by P. gingivalis. Screening of the regularly taken blood samples of RA patients for P. gingivalis antibodies may help to sensitize rheumatologists and RA patients for improving periodontal health.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 27561661
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1938-5 -
International Journal of... Jun 2015It seems that Porphyromanas gingivalis is carcinogenic, because it activates a number of inflammatory immune responses in the host and causes disorders in bacterial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
It seems that Porphyromanas gingivalis is carcinogenic, because it activates a number of inflammatory immune responses in the host and causes disorders in bacterial clearance mechanisms. There is little information on the prevalence of this bacterium in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of P. gingivalis in cancer patients by meta-analysis methods.Different databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ISI web of Knowledge were investigated and eight relevant articles published in 2000-2013 were finally analyzed. Data were analyzed by meta-analysis method, fixed effect model. I² statistics were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of papers. The information was analyzed by R and STATA Ver 12.2.A total of 711 people infected with P. gingivalis were included in this study. In total, the prevalence of P. gingivalis was 40.7% (95% CI, 19.3-62.1). The prevalence of P. gingivalis was evaluated in four case-control studies. The results of this study showed that P. gingivalis increased the chance of cancer development and periodontal disease as much as 1.36 times (OR, 1.36; 95%CI, 0.47-3.97).Although there was no significant correlation between P. gingivalis and cancer, this bacterium increased the chance of cancer and periodontal disease and could be considered as a main potential risk factor.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26002887
DOI: 10.1177/0394632015586144 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2014To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota.
METHODS
The search for articles was conducted in PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases, including articles published in English until May 17th, 2012. They should report human observational studies presenting the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic appliance" AND "microbiological colonization"; OR "periodontal pathogens"; OR "Streptococcus"; OR "Lactobacillus"; OR "Candida"; OR "Tannerella forsythia"; OR "Treponema denticola"; OR "Fusobacterium nucleatum"; OR "Actimomyces actinomycetemcomitans"; OR "Prevotella intermedia"; OR "Prevotella nigrescens"; OR "Porphyromonas gingivalis". Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction for reviews. The study design, sample, follow-up period, collection and microbial analysis methods, statistical treatment, results and discussion were assessed.
RESULTS
The initial search retrieved 305 articles of which 33 articles were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria, out of which 4 articles were classified as having low and 4 as moderate methodological quality. The moderate methodological quality studies were included in the systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS
The literature revealed moderate evidence that the presence of fixed appliances influences the quantity and quality of oral microbiota.
Topics: Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Humans; Mouth; Orthodontic Appliances
PubMed: 24945514
DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.046-055.oar