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Scars, Burns & Healing 2016With ageing, the skin gradually loses its youthful appearance and functions like wound healing and scar formation. The pathophysiological theory of Advanced Glycation... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
With ageing, the skin gradually loses its youthful appearance and functions like wound healing and scar formation. The pathophysiological theory of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) has gained traction during the last decade. This review aims to document the influence of AGEs on the mechanical and physiologic properties of the skin, how they affect dermal wound healing and scar formation in high-AGE populations like elderly patients and diabetics, and potential therapeutic strategies.
METHODS
This systematic literature study involved a structured search in Pubmed and Web of Science with qualitative analysis of 14 articles after a three-staged selection process with the use of in- and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Overall, AGEs cause shortened, thinned, and disorganized collagen fibrils, consequently reducing elasticity and skin/scar thickness with increased contraction and delayed wound closure. Documented therapeutic strategies include dietary AGE restriction, sRAGE decoy receptors, aminoguanidine, RAGE-blocking antibodies, targeted therapy, thymosin β4, anti-oxidant agents and gold nanoparticles, ethyl pyruvate, Gal-3 manipulation and metformin.
DISCUSSION
With lack of evidence concerning scars, no definitive conclusions can yet be made about the role of AGEs on possible appearance or function of scar tissue. However, all results suggest that scars tend to be more rigid and contractile with persistent redness and reduced tendency towards hypertrophy as AGEs accumulate.
CONCLUSION
Abundant evidence supports the pathologic role of AGEs in ageing and dermal wound healing and the effectiveness of possible therapeutic agents. More research is required to conclude its role in scar formation and scar therapy.
PubMed: 29799552
DOI: 10.1177/2059513116676828 -
PloS One 2016Galactose-deficient IgA1 was evaluated in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN) and controls in order to determine the predictive value of galactose-deficient IgA1 in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Galactose-deficient IgA1 was evaluated in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN) and controls in order to determine the predictive value of galactose-deficient IgA1 in cases of IgA nephropathy.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, CNKI, CBM disc, and VIP database were searched to identify eligible studies that evaluated a difference in aberrant IgA1 glycosylation in IgAN patients compared with controls. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of galactose-deficient IgA1(Gd-IgA1) levels in different groups.
RESULTS
A total of 22 studies (n = 1657) met inclusion criteria. The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score was 7.2 and ranged from 6 to 8. The standard mean difference(SMD) in the meta-analysis of 20 studies of the level of Gd-IgA1 in the serum and/or supernatant of cultured cells was higher in the IgAN group compared with healthy controls as well as in those with other renal diseases (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.18-2.34, P<0.00001; SMD = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.05-2.04, P = 0.04). The data synthesis suggested that IgAN patients had similar levels of serum Gd-IgA1, with no significant differences, compared with first-degree relatives and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) patients (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.00-0.08, P = 0.05; MD = -46.03, 95% CI = -217.70-125.64, P = 0.60). In addition, the combined MD of 5 studies indicated that there were no significant differences in Gd-IgA1 levels among patients with varying severities of IgAN (MD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.02-0.05, P = 0.28).
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled evidence suggests that the level of Gd-IgA1 in the serum or supernatant of cultured cells from peripheral blood or tonsils may be a useful biomarker for predicting IgA nephropathy, though the level of Gd-IgA1 was not significantly associated with disease severity.
Topics: Biomarkers; Early Diagnosis; Female; Galactose; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glycosylation; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Male; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 27870872
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166700 -
International Archives of... Oct 2016High mobility group box 1 is a versatile protein involved in gene transcription, extracellular signaling, and response to inflammation. Extracellularly, high mobility... (Review)
Review
High mobility group box 1 is a versatile protein involved in gene transcription, extracellular signaling, and response to inflammation. Extracellularly, high mobility group box 1 binds to several receptors, notably the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Expression of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products has been described in many cancers. To systematically review the available literature using PubMed and Web of Science to evaluate the clinical value of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A total of eleven studies were included in this review. High mobility group box 1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and many clinical and pathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas patients. Additionally, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products demonstrates potential value as a clinical indicator of tumor angiogenesis and advanced staging. In diagnosis, high mobility group box 1 demonstrates low sensitivity. High mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products are associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Further investigation of the prognostic and diagnostic value of these molecules is warranted.
PubMed: 27746844
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583168