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European Review For Medical and... Jun 2017Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, and in recent years has become a major public health problem. The hallmark of OA is cartilage destruction with... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, and in recent years has become a major public health problem. The hallmark of OA is cartilage destruction with local commitment of subchondral bone and the synovial membrane. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional factors and key regulators of the cellular response to hypoxia. To date, three members of the human HIF-α protein family have been described: HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α. HIF-1α plays an essential role in the articular cartilage (a hypoxic tissue), as it has a protective effect in the maintenance of the articular cartilage matrix, HIF-2α has a harmful effect on the articular cartilage matrix, and HIF-3α acts as a negative regulator of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Due to the recent growing interest in the role of HIFs in rheumatic diseases, we focused this review on the potential role of these key regulators in articular cartilage maintenance as the central axis in OA development.
Topics: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Hypoxia; Chondrocytes; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 28682438
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2017Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three, rather than two copies of chromosome 21; or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome. It... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three, rather than two copies of chromosome 21; or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental disability and also leads to numerous metabolic and structural problems. It can be life-threatening, or lead to considerable ill health, although some individuals have only mild problems and can lead relatively normal lives. Having a baby with Down's syndrome is likely to have a significant impact on family life.Non-invasive screening based on biochemical analysis of maternal serum or urine, or fetal ultrasound measurements, allows estimates of the risk of a pregnancy being affected and provides information to guide decisions about definitive testing.Before agreeing to screening tests, parents need to be fully informed about the risks, benefits and possible consequences of such a test. This includes subsequent choices for further tests they may face, and the implications of both false positive and false negative screening tests (i.e. invasive diagnostic testing, and the possibility that a miscarried fetus may be chromosomally normal). The decisions that may be faced by expectant parents inevitably engender a high level of anxiety at all stages of the screening process, and the outcomes of screening can be associated with considerable physical and psychological morbidity. No screening test can predict the severity of problems a person with Down's syndrome will have.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate and compare the accuracy of first trimester ultrasound markers alone, and in combination with first trimester serum tests for the detection of Down's syndrome.
SEARCH METHODS
We carried out extensive literature searches including MEDLINE (1980 to 25 August 2011), Embase (1980 to 25 August 2011), BIOSIS via EDINA (1985 to 25 August 2011), CINAHL via OVID (1982 to 25 August 2011), and The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (the Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 7). We checked reference lists and published review articles for additional potentially relevant studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies evaluating tests of first trimester ultrasound screening, alone or in combination with first trimester serum tests (up to 14 weeks' gestation) for Down's syndrome, compared with a reference standard, either chromosomal verification or macroscopic postnatal inspection.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted as test positive/test negative results for Down's and non-Down's pregnancies allowing estimation of detection rates (sensitivity) and false positive rates (1-specificity). We performed quality assessment according to QUADAS criteria. We used hierarchical summary ROC meta-analytical methods to analyse test performance and compare test accuracy. Analysis of studies allowing direct comparison between tests was undertaken. We investigated the impact of maternal age on test performance in subgroup analyses.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 126 studies (152 publications) involving 1,604,040 fetuses (including 8454 Down's syndrome cases). Studies were generally good quality, although differential verification was common with invasive testing of only high-risk pregnancies. Sixty test combinations were evaluated formed from combinations of 11 different ultrasound markers (nuchal translucency (NT), nasal bone, ductus venosus Doppler, maxillary bone length, fetal heart rate, aberrant right subclavian artery, frontomaxillary facial angle, presence of mitral gap, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid blood flow and iliac angle 90 degrees); 12 serum tests (inhibin A, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (ßhCG), total hCG, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), unconjugated oestriol (uE3), disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM 12), placental growth factor (PlGF), placental growth hormone (PGH), invasive trophoblast antigen (ITA) (synonymous with hyperglycosylated hCG), growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) and placental protein 13 (PP13)); and maternal age. The most frequently evaluated serum markers in combination with ultrasound markers were PAPP-A and free ßhCG.Comparisons of the 10 most frequently evaluated test strategies showed that a combined NT, PAPP-A, free ßhCG and maternal age test strategy significantly outperformed ultrasound markers alone (with or without maternal age) except nasal bone, detecting about nine out of every 10 Down's syndrome pregnancies at a 5% false positive rate (FPR). In both direct and indirect comparisons, the combined NT, PAPP-A, free ßhCG and maternal age test strategy showed superior diagnostic accuracy to an NT and maternal age test strategy (P < 0.0001). Based on the indirect comparison of all available studies for the two tests, the sensitivity (95% confidence interval) estimated at a 5% FPR for the combined NT, PAPP-A, free ßhCG and maternal age test strategy (69 studies; 1,173,853 fetuses including 6010 with Down's syndrome) was 87% (86 to 89) and for the NT and maternal age test strategy (50 studies; 530,874 fetuses including 2701 Down's syndrome pregnancies) was 71% (66 to 75). Combinations of NT with other ultrasound markers, PAPP-A and free ßhCG were evaluated in one or two studies and showed sensitivities of more than 90% and specificities of more than 95%.High-risk populations (defined before screening was done, mainly due to advanced maternal age of 35 years or more, or previous pregnancies affected with Down's syndrome) showed lower detection rates compared to routine screening populations at a 5% FPR. Women who miscarried in the over 35 group were more likely to have been offered an invasive test to verify a negative screening results, whereas those under 35 were usually not offered invasive testing for a negative screening result. Pregnancy loss in women under 35 therefore leads to under-ascertainment of screening results, potentially missing a proportion of affected pregnancies and affecting test sensitivity. Conversely, for the NT, PAPP-A, free ßhCG and maternal age test strategy, detection rates and false positive rates increased with maternal age in the five studies that provided data separately for the subset of women aged 35 years or more.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Test strategies that combine ultrasound markers with serum markers, especially PAPP-A and free ßhCG, and maternal age were significantly better than those involving only ultrasound markers (with or without maternal age) except nasal bone. They detect about nine out of 10 Down's affected pregnancies for a fixed 5% FPR. Although the absence of nasal bone appeared to have a high diagnostic accuracy, only five out of 10 affected Down's pregnancies were detected at a 1% FPR.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Down Syndrome; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Nasal Bone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 28295158
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012600 -
PloS One 2016Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have important functions in peripheral immune tolerance. Dysfunction of Tregs is considered to be a pivotal cause of autoimmune diseases,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have important functions in peripheral immune tolerance. Dysfunction of Tregs is considered to be a pivotal cause of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, previous reports describing the proportion of Tregs among CD4+ T cells in RA patients were controversial because a range of markers are used to identify Tregs with little consensus. To clarify the status of Tregs in RA, we investigated the proportion of Tregs with focusing on the definitions of them.
METHODS
We identified the studies reporting the proportion of Tregs in RA patients using PubMed and Google Scholar. We performed a systematic review of them and a meta-analysis to evaluate the proportion of Tregs (FOXP3-positive and/or CD25-positive) among CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients and control subjects.
RESULTS
A total 31 studies were selected. The proportion of Tregs defined by all definitions among CD4+ T cells in PB was not significantly different between RA patients and control subjects (-0.65, [-1.30, 0.01]). Then we performed sub-analyses based on individual definitions. The proportion of Tregs defined by either CD25 or FOXP3 alone did not differ between RA patients and control subjects. The proportion of Tregs defined by both FOXP3 and CD25 was lower in RA patients than that in control subjects (-2.42 [-3.49, -1.34]). The proportion of Tregs defined by both FOXP3 and CD25 was higher in SF than that in PB among RA patients (3.27 [0.40, 6.14]).
CONCLUSION
The status of Tregs varied according to the definition system. The proportion of Tregs defined by stricter and functionally validated methods decreased in PB and increased in SF among RA patients. If the proportion of Tregs differs in RA, accurate and functionally relevant definitions of Tregs are necessary to elucidate their status in RA.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Humans; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; Synovial Fluid; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 27622457
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162306 -
Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review Sep 2016Mounting research in the field of sports concussion biomarkers has led to a greater understanding of the effects of brain injury from sports. A recent systematic review... (Review)
Review
Mounting research in the field of sports concussion biomarkers has led to a greater understanding of the effects of brain injury from sports. A recent systematic review of clinical studies examining biomarkers of brain injury following sports-related concussion established that almost all studies have been published either in or after the year 2000. In an effort to prevent chronic traumatic encephalopathy and long-term consequences of concussion, early diagnostic and prognostic tools are becoming increasingly important; particularly in sports and in military personnel, where concussions are common occurrences. Early and tailored management of athletes following a concussion with biomarkers could provide them with the best opportunity to avoid further injury. Should blood-based biomarkers for concussion be validated and become widely available, they could have many roles. For instance, a point-of-care test could be used on the field by trained sport medicine professionals to help detect a concussion. In the clinic or hospital setting, it could be used by clinicians to determine the severity of concussion and be used to screen players for neuroimaging (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) and further neuropsychological testing. Furthermore, biomarkers could have a role in monitoring progression of injury and recovery and in managing patients at high risk of repeated injury by being incorporated into guidelines for return to duty, work, or sports activities. There may even be a role for biomarkers as surrogate measures of efficacy in the assessment of new treatments and therapies for concussion.
Topics: Biomarkers; Brain Concussion; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurofilament Proteins; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; tau Proteins
PubMed: 27482776
DOI: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000117 -
Medicine Jul 2016Inconsistent results have been reported about the risk stratification of patients with Brugada syndrome. We have summarized the evidence regarding the strength of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Inconsistent results have been reported about the risk stratification of patients with Brugada syndrome. We have summarized the evidence regarding the strength of association between 6 risk factors (family history of sudden cardiac death [SCD] or syncope, inducible ventricular arrhythmias on electrophysiology study [EPS], spontaneous type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram [ECG], male sex, family history of SCD, and sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 [SCN5A] gene mutation) and subsequent cardiac events in Brugada syndrome patients.
METHODS
Pubmed, Ovid, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between January 1992 and March 2016. Only prospective studies (27 studies, 4494 patients) that reported estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cardiac events for the 6 risk factors were included.
RESULTS
Family history of SCD or syncope (risk ratio [RR] 4.97, 95% CI 3.96-6.23, P < 0.001), inducible ventricular arrhythmia on EPS (RR 3.56, 95% CI 1.30-9.74, P = 0.01), and spontaneous type 1 Brugada ECG (RR 4.07, 95% CI 2.23-7.41, P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of future cardiac events. Spontaneous type 1 Brugada ECG was associated with an elevated risk of future cardiac events in patients without a family history of SCD.
CONCLUSIONS
Inducible ventricular arrhythmias on EPS, spontaneous type 1 Brugada ECG, and family history of SCD or syncope indicate a high risk of future cardiac events in patients with Brugada syndrome. Spontaneous type 1 Brugada ECG significantly increased the risk of future cardiac events in patients without family history of SCD.
Topics: Brugada Syndrome; Electrocardiography; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Mutation; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Syncope; Ventricular Fibrillation
PubMed: 27472692
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004214 -
PloS One 2016S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), a well-studied marker for neurologic injury, has been suggested as a candidate for predicting outcome after subarachnoid... (Review)
Review
S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), a well-studied marker for neurologic injury, has been suggested as a candidate for predicting outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. We performed a pooled analysis summarizing the associations between S100B protein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with radiographic vasospasm, delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), delayed cerebral infarction, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) outcome. A literature search using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the EMBASE databases was performed to identify relevant studies published up to May 2015. The weighted Stouffer's Z method was used to perform a pooled analysis of outcome measures with greater than three studies. A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Higher serum S100B level was found to be associated with cerebral infarction as diagnosed by CT (padj = 3.1 x 10(-4)) and worse GOS outcome (padj = 5.5 x 10(-11)). There was no association found between serum and CSF S100B with radiographic vasospasm or DIND. S100B is a potential prognostic marker for aSAH outcome.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Prognosis; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
PubMed: 27007976
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151853 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2015Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three, rather than two copies of chromosome 21; or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome. It... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three, rather than two copies of chromosome 21; or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental disability and also leads to numerous metabolic and structural problems. It can be life-threatening, or lead to considerable ill health, although some individuals have only mild problems and can lead relatively normal lives. Having a baby with Down's syndrome is likely to have a significant impact on family life.Noninvasive screening based on biochemical analysis of maternal serum or urine, or fetal ultrasound measurements, allows estimates of the risk of a pregnancy being affected and provides information to guide decisions about definitive testing. However, no test can predict the severity of problems a person with Down's syndrome will have.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this review was to estimate and compare the accuracy of first trimester serum markers for the detection of Down's syndrome in the antenatal period, both as individual markers and as combinations of markers. Accuracy is described by the proportion of fetuses with Down's syndrome detected by screening before birth (sensitivity or detection rate) and the proportion of women with a low risk (normal) screening test result who subsequently had a baby unaffected by Down's syndrome (specificity).
SEARCH METHODS
We conducted a sensitive and comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE (1980 to 25 August 2011), Embase (1980 to 25 August 2011), BIOSIS via EDINA (1985 to 25 August 2011), CINAHL via OVID (1982 to 25 August 2011), The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (The Cochrane Library 25 August 2011), MEDION (25 August 2011), The Database of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Laboratory Medicine (25 August 2011), The National Research Register (Archived 2007), Health Services Research Projects in Progress database (25 August 2011). We did forward citation searching ISI citation indices, Google Scholar and PubMed 'related articles'. We did not apply a diagnostic test search filter. We also searched reference lists and published review articles.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included studies in which all women from a given population had one or more index test(s) compared to a reference standard (either chromosomal verification or macroscopic postnatal inspection). Both consecutive series and diagnostic case-control study designs were included. Randomised trials where individuals were randomised to different screening strategies and all verified using a reference standard were also eligible for inclusion. Studies in which test strategies were compared head-to-head either in the same women, or between randomised groups were identified for inclusion in separate comparisons of test strategies. We excluded studies if they included less than five Down's syndrome cases, or more than 20% of participants were not followed up.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We extracted data as test positive or test negative results for Down's and non-Down's pregnancies allowing estimation of detection rates (sensitivity) and false positive rates (1-specificity). We performed quality assessment according to QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) criteria. We used hierarchical summary ROC meta-analytical methods or random-effects logistic regression methods to analyse test performance and compare test accuracy as appropriate. Analyses of studies allowing direct and indirect comparisons between tests were undertaken.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 56 studies (reported in 68 publications) involving 204,759 pregnancies (including 2113 with Down's syndrome). Studies were generally of good quality, although differential verification was common with invasive testing of only high-risk pregnancies. We evaluated 78 test combinations formed from combinations of 18 different tests, with or without maternal age; ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease), AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), inhibin, PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, ITA (invasive trophoblast antigen), free βhCG (beta human chorionic gonadotrophin), PlGF (placental growth factor), SP1 (Schwangerschafts protein 1), total hCG, progesterone, uE3 (unconjugated oestriol), GHBP (growth hormone binding protein), PGH (placental growth hormone), hyperglycosylated hCG, ProMBP (proform of eosinophil major basic protein), hPL (human placental lactogen), (free αhCG, and free ßhCG to AFP ratio. Direct comparisons between two or more tests were made in 27 studies.Meta-analysis of the nine best performing or frequently evaluated test combinations showed that a test strategy involving maternal age and a double marker combination of PAPP-A and free ßhCG significantly outperformed the individual markers (with or without maternal age) detecting about seven out of every 10 Down's syndrome pregnancies at a 5% false positive rate (FPR). Limited evidence suggested that marker combinations involving PAPP-A may be more sensitive than those without PAPP-A.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Tests involving two markers in combination with maternal age, specifically PAPP-A, free βhCG and maternal age are significantly better than those involving single markers with and without age. They detect seven out of 10 Down's affected pregnancies for a fixed 5% FPR. The addition of further markers (triple tests) has not been shown to be statistically superior; the studies included are small with limited power to detect a difference.The screening blood tests themselves have no adverse effects for the woman, over and above the risks of a routine blood test. However some women who have a 'high risk' screening test result, and are given amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) have a risk of miscarrying a baby unaffected by Down's. Parents will need to weigh up this risk when deciding whether or not to have an amniocentesis or CVS following a 'high risk' screening test result.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAM12 Protein; Biomarkers; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Membrane Proteins; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; Prenatal Diagnosis; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 26617074
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011975 -
Medicine Sep 2015The prognostic value of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been evaluated in a large number of studies, but the reports were inconsistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The prognostic value of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been evaluated in a large number of studies, but the reports were inconsistent and remained inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the significance of HIF expression in RCC prognosis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Biological Abstracts were searched for eligible studies. Hazard ratio (HR) data for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) with 95% confidence interval (CI) related to the expression status of HIF-1α or HIF-2α detected by immunohistochemistry were all extracted. Data were combined using a random- or fixed-effects model based on the corresponding inter-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were also performed. A total of 14 studies composed of 1258 patients for HIF-1α evaluation and 619 patients for HIF-2α evaluation were included for further analysis. When initially analyzed as a whole, the HIF-1α expression was not significantly correlated with OS (HR 1.637, 95% CI 0.898-2.985, P = 0.108), CSS (HR 1.110, 95% CI 0.595-2.069, P = 0.744), and PFS (HR 1.113, 95% CI 0.675-1.836, P = 0.674). Similarly, HIF-2α expression was not significantly correlated with CSS (HR 1.597, 95% CI 0.667-3.824, P = 0.293) and PFS (HR 0.847, 95% CI 0.566-1.266, P = 0.417). However, subgroup analyses concerning subcellular localization of HIFs revealed that the high nuclear expression of HIF-1α was significantly associated with poor OS (HR 2.014, 95% CI 1.206-3.363, P = 0.007) and the high cytoplasmic expression of HIF -2α was significantly associated with poor CSS (HR 2.356, 95% CI 1.629-3.407, P = 0.000). The increased nuclear expression of HIF-1α and cytoplasmic expression of HIF-2α indicate unfavorable prognosis in RCC patients, which may serve as biomarkers for disease management.
Topics: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Kidney Neoplasms; Prognosis; Protein Isoforms
PubMed: 26402839
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001646 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2015Emerging evidence indicates that RUNX3 is a candidate tumor suppressor in several types of human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence indicates that RUNX3 is a candidate tumor suppressor in several types of human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between RUNX3 hypermethylation and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of RUNX3 hypermethylation on the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics.
METHODS
A detailed literature search was made using Medline, Embase and Web of Science for related research publications written in English. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. The data were extracted and assessed independently by two reviewers. Analysis of pooled data was performed. The odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio were calculated and summarized.
RESULTS
Final analysis of 911 NSCLC patients from 13 eligible studies was performed. We observed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue; the pooled OR from seven studies including 361 NSCLC and 345 normal lung tissue (OR 7.08, confidence interval 4.12-12.17, P<0.00001). RUNX3 hypermethylation may also be associated with pathological types. The pooled OR was obtained from eleven studies including 271 squamous cell carcinoma and 389 adenocarcinoma (OR 0.41, confidence interval 0.19-0.89, P=0.02), which indicated that RUNX3 hypermethylation is significantly higher in adenocarcinoma that in squamous cell carcinoma. We did not find that RUNX3 hypermethylation was correlated with clinical stage or differentiated status. However, NSCLC patients with RUNX3 hypermethylation had a lower survival rate than those without RUNX3 hypermethylation.
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RUNX3 hypermethylation is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC. RUNX3 hypermethylation, which induces inactivation of the RUNX3 gene, plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis and clinical outcome.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; DNA Methylation; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Risk; Survival Rate
PubMed: 26082616
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S76358 -
Oncology Reports Apr 2015Despite recent advances in the understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), successful surgical treatment and implementation of novel‑targeted... (Review)
Review
Despite recent advances in the understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), successful surgical treatment and implementation of novel‑targeted therapies, the prognosis for RCC patients remains poor. Late presentation, tumor heterogeneity and in particular the lack of molecular biomarkers for early detection, classification and the surveillance of RCC treatments are major obstacles. The increasing knowledge regarding the functional role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in pathophysiological processes may provide an important link to the identification of suitable therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for RCC. The aim of this review was to provide new insight into the function of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RCC and to emphasize their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Chromosomal Instability; DNA Methylation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Kidney Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Proteins; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Prognosis; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Neoplasm; Signal Transduction; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein
PubMed: 25682771
DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3799