-
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024In our times of smartphone ubiquity, mobile applications are an inescapable daily life tool, including in health care. Music therapy has already proven its worth,...
CONTEXT
In our times of smartphone ubiquity, mobile applications are an inescapable daily life tool, including in health care. Music therapy has already proven its worth, notably in mental health. Hence, we were interested in the mobile app format for this type of therapy, its level of evidence, how to use it in daily psychiatric care and the leads for future research and innovation.
METHOD
This study carries out a systematic review of scientific literature of this topic on two search engines, PubMed and PubPsych, using these key-words: [(web-application) OR (web-app) OR (smartphone) OR (apps) OR (app)) AND ((music) OR (music therapy) OR (melody)].
OUTCOME
Out of a total of 282 studies found by keyword, 31 are included in this review. Several outcomes emerge. These studies relate to existing applications like Music Care, Calm or Unwind, on application prototypes or a potential use of music streaming applications on health care. They involve many different populations and clinical situations, including in hospital environments, for patients with chronic illnesses, different age ranges or for the general population. These musical interventions show a significant effect mainly for anxious symptoms, but also for depression, sleep disorders, pain and other psychiatric or psycho-somatic syndromes. These applications have no significant adverse effects.
CONCLUSION
This review shows that music therapy apps have several potentials for improving mental health care. It could assist psychiatric usual care and could potentially lower medication intake. Nevertheless, the studies on the topic are limited and recent but they open prospects for future research.
PubMed: 38911704
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1366575 -
Brain Research Bulletin Jun 2024The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes serious interpersonal problems from childhood to adulthood, one of them being problematic social functioning.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes serious interpersonal problems from childhood to adulthood, one of them being problematic social functioning. This phenomenon in ADHD should be associated with impairments in the Theory of Mind (ToM). Therefore, understanding the neural correlates of the ToM could be crucial for helping individuals with ADHD with their social functioning. Thus, we aimed to review published literature concerning neuroanatomical and functional correlates of ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD.
METHODS
We reviewed studies published between 1970 and 2023. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, after data from three databases were collected, two authors (LN and PM) independently screened all relevant records (n=638) and consequently, both authors did the data extraction. The quality of the included studies (n=5) was measured by a modified version of The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and by measures specific for our study. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020139847).
RESULTS
Results indicated that impairments in performing of the ToM tasks were negatively associated with the grey matter volume in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in both, ADHD and control group. In EEG studies, a significantly greater electrophysiological activity during ToM tasks was observed in the, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in participants with ADHD as compared to healthy subjects.
CONCLUSION
More research is needed to explore the ToM deficits in children with ADHD. Future research might focus on the neural circuits associated with attention and inhibition, which deficits seems to contribute to the ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD.
PubMed: 38906229
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111011 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood which causes a child's behavioral, feeding, and sleep difficulties. It remains a poorly studied...
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood which causes a child's behavioral, feeding, and sleep difficulties. It remains a poorly studied health problem in Africa. The main aim of this study was assessing the pooled prevalence of Cerebral Palsy (CP) and its clinical characteristics in Africa context. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to search articles from electronic databases (Cochrane library, Ovid platform) (Medline, Embase, and Emcare), Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care Database (MIDIRS). The last search date was on 12/05/ 2023 G. C. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled estimates of cerebral palsy and its types. The subgroup analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done. Studies on prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy respectively. A total of 15 articles with (n = 498406 patients) were included for the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy in Africa was found to be 3·34 (2·70, 3·98). The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy accounting 69·30% (66·76, 71·83) of all cases. The second one is quadriplegic cerebral palsy which was found to be 41·49% (33·16, 49·81). Ataxic cerebral palsy accounted 5·36% (3·22, 7·50). On the other hand, dyskinetic cerebral palsy was found to be 10.88% (6·26, 15·49). About 32·10% (19·25, 44.95) of cases were bilateral while 25·17% (16·84, 33·50) were unilateral. The incidence of cerebral palsy in Africa surpasses the reported rates in developed nations. Spastic and quadriplegic subtypes emerge as the most frequently observed. It is recommended to channel initiatives toward the strategic focus on preventive measures, early detection strategies, and comprehensive management protocols.
PubMed: 38905321
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003003 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2024Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing...
Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57-82, I2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55-93, I2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49-79, I2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57-100, I2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22-97, I2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35-64, I2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41-91, I2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63-85, I2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances. Systematic registration: PROSPERO. REG No: CRD42023449462.
PubMed: 38905176
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003388 -
SAGE Open Nursing 2024While vaccines are crucial for disease prevention, disparities in vaccination coverage persist among youths aged 10 to 29 years, including within the United States.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
While vaccines are crucial for disease prevention, disparities in vaccination coverage persist among youths aged 10 to 29 years, including within the United States. Serious games are emerging as a new strategy to address vaccine hesitancy. This systematic review aimed to aggregate and assess the current evidence on game-based interventions to improve youth vaccination rates, evaluating their impact and identifying factors influencing their effectiveness.
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted through a meticulous search and evaluation of literature from databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, ProQuest platform, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they (a) were designed with the purpose of improving youth vaccination rates; (b) were published in English; (c) were published between January 2011 and June 2023; and (d) evaluated the effect of game-based interventions. Search terms included Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords of the eligible articles.
RESULTS
Out of 269 studies, 11 were included in the final analysis of this review. The earliest study dated back to 2013, with 5 being randomized controlled trial and 6 studies incorporating theoretical models in their design or outcome measures. The findings indicated a generally positive effect of game-based interventions on vaccine-related knowledge. However, the impact on actual vaccine uptake was limited. In-game avatar customization and collaboration games were found as effective tools for player engagement.
CONCLUSION
The review findings indicated that serious games boost vaccine knowledge but lack strong evidence for influencing youth vaccine uptake. More rigorous research and tailored game designs are needed to determine the effectiveness of game-based interventions and effectively address the diverse needs of youth in vaccine decision-making.
PubMed: 38903195
DOI: 10.1177/23779608241256998 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Although psychoeducational group interventions are increasingly used for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comprehensive review... (Review)
Review
Psychoeducational group interventions for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review of feasibility, acceptability, and outcome measures.
INTRODUCTION
Although psychoeducational group interventions are increasingly used for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comprehensive review focused on the feasibility and acceptability indicators of these interventions remains lacking. Furthermore, although previous research has explored various aspects of psychoeducation for ADHD, such as its definition and approaches, limited research has focused on the synthesis for outcome measures and patients' experiences related to these interventions. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map the existing evidence reported on psychoeducational group interventions for adults diagnosed with ADHD. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of feasibility indicators, acceptability, and outcome measures used in psychoeducational group interventions.
METHOD
A comprehensive structured literature search on the topic was performed in seven bibliographic databases, and the resulting records were independently screened, and their data extracted by two reviewers. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-S) to ensure the transparency and rigor of this scoping review.
RESULTS
The searches yielded 7510 records. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These included studies were conducted in European countries and the United States. Among these, six studies used a randomized control design, one an open feasibility trial, and one a pre-post intervention design. All the studies reported some feasibility and acceptability indicators. While all the studies reported on the severity of symptoms of ADHD as an outcome measure, some also reported on outcomes related to psychological or mental-health problems, quality of life, changes in knowledge regarding ADHD, or the level of self-esteem, functioning, and impairment.
CONCLUSION
This scoping review revealed that psychoeducational group interventions are generally acceptable for patients in terms of patient satisfaction with the group intervention. All included studies reported some feasibility indicators, with some reporting good attendance and relatively low dropout rates. Most studies reported positive effects on ADHD and mental health symptoms, suggesting that these interventions are beneficial for adults with ADHD. However, several gaps exist regarding the reporting on the feasibility indicators, acceptability, and outcome measures employed across studies.
Topics: Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Psychotherapy, Group; Adult; Feasibility Studies; Patient Education as Topic; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
PubMed: 38902683
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05908-8 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2024Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to maternal and child health. Vaping is used for smoking cessation but evidence on health effects during pregnancy is scarce. We...
INTRODUCTION
Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to maternal and child health. Vaping is used for smoking cessation but evidence on health effects during pregnancy is scarce. We conducted a systematic review of health outcomes of vaping during pregnancy.
METHODS
We searched six databases for maternal/fetal/infant outcomes and vaping, including quantitative, English language, human studies of vaping during pregnancy, to November 10th, 2023. We assessed study quality with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. We focused on comparisons of exclusive-vaping with non-use of nicotine and tobacco products and with smoking. Presentation is narrative as the studies were of insufficient quality to conduct meta-analysis.
RESULTS
We included 26 studies, with 765,527 women, with one randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing vaping and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation, 23 cohort studies and two case-control studies. While the RCT met 4/5 quality criteria, the quality of the cohort studies and case-control studies was poor; none adequately assessed exposure to smoking and vaping. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping with 'non-use', more reported no increased risk for vaping (three studies) than reported increased risk for maternal pregnancy/postpartum outcomes (one study) and for fetal and infant outcomes (20 studies no increased risk, four increased risk), except for birth-weight and neurological outcomes where two studies each observed increased and no increased risk. When the RCT compared non-users with those not smoking but vaping or using NRT, irrespective of randomisation, they reported no evidence of risk for vaping/NRT. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, most studies provided evidence for a comparable risk for different outcomes. One maternal biomarker study revealed a lower risk for vaping. For small-for-gestational-age/mean-birth-centile equal numbers of studies found lower risk for vaping than for smoking as found similar risk for the two groups (two each).
CONCLUSIONS
While more studies found no evidence of increased risk of exclusive-vaping compared with non-use and evidence of comparable risk for exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, the quality of the evidence limits conclusions. Without adequate assessment of exposure to vaping and smoking, findings cannot be attributed to behaviour as many who vape will have smoked and many who vape may do so at low levels.
STUDY REGISTRATION
https://osf.io/rfx4q/ .
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Vaping; Pregnancy Outcome; Smoking Cessation; Pregnancy Complications; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 38902658
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06633-6 -
PloS One 2024Depression is a very common psychiatric disorder in worldwide. Globally, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is highly prevalent among women, and are disproportionately... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is a very common psychiatric disorder in worldwide. Globally, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is highly prevalent among women, and are disproportionately affected by depression. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence which could highly be affected by depression is yet to be explored effectively. Depression affects overall poor HIV clinical outcomes, socioeconomic and social interactions. However, it is not well understood specifically how depression affects ART adherence in women living with HIV (WLWHIV). Investigating the effects of depression on ART adherence is critical in order to develop nuanced new evidence to address non-adherence in WLWHIV.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analysis on the correlation between depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among women living with HIV in the globe.
METHOD
Using population, exposed and outcome approach, we searched Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Psych info, Web of science and google scholar for cohort and cross-sectional studies globally. The search strategy was structured comprising terms associated with antiretroviral therapy and adherence, women living with HIV and depression. We evaluated the paper quality, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales (NOS). The fixed effect model was used to analysis the effect of depression on ART adherence.
RESULT
A total of 8 articles comprise 6474 participants were included in this study. There were controversial findings related to the effect of depression to ART adherence. Among three cross-sectional study, one article demonstrating, depression was associated with ART adherence. Of the five cohort studies, four cohort studies reported association. The overall pooled estimated effect of depression on ART adherence was 1.02 [RR = 1.015 with 95% CI (1.004, 1.026)] with a p-value of 0.005.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Depression was the risk factor for ART adherence among women living with HIV. It is therefore, necessary for clinician to note this and perform screening for ART adherence.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The review protocol was developed with prospero registration: CRD42023415935.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Female; Depression; Medication Adherence; Anti-HIV Agents
PubMed: 38900748
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300106 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Psychotic disorders have long been considered neurodevelopmental disorders where excessive synaptic pruning and cortical volume loss are central to disease pathology. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Psychotic disorders have long been considered neurodevelopmental disorders where excessive synaptic pruning and cortical volume loss are central to disease pathology. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify neuroimaging studies specifically examining synaptic density across the psychosis spectrum.
METHODS
PRISMA guidelines on reporting were followed. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library from inception to December 8, 2023, and included all original peer-reviewed articles or completed clinical neuroimaging studies of any modality measuring synaptic density in participants with a diagnosis of psychosis spectrum disorder as well as individuals with psychosis-risk states. The NIH quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was used for the risk of bias assessment.
RESULTS
Five studies (k = 5) met inclusion criteria, comprising n = 128 adults (psychotic disorder; n = 61 and healthy volunteers; n = 67 and specifically measuring synaptic density via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A). Three studies were included in our primary meta-analysis sharing the same outcome measure of SV2A binding, volume of distribution (V). Regional SV2A V was reduced in psychotic disorder participants in comparison to healthy volunteers, including the occipital lobe (Mean Difference (MD)= -2.17; 95% CI: -3.36 to -0.98; P < 0.001 ), temporal lobe (MD: -2.03; 95% CI: -3.19 to -0.88; P < 0.001 ), parietal lobe (MD:-1.61; 95% CI: -2.85 to -0.37; P = 0.01), anterior cingulate cortex (MD= -1.47; 95% CI: -2.45 to -0.49; P = 0.003), frontal cortex (MD: -1.16; 95% CI: -2.18 to -0.15; P = 0.02), amygdala (MD: -1.36; 95% CI: -2.20 to -0.52, p = 0.002), thalamus (MD:-1.46; 95% CI:-2.46 to -0.46, p = 0.004) and hippocampus (MD= -0.96; 95% CI: -1.59 to -0.33; P = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary studies provide in vivo evidence for reduced synaptic density in psychotic disorders. However, replication of findings in larger samples is required prior to definitive conclusions being drawn.
PROSPERO
CRD42022359018.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Neuroimaging; Synapses; Positron-Emission Tomography; Brain; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins
PubMed: 38898401
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05788-y -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2024Successful usage of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) has been demonstrated in some clinical trials. However, its efficacy and safety have not been verified. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Successful usage of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) has been demonstrated in some clinical trials. However, its efficacy and safety have not been verified. This latest systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the effects of autologous epidermal cell suspensions in re-epithelialization of skin lesions.
METHODS
Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructureris, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and Wanfang database. The primary output measure was the healing time, and the secondary outputs were effective rate, size of donor site for treatment, size of study treatment area, operation time, pain scores, repigmentation, complications, scar scale scores and satisfaction scores. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risk (RR), mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, with 914 patients who received autologous epidermal cell suspensions (treatment group) and 883 patients who received standard care or placebo (control group). The pooled data from all included studies demonstrated that the treatment group has significantly reduced healing time (SMD = -0.86; 95% CI: -1.59-0.14; p = 0.02, I= 95%), size of donar site for treatment (MD = -115.41; 95% CI: -128.74-102.09; p<0.001, I= 89%), operation time (MD = 25.35; 95% CI: 23.42-27.29; p<0.001, I= 100%), pain scores (SMD = -1.88; 95% CI: -2.86-0.90; p = 0.0002, I= 89%) and complications (RR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36-0.96; p = 0.03, I= 66%), as well as significantly increased effective rate (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42; p = 0.04, I= 77%). There were no significant differences in the size of study treatment area, repigmentation, scar scale scores and satisfaction scores between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis showed that autologous epidermal cell suspensions is beneficial for re-epithelialization of skin lesions as they significantly reduce the healing time, size of donar site for treatment, operation time, pain scores and complications, as well as increased effective rate. However, this intervention has minimal impact on size of treatment area, repigmentation, scar scale scores and satisfaction scores.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Epidermal Cells; Transplantation, Autologous; Re-Epithelialization; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 38898373
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13820