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Health Promotion Perspectives Mar 2024In current years, the increase in older population has led to creating one of the main public health challenges, worldwide. Because of the special characteristics of...
BACKGROUND
In current years, the increase in older population has led to creating one of the main public health challenges, worldwide. Because of the special characteristics of older adults, this age group is exposed to possible problems, such as mental and physical disorders, that usually affect their functional independence. The study aimed to determine the psychosocial determinants (e.g., depression, social support, and self-efficacy) affecting functional independence among older population.
METHODS
Our search was conducted on three international databases (Web of Sciences, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus) for all the observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort or longitudinal designs) on the social and psychological determinants of functional independence among older adults. Papers published in English without limitation of time were reviewed from inception to 26 August 2023. The quality assessment tool was the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The I2 index was used to quantify the degree of heterogeneity among the studies. In the case of heterogeneity higher than 50%, the random effects model has been used for overall estimation of the effects; otherwise, the fixed effects model was used. The pooled associations were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Stata version 14 software (StataCorp LP) was used for data analysis. The significance level was considered at 0.05.
RESULTS
In the initial search, 6978 articles were retrieved, and finally, considering the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were examined. Finally, 18 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. The findings indicated that among all the determinants affecting functional independence among older adults, depression could lead to a 76% increase in functional dependence.
CONCLUSION
The findings provide a statistically significant relationship between psychosocial factors and functional independence. Depression was the strongest determinant of functional dependence among older adults.
PubMed: 38623346
DOI: 10.34172/hpp.42354 -
BMC Palliative Care Apr 2024Breathlessness is a prevalent symptom affecting the quality of life (QOL) of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. This systematic review explored the...
BACKGROUND
Breathlessness is a prevalent symptom affecting the quality of life (QOL) of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. This systematic review explored the interventions for controlling breathlessness in ALS patients, emphasizing palliative care (PALC), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), opioids, and non-pharmacological strategies.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Eligibility criteria encompassed adults with ALS or motor neuron disease experiencing breathlessness. Outcomes included QOL and symptom control. Study designs comprised qualitative studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials.
RESULTS
Eight studies were included, most exhibiting low bias risk, comprising one randomized controlled trial, three cohort studies, two comparative retrospective studies, and two qualitative studies (interviews). Most studies originated from Europe, with one from the United States of America. The participants totaled 3423, with ALS patients constituting 95.6%. PALC consultations significantly improved symptom assessment, advance care planning, and discussions about goals of care. NIV demonstrated efficacy in managing breathlessness, with considerations for device limitations. Opioids were effective, though predominantly studied in non-ALS patients. Non-pharmacological strategies varied in efficacy among patients.
CONCLUSION
The findings underscore the need for individualized approaches in managing breathlessness in ALS. PALC, NIV, opioids, and non-pharmacological strategies each play a role, with unique considerations. Further research, especially ALS-specific self-management studies, is warranted.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Motor Neuron Disease; Noninvasive Ventilation; Dyspnea
PubMed: 38622643
DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01429-z -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Apr 2024Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's self-confidence. Considering the conflicting results regarding the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression.
METHOD
In this systematic review, published articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched using English keywords "Self-efficacy, breastfeeding, breastfeeding Self-efficacy, depression, postpartum depression" without publication date limit. Data analysis was done with employing STATA14 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I index which was 0%. Therefore, the fixed effects method was used to combine the data and perform meta-analysis.
RESULT
The results of the meta-analysis showed that based on the fixed effect method, depression was associated with decreased breastfeeding self-efficacy on the first day (SMD = 0.62, 95%CI: -0.830, -0.41, p = 0.0001) and on the third day (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: -0.55,1.14, p = 0.0001). The Begg and Manzumdar test revealed no publication bias, with p = 0.317.
CONCLUSION
Postpartum depression may be associated with a decrease in the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy and placing mother in a condition to pay low attention to her maternal role. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate support according to the needs of mothers and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to improve the level of maternal health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Self Efficacy; Breast Feeding; Mothers; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38609849
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06465-4 -
Medicine Apr 2024Pain transcends simple physiology, encompassing biological, emotional, psychological, and social facets. Children show pronounced immediate and enduring responses to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Pain transcends simple physiology, encompassing biological, emotional, psychological, and social facets. Children show pronounced immediate and enduring responses to pain-related procedures. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Buzzy device for needle-related procedures in children aged twelve years or younger.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to July 2023. Only randomized controlled trials utilizing the Buzzy device for needle-related procedures in children under twelve years old were included. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Random-effects models were utilized, and analyses were performed using mean differences or standardized mean differences as well as risk ratios.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included, involving 2846 participants (Buzzy = 1095, Control = 1751). Compared to no intervention, the Buzzy device significantly reduced pain response [self-report SMD = -1.90 (-2.45, -1.36), parental SMD = -3.04 (-4.09, -1.99), observer SMD = -2.88 (-3.75, -2.02)] and anxiety scores [self-report SMD = -1.97 (-3.05, -0.88), parental SMD = -2.01 (-2.93, -1.08), observer SMD = -1.92 (-2.64, -1.19)]. Compared to virtual reality (VR), the Buzzy device reduced self-reported anxiety levels SMD = -0.47 (-0.77, -0.17), and compared to distraction cards, the Buzzy device reduced parental and observer-reported pain [parental SMD = -0.85 (-1.22, -0.48), observer SMD = -0.70 (-1.00, -0.40)] and anxiety [parental SMD = -0.96 (-1.46, -0.47), observer SMD = -0.91 (-1.40, -0.42)]. Subgroup analysis results showed that procedure type, patient age, measurement scales used, and distance of operation were not the reason of heterogeneity. The summarized first puncture attempt success rate did not differ from other interventions. There were no significant adverse events in the included studies.
CONCLUSION
The Buzzy device reduces pain and anxiety in children during needle procedures, ensuring success and safety. Additionally, the effectiveness of the Buzzy device in reducing pain during venipuncture is superior when compared to its effectiveness during intramuscular injections.
Topics: Child; Humans; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Emotions; Injections, Intramuscular; Pain
PubMed: 38608108
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037522 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2024Dengue is a global health problem of high significance, with 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The geographic expansion of dengue virus (DENV) infection has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dengue is a global health problem of high significance, with 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The geographic expansion of dengue virus (DENV) infection has resulted in increased frequency and severity of the disease, and the number of deaths has increased in recent years. Wolbachia,an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont, has been under investigation for several years as a novel dengue-control strategy. Some dengue vectors (Aedes mosquitoes) can be transinfected with specific strains of Wolbachia, which decreases their fitness (ability to survive and mate) and their ability to reproduce, inhibiting the replication of dengue. Both laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the potential effect of Wolbachia deployments on reducing dengue transmission, and modelling studies have suggested that this may be a self-sustaining strategy for dengue prevention, although long-term effects are yet to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy of Wolbachia-carrying Aedes speciesdeployments (specifically wMel-, wMelPop-, and wAlbB- strains of Wolbachia) for preventing dengue virus infection.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, and two trial registries up to 24 January 2024.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster-randomized controlled trials (cRCTs), conducted in dengue endemic or epidemic-prone settings were eligible. We sought studies that investigated the impact of Wolbachia-carrying Aedes deployments on epidemiological or entomological dengue-related outcomes, utilizing either the population replacement or population suppression strategy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. We used odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the effect measure for dichotomous outcomes. For count/rate outcomes, we planned to use the rate ratio with 95% CI as the effect measure. We used adjusted measures of effect for cRCTs. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE.
MAIN RESULTS
One completed cRCT met our inclusion criteria, and we identified two further ongoing cRCTs. The included trial was conducted in an urban setting in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It utilized a nested test-negative study design, whereby all participants aged three to 45 years who presented at healthcare centres with a fever were enrolled in the study provided they had resided in the study area for the previous 10 nights. The trial showed that wMel-Wolbachia infected Ae aegypti deployments probably reduce the odds of contracting virologically confirmed dengue by 77% (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35; 1 trial, 6306 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The cluster-level prevalence of wMel Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes remained high over two years in the intervention arm of the trial, reported as 95.8% (interquartile range 91.5 to 97.8) across 27 months in clusters receiving wMel-Wolbachia Ae aegypti deployments, but there were no reliable comparative data for this outcome. Other primary outcomes were the incidence of virologically confirmed dengue, the prevalence of dengue ribonucleic acid in the mosquito population, and mosquito density, but there were no data for these outcomes. Additionally, there were no data on adverse events.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The included trial demonstrates the potential significant impact of wMel-Wolbachia-carrying Ae aegypti mosquitoes on preventing dengue infection in an endemic setting, and supports evidence reported in non-randomized and uncontrolled studies. Further trials across a greater diversity of settings are required to confirm whether these findings apply to other locations and country settings, and greater reporting of acceptability and cost are important.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aedes; Wolbachia; Dengue Virus; Mosquito Vectors; Dengue
PubMed: 38597256
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015636.pub2 -
Rheumatology Advances in Practice 2024We aimed to investigate the efficacy of lifestyle interventions for the management of SSc. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to investigate the efficacy of lifestyle interventions for the management of SSc.
METHODS
We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL databases in June 2021. We included studies conducted on five or more patients with SSc published between 1 January 2000 and the search date evaluating lifestyle interventions, excluding systematic reviews without meta-analyses. Critical appraisal was conducted using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Thirty-six studies were included for full-text evaluation.
RESULTS
A total of 17 studies evaluated the effect of physical exercise alone, whereas 14 studies evaluated educational interventions for mental health management, often with physical exercise as a central component. At an aggregated level, these studies support patient education and physical exercise for the improvement of physical function, in particular hand and mouth function. Studies on diet and nutrition were few ( = 5) and pertained to gastrointestinal as well as anthropometric outcomes; these studies were insufficient to support any conclusions.
CONCLUSION
Physical exercise and patient education should be considered for improving physical function in patients with SSc. These interventions can be provided alongside pharmacotherapy, but there is no evidence supporting that they can be a substitute. Further research should aim at assessing the effects of reductions of harmful exposures, including tobacco smoking and alcohol, improving sleep and enhancing social relations, three hitherto underexplored facets of lifestyle in the context of SSc.
PubMed: 38590950
DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae037 -
Investigacion Y Educacion En Enfermeria Jun 2023To synthesize the evidence of studies with educational interventions for adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in primary health care settings. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the evidence of studies with educational interventions for adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in primary health care settings.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted following the recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and by the PRISMA declaration. The protocol was registered in INPLASY20215009. The search was carried out in: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and grey literature.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were included; most were randomized clinical trials of which 65% were conducted in high-income countries, and all the studies represented 5 656 participants. The results showed four big categories derived from educational interventions: therapeutic adherence (significant results on the satisfaction with the treatment); self-care and self-management in diabetes (improvement in self-efficacy, empowerment, and disease awareness); glycemic control in diabetes (significant results in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin); nursing and its role in the educational interventions on patients with DM2 (guidance in restructuring behaviors).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this review suggest that educational interventions on patients with DM2 within the setting of primary health care can impact positively on therapeutic adherence, self-control, and knowledge of the disease. Moreover, it was possible to identify the influence of multidisciplinary health teams, where the relevance of nursing professionals in the construction and implementation of educational interventions is evidenced in obtaining better health results.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Self Care; Primary Health Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38589333
DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v41n2e15 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024The literature brings to light the unhealthy nutritional habits prevalent among Asian adolescents and their high level of body image dissatisfaction. This study aims to...
BACKGROUND
The literature brings to light the unhealthy nutritional habits prevalent among Asian adolescents and their high level of body image dissatisfaction. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effect of nutritional education interventions on their nutritional knowledge and food intake behavior, attitude, practice, and body image.
METHODS
We searched relevant published studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer using the PICO framework and performed a quality assessment using the 10-point checklist adapted from the National Institutes for Health tool.
RESULTS
The majority of the nutritional education interventions improve unhealthy food intake and body image misperception, particularly on nutritional knowledge/self-efficacy, healthy dietary habits, physical activities, and fruit and vegetable intake. We also found a negative association with excess weight gain, obesity, and unethical weight reduction practices, leading to dissatisfaction with body image.
CONCLUSION
These interventions can help address dietary problems and body image perception and support the development of future interventions.
PubMed: 38585614
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1287237 -
Cureus Mar 2024Ayahuasca is an original Amazonian brew made from the vines and leaves of and Both give this brew its unique psychedelic properties which have been revered over... (Review)
Review
Ayahuasca is an original Amazonian brew made from the vines and leaves of and Both give this brew its unique psychedelic properties which have been revered over centuries. In recent years, ayahuasca has gained attention as a potential therapeutic tool for mental health disorders, including substance abuse and depression. The uniqueness of ayahuasca's therapeutic potential is that it is an amalgamation of its biochemical makeup and the ritual guided by a shaman, along with the interpretation of the participant of their experience. The boom of "ayahuasca tourism" has brought forth testimonies of feeling "cured" of depression, and substance abuse and an improvement in overall well-being. This systematic literature review focuses on summarizing the recently available research on the effectiveness of ayahuasca as a treatment for depression, anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It also focuses on understanding the effects it has on personality traits that play a significant role in the manifestation of the above-listed mental health conditions effects. Additionally, the review investigates the importance and role the ritual itself plays, often described as the "mystical experience". This systematic literature review aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the use of ayahuasca for numerous mental health conditions by analyzing medical research papers published no earlier than September 2017 to no later than May 2023 from Google Scholar and PubMed. A total of 43 articles met the criteria and were used for detailed analysis. This review will synthesize the findings of the studies, examining the potential therapeutic effects of ayahuasca on multiple mental health disorders, the significance of the "mystical experience," and the mechanisms of action underlying its effects. Through the review, ayahuasca proves to be a worthwhile therapeutic tool that if used in the right setting influences mind, body, and spirit. It is important to note that most studies used in this article relied on surveys and self-reporting proving to be a limitation as no clear standard has been achieved to test the efficacy of ayahuasca. The respect for the culture and origin needs to be retained as Western medicine dwells deeper into ayahuasca's benefits.
PubMed: 38576633
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55574 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Apr 2024To assess the effectiveness and safety of ear moulds for congenital auricle deformities. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness and safety of ear moulds for congenital auricle deformities.
METHODS
Databases including Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM) and Web of Science were systematically reviewed. Randomised controlled trials (RCT), non-randomised control trials (non-RCT), quasi-randomised control trials (quasi-RCT) and self-controlled before-after trials were also included. Data extraction was independently conducted by two authors. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBIN-I) was used to evaluate the risk bias. Heterogeneity was assessed using I and chi-square tests. Effective rate, adverse reaction rate and their 95%CI were calculated. Funnel plots, Begg's test as well as sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.
RESULTS
The analysis encompassed ten studies, comprising one RCT and nine self-controlled before-after trials, involving 1860 ears (1248 children). The pooled effective rate and adverse reaction rate of ear mould were 91% (95% CI: 0.87-0.94) and 9% (95%CI: 0.02-0.17), respectively. No serious adverse reactions were reported. The effective rate of ear mould intervention showed no significant difference between age at correction≤42 days group (90%, 95%CI: 0.85-0.94) and that >42 days group (93%, 95%CI: 0.83-0.99). Similarly, there was no statistical difference in the correction efficiency between duration of wearing ear mould≤30 days group (90%, 95%CI: 0.85-0.94) and that >30 days group (92%, 95%CI: 0.86-0.96). The effective rate for correcting cryptotia ear (98%, P < 0.001), cup ear (93%, P = 0.004) and prominent ear (90%, P = 0.014) was higher than that of helical rim deformity (66%).
CONCLUSIONS
In the short term, the use of ear moulds is effective and safe in correcting congenital auricle deformities. Notably, the correction efficacy for cryptotia, cup ear and prominent ear deformities surpasses that of helical rim deformities. However, further research is required to ascertain the impact of the duration of wearing on the correction of congenital auricle deformities.
PubMed: 38574649
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.111903