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Particle and Fibre Toxicology Mar 2024Crystalline silica (cSiO) is a mineral found in rocks; workers from the construction or denim industries are particularly exposed to cSiO through inhalation. cSiO...
BACKGROUND
Crystalline silica (cSiO) is a mineral found in rocks; workers from the construction or denim industries are particularly exposed to cSiO through inhalation. cSiO inhalation increases the risk of silicosis and systemic autoimmune diseases. Inhaled cSiO microparticles can reach the alveoli where they induce inflammation, cell death, auto-immunity and fibrosis but the specific molecular pathways involved in these cSiO effects remain unclear. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive state of the art on omic approaches and exposure models used to study the effects of inhaled cSiO in mice and rats and to highlight key results from omic data in rodents also validated in human.
METHODS
The protocol of systematic review follows PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Eligible articles were identified in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. The search strategy included original articles published after 1990 and written in English which included mouse or rat models exposed to cSiO and utilized omic approaches to identify pathways modulated by cSiO. Data were extracted and quality assessment was based on the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool for animal studies.
RESULTS
Rats and male rodents were the more used models while female rodents and autoimmune prone models were less studied. Exposure of animals were both acute and chronic and the timing of outcome measurement through omics approaches were homogeneously distributed. Transcriptomic techniques were more commonly performed while proteomic, metabolomic and single-cell omic methods were less utilized. Immunity and inflammation were the main domains modified by cSiO exposure in lungs of mice and rats. Less than 20% of the results obtained in rodents were finally verified in humans.
CONCLUSION
Omic technics offer new insights on the effects of cSiO exposure in mice and rats although the majority of data still need to be validated in humans. Autoimmune prone model should be better characterised and systemic effects of cSiO need to be further studied to better understand cSiO-induced autoimmunity. Single-cell omics should be performed to inform on pathological processes induced by cSiO exposure.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Inflammation; Lung; Proteomics; Silicon Dioxide; Silicosis; Mice
PubMed: 38429797
DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00573-x -
Indian Journal of Occupational and... 2023Tuberculosis (TB) and Silicosis are public health problems with high morbidity and mortality. They also exist as comorbidities and are highly prevalent among mine...
CONTEXT
Tuberculosis (TB) and Silicosis are public health problems with high morbidity and mortality. They also exist as comorbidities and are highly prevalent among mine workers.
AIMS
This study aims to estimate the risk of TB in miners with silicosis than in miners not having silicosis.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
This systematic review was conducted by literature search using PubMed, and EMBASE for studies published from 1 Jan 2017 till 20 July 2022. From the data obtained using relevant keywords for the search, a total of 345 articles were selected for screening after applying our inclusion-exclusion criteria and removing duplicates. PRISMA guidelines were followed. items JBI critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies was used for assessment of the risk of bias. The odds ratio was used to estimate the strength of the association.
RESULTS
After extensive screening, four studies have met our selection criteria. The meta-analysis of those studies revealed that the prevalence of TB in miners with silicosis is 27.11% while the prevalence of TB in miners with non-silicosis is 16.75%. The estimated pooled odds ratio (fixed effect model) is 1.34 (95% CI 1.01 - 1.76).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study reveals that there is an increased risk of TB in miners with Silicosis. Newer initiatives must be taken to prevent TB in miners.
PubMed: 38390483
DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_287_22 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Jan 2024Molecular pathways found to be important in pulmonary fibrosis are also involved in cancer pathogenesis, suggesting common pathways in the development of pulmonary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Molecular pathways found to be important in pulmonary fibrosis are also involved in cancer pathogenesis, suggesting common pathways in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer.
RESEARCH QUESTION
Is pulmonary fibrosis from exposure to occupational carcinogens an independent risk factor for lung cancer?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases with over 100 search terms regarding occupational hazards causing pulmonary fibrosis was conducted. After screening and extraction, quality of evidence and eligibility criteria for meta-analysis were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
52 studies were identified for systematic review. Meta-analysis of subgroups identified silicosis as a risk factor for lung cancer when investigating odds ratios for silicosis in autopsy studies (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13-1.90) and for lung cancer mortality in patients with silicosis (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.67-3.87). Only considering studies with an adjustment for smoking as a confounder identified a significant increase in lung cancer risk (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.34-1.87). However, due to a lack of studies including cumulative exposure, no adjustments could be included. In a qualitative review, no definitive conclusion could be reached for asbestosis and silicosis as independent risk factors for lung cancer, partly because the studies did not take cumulative exposure into account.
INTERPRETATION
This systematic review confirms the current knowledge regarding asbestosis and silicosis, indicating a higher risk of lung cancer in exposed individuals compared to exposed workers without fibrosis. These individuals should be monitored for lung cancer, especially when asbestosis or silicosis is present.
Topics: Humans; Silicon Dioxide; Lung Neoplasms; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Asbestosis; Silicosis; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 38355151
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0224-2023 -
Cureus Jan 2024This systematic review examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing lung disorders through a comprehensive analysis of articles... (Review)
Review
This systematic review examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing lung disorders through a comprehensive analysis of articles spanning 2014 to 2023. Evaluating AI's multifaceted roles in radiological imaging, disease burden prediction, detection, diagnosis, and molecular mechanisms, this review presents a critical synthesis of key insights from select articles. The findings underscore AI's significant strides in bolstering diagnostic accuracy, interpreting radiological imaging, predicting disease burdens, and deepening the understanding of tuberculosis (TB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), silicosis, pneumoconiosis, and lung fibrosis. The synthesis positions AI as a revolutionary tool within the healthcare system, offering vital implications for healthcare workers, policymakers, and researchers in comprehending and leveraging AI's pivotal role in lung disease management.
PubMed: 38313926
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51581 -
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine Nov 2023Among present reports, the T/G allelic variation at the rs2609255 locus of the family sequence similarity gene 13A (FAM13A) was considerable associated with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Among present reports, the T/G allelic variation at the rs2609255 locus of the family sequence similarity gene 13A (FAM13A) was considerable associated with susceptibility to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). In this study, we summarized relevant studies and applied a meta-analysis to explore whether the polymorphism of rs2609255 site of the FAM13A gene can be utilized to predict susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients or rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) or silicosis patients in different populations for the first time.
METHODS
We compared the frequency of G allele on rs2609255 site of FAM13A between the control subjects and IPF or RA-ILD or silicosis patients from different races by using meta-analysis. Nine studies were involved in this meta-analysis, including five IPF studies, two RA-ILD studies, and two silicosis studies, and containing 14 subgroups. We conducted separate meta-analyses for different races.
RESULTS
In all individuals, a substantial link between the G allele of the FAM13A rs2609255 polymorphism and IPF (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.33-1.63, p < 0.00001) was indicated. After dividing by ethnicity, the G allele was illustrated to be considerable correlation with IPF in Asian (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.81-3.81, p < 0.00001) and with RA-ILD individuals (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.26-8.49, p = 0.01). Conversely, there was no correlation with the G allele and IPF in European individuals (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.89-1.83, p = 0.13) or silicosis in Chinese individuals (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.99-1.46, p = 0.07).
CONCLUSION
This is the first meta-analysis that provides evidence that the rs2609255 of FAM13A might increase susceptibility to RA-ILD, and IPF especially in Asian but not in European individuals, and not be correlated with silicosis in Chinese individuals, which indicated the differences in susceptibility to disease by race were noteworthy.
Topics: Humans; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Polymorphism, Genetic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Silicosis; GTPase-Activating Proteins
PubMed: 37786320
DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2279 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2023An estimated 44 million artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM), largely based in developing economies, face significant occupational risks for respiratory diseases which...
An estimated 44 million artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM), largely based in developing economies, face significant occupational risks for respiratory diseases which have not been reviewed. We therefore aimed to review studies that describe silicosis and tuberculosis prevalence and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposures among ASM and use background evidence to better understand the relationship between exposures and disease outcomes. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase for studies published before the 24th March 2023. Our primary outcome of interest was silicosis or tuberculosis among ASM. Secondary outcomes included measurements of respirable dust or silica, spirometry and prevalence of respiratory symptoms. A systematic review and narrative synthesis was performed and risk of bias assessed using the Joanna Briggs Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. Logistic and Poisson regression models with predefined parameters were used to estimate silicosis prevalence and tuberculosis incidence at different distributions of cumulative silica exposure. We identified 18 eligible studies that included 29,562 miners from 13 distinct populations in 10 countries. Silicosis prevalence ranged from 11 to 37%, despite four of five studies reporting an average median duration of mining of <6 years. Tuberculosis prevalence was high; microbiologically confirmed disease ranged from 1.8 to 6.1% and clinical disease 3.0 to 17%. Average RCS intensity was very high (range 0.19-89.5 mg/m3) and respiratory symptoms were common. Our modelling demonstrated decreases in cumulative RCS are associated with reductions in silicosis and tuberculosis, with greater reductions at higher mean exposures. Despite potential selection and measurement bias, prevalence of silicosis and tuberculosis were high in the studies identified in this review. Our modelling demonstrated the greatest respiratory health benefits of reducing RCS are in those with highest exposures. ASM face a high occupational respiratory disease burden which can be reduced by low-cost and effective reductions in RCS.
PubMed: 37733799
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002085 -
Pulmonology Jun 2023Silicosis mostly happens in workers with high silica exposure and may accompany the development of various diseases like tuberculosis, cancer, or autoimmune diseases.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Silicosis mostly happens in workers with high silica exposure and may accompany the development of various diseases like tuberculosis, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. The term silico-tuberculosis describes a condition in which an individual is affected by both silicosis and tuberculosis at the same time. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the risk of tuberculosis in silicosis patients and individuals exposed to silica dust.
METHODS
We performed a systematic search for relevant studies up to 6 September 2022 using PubMed/ Medline, and Embase with the following keywords in titles or abstracts: "silicosis" OR "silicoses" OR "pneumoconiosis" OR "pneumoconioses" AND "tuberculosis". Cohort and case-control studies containing relevant and original information about tuberculosis infection in silicosis patients were included for further analysis. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relative risk of tuberculosis in individuals with silicosis compared to those without; these were evaluated using the random effects model due to the estimated heterogeneity of the true effect sizes.
RESULTS
Out of 5352 potentially relevant articles, 7 studies were eligible for systematic review, of which 4 cohort studies were included for meta-analysis. The total population of all studies was 5884, and 90.63% were male. The mean age of participants was 47.7 years. Our meta-analysis revealed a pooled risk ratio of 1.35 (95%CI 1.18-1.53, I : 94.30%) which means an increased risk of silicosis patients and silica-exposed individuals to tuberculosis infection.
CONCLUSION
Silicosis and silica dust exposure increase the risk of tuberculosis. Therefore, we suggest that individuals with long-time silica exposure, like mine workers, be routinely considered for both silicosis and tuberculosis screening programs.
PubMed: 37349198
DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.05.001 -
Indian Journal of Occupational and... 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluates a relationship between occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and serum copper (Cu) levels as an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluates a relationship between occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and serum copper (Cu) levels as an indicator for early detection of silicosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted, and the quality of results was evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The following databases were searched, including Web of Sciences, Scopus, and PubMed from inception until November 2021. The following keywords were selected for searching in the mentioned databases including, "copper" OR "serum copper" AND "silicosis". The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of Cu was extracted for both silicosis and non-silicosis subjects. The differences in mean effect size were pooled using the random-effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using the I value and Begg's test and Egger's test, respectively.
RESULTS
A total of 159 studies were initially found, among which eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effect meta-analysis of these eight studies showed that silicosis patients had higher copper levels than the non-silicosis group with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of 3.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.25, 5.78); I = 99.3%, value < 0.001. The subgroup analysis showed that the corresponding figures in those with mean age >40 years and <40 years were 5.79 (2.06, 9.52) and -0.43 (-4.57, 3.70), respectively. Moreover, no publication bias was found in the analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study demonstrated that silica exposure may be associated with increasing serum Cu levels.
PubMed: 37303997
DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_99_22 -
Archives of Public Health = Archives... May 2023Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is effective in preventing progression to TB disease. This study aimed to synthesize available evidence on the...
Efficacy and safety of different regimens in the treatment of patients with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is effective in preventing progression to TB disease. This study aimed to synthesize available evidence on the efficacy, adherence, and safety of LTBI treatment in order to assist policymakers to design appropriate national treatment policies and treatment protocols.
METHOD
The PRISMA-NMA was used to review and report this research. Randomized controlled trials which compared the efficacy and safety of LTBI treatments were included. A systematic literature search was done to identify relevant articles from online databases PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Center for Clinical Trial database (CENTRAL). The network meta-analysis was done using R- studio Version 1.4.1103.
RESULT
In this review, 42 studies were included, which enrolled 46,022 people who had recent contact with patients with active tuberculosis, evidence radiological of previous tuberculosis, tuberculin test equal or greater than 5 mm, radiographs that indicated inactive fibrotic or calcified parenchymal and/or lymph node lesions, had conversion to positive results on a tuberculin skin test, participants living with HIV, chronic Silicosis, immigrants, prisoners, old people, and pregnant women who were at risk for latent TB were included. The incidence of TB among people living with HIV who have taken 3RH as TPT was lower, followed by 48%,followed by 6H (41%). However, 3HP has also the potential to reduce the incidence of TB by 36% among HIV negative patients who had TB contact history. Patients' adherence to TPT was higher among patients who have taken 4R (RR 1.38 95% CI 1.0,1.89) followed by 3RH (34%). The proportion of subjects who permanently discontinued a study drug because of an adverse event were three times higher in the 3RH treatment group. Furthermore, the risk of grade 3 and 4 liver toxicity was significantly higher in 9H followed by 1HP, and 6H.
CONCLUSION
From this review, it can be concluded 3RH and 6H has a significant impact on the reduction of TB incidence among PLWH and 3HP among HIV negative people who had TB contact history. However, combinations of rifampicin either with isoniazid were significantly associated with adverse events which resulted in permanent discontinuation among adult patients. Furthermore, grade 3 and 4 liver toxicity was more common in patents who have taken 9H, 1HP, and 6H. This may support the current recommended TPT regimen of 3HP, 3RH, and 6H.
PubMed: 37143101
DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01098-z -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2023The recent increase in silicosis cases in several countries casts doubt on dust control practices and their effectiveness in preventing respirable crystalline silica... (Review)
Review
The recent increase in silicosis cases in several countries casts doubt on dust control practices and their effectiveness in preventing respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure. Apart from silicosis, RCS may lead to other illnesses, health-related quality of life losses for workers and their families, and economic losses for companies. Thus, this systematic literature review examined the effectiveness of interventions employed to prevent exposure to RCS and increase the use of dust control measures. The review used keywords related to dust control interventions to search seven databases. Search results were screened and extracted for synthesis. The narrative synthesis showed the extent of research investment in China. In several designs and combinations, the interventions utilized water, surfactant, foam, and air currents to reduce dust exposure. These interventions offer varying degrees of dust control effectiveness against RCS and respirable dust. Although evidence indicates that interventions significantly decrease dust concentration levels, the control measures in place may not effectively prevent workplace overexposure to RCS. The review found that education and training interventions are employed to improve dust controls and respiratory protective equipment (RPE) use. Also, marketing strategies promote the use of RPE. These interventions can increase the frequency of use of RPE and the adoption of best practice dust control measures. Interventions increase knowledge, awareness, and attitudes about RPE usage and generate positive perceptions while reducing misconceptions. However, the benefits obtained from an intervention may diminish after its implementation, indicating that the interventions may not continually motivate workers to adopt control measures or use RPE.
Topics: Humans; Dust; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Quality of Life; Silicon Dioxide; Inhalation Exposure; Occupational Exposure; Workplace; Silicosis
PubMed: 36964805
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26321-w