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Cancers Feb 2024In endometrial cancer (EC), deep myometrial invasion (DMI) is a prognostic factor that can be evaluated by various imaging methods; however, the best method of choice is... (Review)
Review
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Myometrial Infiltration in Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
In endometrial cancer (EC), deep myometrial invasion (DMI) is a prognostic factor that can be evaluated by various imaging methods; however, the best method of choice is uncertain. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative detection of DMI in patients with EC. Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched in May 2023. We included original articles that compared TVS to MRI on the same cohort of patients, with final histopathological confirmation of DMI as reference standard. Several subgroup analyses were performed. Eighteen studies comprising 1548 patients were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 76.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 70.9-81.4%) and 87.4% (95% CI, 80.6-92%) for TVS. The corresponding values for MRI were 81.1% (95% CI, 74.9-85.9%) and 83.8% (95% CI, 79.2-87.5%). No significant difference was observed (sensitivity: = 0.116, specificity: = 0.707). A non-significant difference between TVS and MRI was observed when no-myometrium infiltration vs. myometrium infiltration was considered. However, when only low-grade EC patients were evaluated, the specificity of MRI was significantly better ( = 0.044). Both TVS and MRI demonstrated comparable sensitivity and specificity. Further studies are needed to assess the presence of myometrium infiltration in patients with fertility-sparing wishes.
PubMed: 38473269
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050907 -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Mar 2024Mathematical models within the Ross-Macdonald framework increasingly play a role in our understanding of vector-borne disease dynamics and as tools for assessing...
Mathematical models within the Ross-Macdonald framework increasingly play a role in our understanding of vector-borne disease dynamics and as tools for assessing scenarios to respond to emerging threats. These threats are typically characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, introducing a range of possible complexities in models and challenges to maintain the link with empirical evidence. We systematically identified and analysed a total of 77 published papers presenting compartmental West Nile virus (WNV) models that use parameter values derived from empirical studies. Using a set of 15 criteria, we measured the dissimilarity compared with the Ross-Macdonald framework. We also retrieved the purpose and type of models and traced the empirical sources of their parameters. Our review highlights the increasing refinements in WNV models. Models for prediction included the highest number of refinements. We found uneven distributions of refinements and of evidence for parameter values. We identified several challenges in parametrizing such increasingly complex models. For parameters common to most models, we also synthesize the empirical evidence for their values and ranges. The study highlights the potential to improve the quality of WNV models and their applicability for policy by establishing closer collaboration between mathematical modelling and empirical work.
Topics: Humans; Models, Theoretical; West Nile Fever; West Nile virus
PubMed: 38471554
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2432 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2024Long COVID can include impaired cognition ('brain fog'; a term encompassing multiple symptoms) and mental health conditions. We performed a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Long COVID can include impaired cognition ('brain fog'; a term encompassing multiple symptoms) and mental health conditions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence and to explore relevant factors associated with the incidence of impaired cognition and mental health conditions.
METHODS
Searches were conducted in Medline and PsycINFO to cover the start of the pandemic until August 2023. Included studies reported prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog in adults with long COVID after clinically-diagnosed or PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
FINDINGS
17 studies were included, reporting 41,249 long COVID patients. Across all timepoints (3-24 months), the combined prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog was 20·4% (95% CI 11·1%-34·4%), being lower among those previously hospitalised than in community-managed patients(19·5 vs 29·7% respectively; p = 0·047). The odds of mental health conditions and brain fog increased over time and when validated instruments were used. Odds of brain fog significantly decreased with increasing vaccination rates (p = ·000).
CONCLUSIONS
Given the increasing prevalence of mental health conditions and brain fog over time, preventive interventions and treatments are needed. Research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms that could inform further research in development of effective treatments. The reduced risk of brain fog associated with vaccination emphasizes the need for ongoing vaccination programs.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Mental Health; Prevalence; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Mental Fatigue
PubMed: 38447388
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.009 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Overweight and obesity are increasing global public health problems. Mazdutide is a new dual agonist drug that can potentially reduce weight and blood glucose levels... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity are increasing global public health problems. Mazdutide is a new dual agonist drug that can potentially reduce weight and blood glucose levels simultaneously. However, the synthesis of evidence on the efficacy and safety of this drug is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide compared to placebo on weight reduction among adults with and without diabetes.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data were retrieved from six electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Google Scholar, and manually searched from the included references. The data were synthesized using a random effect model. This analysis was performed in the R programming language using the Meta package.
RESULTS
A total of seven RCTs involving 680 participants were included in this study. Mazdutide was more effective in reducing body weight (mean difference [MD]= -6.22%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.02% to -4.41%, I = 90.0%), systolic blood pressure (MD = -7.57 mmHg, 95% CI: -11.17 to -3.98 mmHg, I = 46%), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -2.98 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.74 to -0.22 mmHg, I = 56%), total cholesterol (MD = -16.82%, 95% CI: -24.52 to -9.13%, I = 61%), triglycerides (MD = -43.29%, 95% CI: -61.57 to -25.01%, I = 68%), low-density lipoprotein (MD= -17.07%, 95% CI: -25.54 to -8.60%, I = 53%), and high-density lipoprotein (MD = -7.54%, 95% CI: -11.26 to -3.83%, I = 0%) than placebo. Mazdutide was associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose in participants with type 2 diabetes. In the subgroup and meta-regression analyses, weight reduction was more significant in non-diabetics compared to diabetics, and in those who received a longer treatment duration (24 weeks) than in those on shorter durations (12-20 weeks). Participants who received Mazdutide had a higher risk of transient mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
CONCLUSION
Mazdutite appears to be effective in weight reduction among patients with and without diabetes, and it has an advantage over other associated comorbidities. However, it was associated with mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=403859, identifier CRD42023403859.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Peptides; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38440786
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Dec 2023Meat and meat products are introduced as one of the frequent sources of . We aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of isolates in meat and meat... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Meat and meat products are introduced as one of the frequent sources of . We aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of isolates in meat and meat products using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in the primary international and bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to achieve all articles related to the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rates from 2007 to 2022.
RESULTS
The 278 retrieved articles were reduced to 54 worldwide eligible studies after screening and matching inclusion/exclusion criteria. was examined in different types of samples and its resistance to 10 antibiotics. The pooled prevalence of was 3.4% in all samples. pooled prevalence was detected in fish, poultry, and red meat groups with 6.9%, 5.2%, and 3.2%, respectively. Regarding antibiotic resistance, the highest pooled prevalence was for ciprofloxacin (86.6%), followed by clindamycin (42.6%) and erythromycin (34%). The lowest pooled prevalence was observed in metronidazole (7.6%), vancomycin (6.6%), and chloramphenicol (6%).
CONCLUSION
Low resistance was found to commonly used drugs for infection (CDI) treatment. Since each antibiotic can be predisposing cause for CDI development, this finding possibly will be warning from a One Health viewpoint about the misuse of antibiotics in the chain of farm to fork including agriculture, animal husbandry and the food industry and also their injudicious use in medicine.
PubMed: 38435778
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i12.14313 -
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2024Dairy cows get mastitis from a common infection called Staphylococcus aureus. Because of its broad distribution across diverse populations and capacity to acquire... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dairy cows get mastitis from a common infection called Staphylococcus aureus. Because of its broad distribution across diverse populations and capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance, this particular bacterial strain presents a serious threat to public health. The main goals of this study were to determine the beta-lactam resistance profile of in Ethiopian dairy cows and to offer thorough epidemiological data.
METHODS
We employed manual searches, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar HINARI for electronic bibliographic data.
RESULTS
Twenty-six epidemiological studies were included in this systematic review. Of these studies, 12 articles in Oromia, 4 articles in Addis Ababa, 4 articles in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's (SNNPRS), 3 articles in Tigray, and 3 articles in Amhara region. The average prevalence were 34.3% in Oromia, 40.2% in Amhara, 39.5 in AA, 40% in Tigray and 21% in SNNPRS. The antimicrobial resistance rate of , specifically in relation to beta-lactam drugs, exhibited an average estimation. Notably, penicillin resistance reached a rate of 75%, while amoxicillin resistance stood at 67%. Furthermore, it was determined that, when treating S. aureus, the resistance rates to ampicillin and cephalosporin were 50% and 57%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this analysis have demonstrated a considerable rise in prevalence and beta-lactam resistance within the Ethiopian geographic environment. This emphasizes the critical need for alternate therapeutic approaches and preventative measures in order to successfully lessen the disease's extensive spread and detrimental effects across the nation.
PubMed: 38433734
DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S415339 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Feb 2024COVID-19 screening is an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention for identifying infected individuals and interrupting viral transmission. However, questions have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 screening is an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention for identifying infected individuals and interrupting viral transmission. However, questions have been raised regarding its effectiveness in controlling the spread of novel variants and its high socioeconomic costs. Therefore, the optimization of COVID-19 screening strategies has attracted great attention.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to summarize the evidence and provide a reference basis for the optimization of screening strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19.
METHODS
We applied a methodological framework for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. We conducted a scoping review of the present publications on the optimization of COVID-19 screening strategies. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier ScienceDirect databases for publications up to December 31, 2022. English publications related to screening and testing strategies for COVID-19 were included. A data-charting form, jointly developed by 2 reviewers, was used for data extraction according to the optimization directions of the screening strategies.
RESULTS
A total of 2770 unique publications were retrieved from the database search, and 95 abstracts were retained for full-text review. There were 62 studies included in the final review. We summarized the results in 4 major aspects: the screening population (people at various risk conditions such as different regions and occupations; 12/62, 19%), the timing of screening (when the target population is tested before travel or during an outbreak; 12/62, 19%), the frequency of screening (appropriate frequencies for outbreak prevention, outbreak response, or community transmission control; 6/62, 10%), and the screening and detection procedure (the choice of individual or pooled detection and optimization of the pooling approach; 35/62, 56%).
CONCLUSIONS
This review reveals gaps in the optimization of COVID-19 screening strategies and suggests that a number of factors such as prevalence, screening accuracy, effective allocation of resources, and feasibility of strategies should be carefully considered in the development of future screening strategies.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Databases, Factual; Disease Outbreaks; Travel
PubMed: 38412011
DOI: 10.2196/44349 -
Veterinary World Jan 2024, a highly pathogenic bacterium responsible for melioidosis, exhibits ecological ubiquity and thrives within soil and water reservoirs, posing significant infection...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
, a highly pathogenic bacterium responsible for melioidosis, exhibits ecological ubiquity and thrives within soil and water reservoirs, posing significant infection risks to humans and animals through direct contact. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic diversity and prevalence patterns of sequence types (STs) across a global spectrum and to understand the relationships between strains isolated from different sources.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in this study. Extensive research was carried out across three comprehensive databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with data collected from 1924 to 2023.
RESULTS
A total of 40 carefully selected articles contributed 2737 isolates attributed to 729 distinct STs and were incorporated into the systematic review. Among these, ST46 emerged as the most prominent, featuring in 35% of the articles and demonstrating a dominant prevalence, particularly within Southeast Asia. Moreover, ST51 consistently appeared across human, animal, and environmental studies. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis, focusing on nine specific STs: ST46, ST51, ST54, ST70, ST84, ST109, ST289, ST325, and ST376. Surprisingly, no statistically significant differences in their pooled prevalence proportions were observed across these compartments for ST46, ST70, ST289, ST325, and ST376 (all p > 0.69). Conversely, the remaining STs, including ST51, ST54, ST84, and ST109, displayed notable variations in their prevalence among the three domains (all p < 0.04). Notably, the pooled prevalence of ST51 in animals and environmental samples surpassed that found in human isolates (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the intricate relationships between STs and their sources and contributes significantly to our understanding of diversity within the One Health framework.
PubMed: 38406370
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.26-36 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Mar 2024Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in those with diabetic foot disease is very high. Non-pharmacological interventions may improve this risk, though no previous evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in those with diabetic foot disease is very high. Non-pharmacological interventions may improve this risk, though no previous evidence synthesis has been completed. This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on CVD risk factors in diabetic ulcer disease. Multiple databases and trials registers were searched from inception to December 6th 2023. We included reports of randomised controlled trials investigating the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on cardiovascular risk in those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and current or previous diabetic foot disease. Twenty studies were included. Extracted data included: study design and setting; participant sociodemographic factors; and change in cardiovascular risk factors. Data were synthesised using random effects meta-analyses and narrative syntheses. Interventions included nutritional supplementation, collaborative care, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, patient education, nurse-led intervention, self-management, family support, relaxation and exercise, over a median duration of 12 weeks. Significant post-intervention changes were observed in fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, insulin sensitivity and resistance, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and C-reactive protein. No effects were detected in very low- or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or body mass index. Non-pharmacological interventions show promise in improving CVD risk in diabetic foot disease.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Cholesterol, HDL; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 38403175
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111590 -
Nutrients Feb 2024The UK Biobank is a cohort study that collects data on diet, lifestyle, biomarkers, and health to examine diet-disease associations. Based on the UK Biobank, we reviewed... (Review)
Review
The UK Biobank is a cohort study that collects data on diet, lifestyle, biomarkers, and health to examine diet-disease associations. Based on the UK Biobank, we reviewed 36 studies on diet and three health conditions: type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Most studies used one-time dietary data instead of repeated 24 h recalls, which may lead to measurement errors and bias in estimating diet-disease associations. We also found that most studies focused on single food groups or macronutrients, while few studies adopted a dietary pattern approach. Several studies consistently showed that eating more red and processed meat led to a higher risk of lung and colorectal cancer. The results suggest that high adherence to "healthy" dietary patterns (consuming various food types, with at least three servings/day of whole grain, fruits, and vegetables, and meat and processed meat less than twice a week) slightly lowers the risk of T2DM, CVD, and colorectal cancer. Future research should use multi-omics data and machine learning models to account for the complexity and interactions of dietary components and their effects on disease risk.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cohort Studies; UK Biobank; Diet; Fruit; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38398847
DOI: 10.3390/nu16040523