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Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) May 2024Ageist attitudes negatively affect the quality of care for service users and the working conditions of older nursing staff. Clinical leaders' perceptions of older...
INTRODUCTION
Ageist attitudes negatively affect the quality of care for service users and the working conditions of older nursing staff. Clinical leaders' perceptions of older service users and nursing staff are unknown.
AIM
To map research evidence on ageist attitudes in healthcare towards service users and older nursing staff, from the leadership perspective.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic mapping review with database searches in March 2021 and May 2023). Nineteen articles (qualitative n = 13, quantitative n = 3, mixed methods n = 3) were analysed and mapped to the Nurse Executive Capability Framework.
RESULTS
Future planning, team building, and self-awareness are leadership categories requiring consideration. Guidelines and policies addressing the holistic needs of older service users and older nursing staff are lacking.
CONCLUSIONS
Organizational planning, team building, and self-awareness are crucial for the holistic care of older service users and for creating attractive workplaces for older nursing staff.
PubMed: 38820985
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.017 -
Neural Regeneration Research Feb 2025Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences. In this...
Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences. In this article, we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry. Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease, cerebrovascular disease, glioma, psychiatric disease, traumatic brain injury, and myelin deficit. In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases. Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood, the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications. This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.
PubMed: 38819036
DOI: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-00872 -
Emergencias : Revista de La Sociedad... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Emergency Service, Hospital; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Tropicamide
PubMed: 38818988
DOI: 10.55633/s3me/026.2023 -
Systematic Reviews May 2024The prevalence of psychosis has been shown to be disproportionately high amongst sexual and gender minority individuals. However, there is currently little consideration...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of psychosis has been shown to be disproportionately high amongst sexual and gender minority individuals. However, there is currently little consideration of the unique needs of this population in mental health treatment, with LGBTQA+ individuals facing barriers in accessing timely and non-stigmatising support for psychotic experiences. This issue deserves attention as delays to help-seeking and poor engagement with treatment predict worsened clinical and functional outcomes for people with psychosis. The present protocol describes the methodology for a scoping review which will aim to identify barriers and facilitators faced by LGBTQA+ individuals across the psychosis spectrum in help-seeking and accessing mental health support.
METHODS
A comprehensive search strategy will be used to search Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, LGBTQ+ Source, and grey literature. Original studies of any design, setting, and publication date will be included if they discuss barriers and facilitators to mental health treatment access and engagement for LGBTQA+ people with experiences of psychosis. Two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion in the review. Both reviewers will then extract the relevant data according to pre-determined criteria, and study quality will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. Key data from included studies will be synthesised in narrative form according to the Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews.
DISCUSSION
The results of this review will provide a comprehensive account of the current and historical barriers and facilitators to mental healthcare faced by LGBTQA+ people with psychotic symptoms and experiences. It is anticipated that the findings from this review will be relevant to clinical and community services and inform future research. Findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.
SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION
This protocol is registered in Open Science Framework Registries ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AT6FC ).
Topics: Humans; Health Services Accessibility; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Psychotic Disorders; Mental Health Services; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Social Stigma
PubMed: 38816775
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02566-5 -
BMJ Open May 2024Depressed mood is a psychological state characterised by sadness or loss of interest in activities. Depressed mood is a highly prevalent symptom across major mental... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Depressed mood is a psychological state characterised by sadness or loss of interest in activities. Depressed mood is a highly prevalent symptom across major mental disorders. However, there is limited understanding of the burden and management of comorbid depressed mood across major mental disorders. Therefore, this scoping review aims to summarise knowledge on depressed mood among persons with anxiety and/or psychosis. The specific aims are to describe the epidemiology and risk factors of depressed mood as a transdiagnostic target among persons with anxiety and/or psychosis, to identify commonly used outcome measures for depressed mood and to outline initial evidence of psychometric robustness and to identify and summarise the effectiveness of commonly applied depressed mood modification interventions. Our hope is that the proposed review will provide insights into the burden of depressed mood in persons with anxiety and psychosis and help to identify evidence gaps and recommendations for future research.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This scoping review will be conducted per Arksey and O'Malley's framework. We will first search for peer-reviewed articles and grey literature published from 2004 to 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Humanities International Complete, Sabinet, SocINDEX, Open Grey and Google Scholar. We will include articles reporting depressed mood (subthreshold depression) among persons with anxiety and/or psychosis. Studies recruiting participants meeting depression diagnostic criteria and those published in non-English languages will be excluded. Two independent researchers will extract the data. We will analyse and chart data collaboratively with researchers with lived experiences of depressed mood.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This study does not require ethical approval as it is a literature review. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Depression; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety
PubMed: 38816047
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077695 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... 2024Esketamine is a version of ketamine that has been approved for treatment-resistant depression, but our previous studies showed a link between non-medical use of ketamine...
BACKGROUND
Esketamine is a version of ketamine that has been approved for treatment-resistant depression, but our previous studies showed a link between non-medical use of ketamine and brain structural and functional alterations, including dorsal prefrontal grey matter reduction among chronic ketamine users. In this study, we sought to determine cortical thickness abnormalities following long-term, non-medical use of ketamine.
METHODS
We acquired structural brain images for patients with ketamine use disorder and drug-free healthy controls. We used FreeSurfer software to measure cortical thickness for 68 brain regions. We compared cortical thickness between the 2 groups using analysis of covariance with covariates of age, gender, educational level, smoking, drinking, and whole-brain mean cortical thickness.
RESULTS
We included images from 95 patients with ketamine use disorder and 169 controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients with ketamine use disorder had widespread decreased cortical thickness, with the most extensive reductions in the frontal (including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and parietal (including the precuneus) lobes. Increased cortical thickness was not observed among ketamine users relative to comparison participants. Estimated total lifetime ketamine consumption was correlated with reductions in the right inferior parietal and the right rostral middle frontal cortical thickness.
LIMITATIONS
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study, but longitudinal studies are needed to further validate decreased cortical thickness after nonmedical use of ketamine.
CONCLUSION
This study provided evidence that, compared with healthy controls, chronic ketamine users have widespread reductions in cortical thickness. Our study underscores the importance of the long-term effects of ketamine on brain structure and serves as a reference for the antidepressant use of ketamine.
Topics: Humans; Ketamine; Male; Female; Adult; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Substance-Related Disorders; Cerebral Cortex; Young Adult; Brain Cortical Thickness; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38816028
DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230111 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024The economic burden of psychotic disorders is not well documented in LMICs like India, due to several bottlenecks present in Indian healthcare system like lack of...
BACKGROUND
The economic burden of psychotic disorders is not well documented in LMICs like India, due to several bottlenecks present in Indian healthcare system like lack of adequate resources, low budget for mental health services and inequity in accessibility of treatment. Hence, a large proportion of health expenditure is paid out of pocket by the households.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the direct and indirect costs incurred by patients with First Episode Psychosis and their families in a North Indian setting.
METHOD
Direct and Indirect costs were estimated for 87 patients diagnosed at AIIMS, New Delhi with first-episode psychosis (nonaffective) in the first- and sixth month following diagnosis, and the six months before diagnosis, using a bespoke questionnaire. Indirect costs were valued using the Human Capital Approach.
RESULTS
Mean total costs in month one were INR 7991 ($107.5). Indirect costs were 78.3% of this total. Productivity losses was a major component of the indirect cost. Transportation was a key component of direct costs. Costs fell substantially at six months (INR 2732, Indirect Costs 61%). Respondents incurred substantial costs pre-diagnosis, related to formal and informal care seeking and loss of income.
CONCLUSION
Families suffered substantial productivity loss. Care models and financial protection that address this could substantially reduce the financial burden of mental illness. Measures to address disruption to work and education during FEP are likely to have significant long-term benefits. Families also suffered prolonged income loss pre-diagnosis, highlighting the benefits of early and effective diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; India; Psychotic Disorders; Adult; Male; Female; Cost of Illness; Young Adult; Financial Stress; Health Expenditures; Family; Adolescent; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38815440
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104066 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Sulfides; Cyclopropanes; Acetates; Quinolines; Male; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Child; Female; Adolescent; Asthma
PubMed: 38815271
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.23cr03694 -
PloS One 2024Amid the ongoing global repercussions of SARS-CoV-2, it is crucial to comprehend its potential long-term psychiatric effects. Several recent studies have suggested a...
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increase in new diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorder: A study using the US national COVID cohort collaborative (N3C).
Amid the ongoing global repercussions of SARS-CoV-2, it is crucial to comprehend its potential long-term psychiatric effects. Several recent studies have suggested a link between COVID-19 and subsequent mental health disorders. Our investigation joins this exploration, concentrating on Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders (SSPD). Different from other studies, we took acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 lab-negative cohorts as control groups to accurately gauge the impact of COVID-19 on SSPD. Data from 19,344,698 patients, sourced from the N3C Data Enclave platform, were methodically filtered to create propensity matched cohorts: ARDS (n = 222,337), COVID-19 positive (n = 219,264), and COVID-19 negative (n = 213,183). We systematically analyzed the hazard rate of new-onset SSPD across three distinct time intervals: 0-21 days, 22-90 days, and beyond 90 days post-infection. COVID-19 positive patients consistently exhibited a heightened hazard ratio (HR) across all intervals [0-21 days (HR: 4.6; CI: 3.7-5.7), 22-90 days (HR: 2.9; CI: 2.3 -3.8), beyond 90 days (HR: 1.7; CI: 1.5-1.)]. These are notably higher than both ARDS and COVID-19 lab-negative patients. Validations using various tests, including the Cochran Mantel Haenszel Test, Wald Test, and Log-rank Test confirmed these associations. Intriguingly, our data indicated that younger individuals face a heightened risk of SSPD after contracting COVID-19, a trend not observed in the ARDS and COVID-19 negative groups. These results, aligned with the known neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and earlier studies, accentuate the need for vigilant psychiatric assessment and support in the era of Long-COVID, especially among younger populations.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Schizophrenia; Male; Psychotic Disorders; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Cohort Studies; SARS-CoV-2; United States; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 38814888
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295891 -
Cureus Apr 2024The present case study examines an adult male of Greek descent diagnosed with the β-thalassemia trait during adulthood. The individual had psychiatric symptoms after...
The present case study examines an adult male of Greek descent diagnosed with the β-thalassemia trait during adulthood. The individual had psychiatric symptoms after the sudden cessation of anabolic steroid injections, which had been utilized improperly for nearly a decade. Furthermore, the administration of an increased dosage of bupropion in conjunction with the absence of treatment for manic symptoms may have contributed to worsening his illness. The individual's contraction of COVID-19 and the subsequent discontinuation of steroid medication resulted in a notable psychosis despite the absence of any prior psychiatric conditions. Following initial therapy and hospitalization, which resulted in a stable discharge, the patient experienced a relapse due to later alterations in his medication. Consequently, this relapse necessitated a second admission to the hospital. The patient's therapeutic regimen consisted of a concurrent administration of lithium, antipsychotics, and an intense program of psychiatric counseling. This particular example highlights the distinctive connection between β-thalassemia and bipolar disorder, focusing on a Greek patient with the β-thalassemia trait and a genetic predisposition to mood disorders. The present study provides a comprehensive narrative of the patient's clinical progression, with particular emphasis on the impact of the β-thalassemia trait on his mental health trajectory. This observation highlights the limited availability of data about the interplay between hemoglobinopathies and mood disorders, hence emphasizing the need for further research in this niche intersection of genetics and psychiatry.
PubMed: 38813331
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59303