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Frontiers in Immunology 2023Immune checkpoint inhibitors have had a major impact on cancer treatment. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the cancer microenvironment, affecting treatment response....
INTRODUCTION
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have had a major impact on cancer treatment. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the cancer microenvironment, affecting treatment response. The gut microbiota is highly individual, and varies with factors, such as age and race. Gut microbiota composition in Japanese cancer patients and the efficacy of immunotherapy remain unknown.
METHODS
We investigated the gut microbiota of 26 patients with solid tumors prior to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy to identify bacteria involved in the efficacy of these drugs and immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
RESULTS
The genera and were relatively common in the group showing efficacy towards the anti-PD-1 antibody treatment (effective group). The proportions of (P = 0.022) and (P = 0.049) were significantly higher in the effective group than in the ineffective group. In addition, the proportion of (P = 0.033) was significantly higher in the ineffective group. Next, they were divided into irAE and non-irAE groups. The proportions of (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the group with irAEs than in those without, while the proportions of (P = 0.013) and the unclassified (P = 0.027) were significantly higher in the group without irAEs than those with. Furthermore, within the Effective group, and (both P = 0.001) were more abundant in the subgroup with irAEs than in those without them. In contrast, (P = 0.021) and (P= 0.033) were statistically significantly more common in those without irAEs.
DISCUSSION
Our Study suggests that the analysis of the gut microbiota may provide future predictive markers for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy or the selection of candidates for fecal transplantation for cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Acidaminococcus; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37207204
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164724 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Mar 2023Dietary patterns high in healthy minimally processed plant foods play an important role in modulating the gut microbiome and promoting cardiometabolic health. Little is...
BACKGROUND
Dietary patterns high in healthy minimally processed plant foods play an important role in modulating the gut microbiome and promoting cardiometabolic health. Little is known on the diet-gut microbiome relationship in US Hispanics/Latinos, who have a high burden of obesity and diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
In a cross-sectional analysis, we sought to examine the relationships of 3 healthy dietary patterns-the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI)-with the gut microbiome in US Hispanic/Latino adults, and to study the association of diet-related species with cardiometabolic traits.
METHODS
The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a multi-site community-based cohort. At baseline (2008-2011), diet was assessed by using 2, 24-hour recalls. Shotgun sequencing was performed on stool samples collected in 2014-17 (n = 2444). Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes 2 (ANCOM2) was used to identify the associations of dietary pattern scores with gut microbiome species and functions, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates.
RESULTS
Better diet quality according to multiple healthy dietary patterns was associated with a higher abundance of species from class Clostridia, including [Eubacterium] eligens, Butyrivibrio crossotus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium TF01-11, but functions related to better diet quality differed for the dietary patterns (e.g., aMED with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, hPDI with L-arabinose/lactose transport). Poorer diet quality was associated with a higher abundance of Acidaminococcus intestini and with functions of manganese/iron transport, adhesin protein transport, and nitrate reduction. Some healthy diet pattern-enriched Clostridia species were related to more favorable cardiometabolic traits such as lower triglycerides and waist-to-hip ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthy dietary patterns in this population are associated with a higher abundance of fiber-fermenting Clostridia species in the gut microbiome, consistent with previous studies in other racial/ethnic groups. Gut microbiota may be involved in the beneficial effect of higher diet quality on cardiometabolic disease risk.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hispanic or Latino; Public Health; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 36872018
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.020 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022It is of great importance to find antibiotic alternatives that can improve poultry performance and enhance immunity. Plant-derived extracts and their concentrates are...
INTRODUCTION
It is of great importance to find antibiotic alternatives that can improve poultry performance and enhance immunity. Plant-derived extracts and their concentrates are natural bioactive compounds that are widely and effectively applied as the antibiotic alternatives in animal industries. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extract (YSE) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune function, intestinal morphology, and microbiota diversity of young pigeons.
METHODS
A total of 120 healthy White King pigeons (28 days old) with similar weight were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with six replicate cages. Each of the pigeons from 4 treatments was orally administrated with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 mg YSE per day, respectively.
RESULTS
The results showed that orally supplemental YSE had no significant effects ( > 0.05) on the growth performance and immune organ index of pigeons. The serum total protein and IgM contents in the 10 mg YSE group were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than those in the control group. Supplemental 10 and 15 mg YSE significantly lowered the level of serum total cholesterol ( < 0.05) and increased ( < 0.05) the villi height in the jejunum compared with the control group. Supplemental 5 and 10 mg YSE significantly decreased ( < 0.05) the level of serum alanine aminotransferase and the crypt depth in the ileum compared with the control group. The beta diversity showed a distinct difference in the ileum microbial composition between the control and the 10 mg YES group. YSE supplementation enriched the bacterial genera , and . Additionally, genus showed a significantly negative correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase ( = -0.618, = 0.043). genus showed a significantly negative correlation with cholesterol ( = -0.633, = 0.036). genus showed a significantly positive correlation with villi height in the jejunum ( = 0.751, = 0.008).
DISCUSSION
In conclusion, orally supplemental YSE could improve serum biochemistry, immunoglobulin contents, and intestinal morphology by regulating the composition of microbial community in the ileum of young pigeons.
PubMed: 36713856
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1077555 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022The fermented feed has been used extensively as a growth promoter in agricultural animal production. However, the effects of fermented feed on swine gut microbiota are...
The fermented feed has been used extensively as a growth promoter in agricultural animal production. However, the effects of fermented feed on swine gut microbiota are still largely unknown. The work presented here aimed to investigate the growth performance and gut microbiota of nursery pigs receiving the LPF diet (10% and co-fermented feed + basal diet) compared with pigs receiving the NC diet (basal diet). The data showed LPF diet numerically improved average daily gain and significantly increased fecal acetate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Furthermore, gut microbiota structure and membership significantly changed in response to the addition of fermented feed in the diet. Gut microbiota results indicated that LPF treatment significantly enriched SCFA-producing bacteria such as , and . Some of these bacteria also had anti-inflammatory and other beneficial functions. Overall, these findings suggested that and co-fermented feed benefited growth performance and established potential health impacts on the gut microbiota of nursery pigs.
PubMed: 36578437
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1076906 -
Nutrients Nov 2022Pre-clinical studies suggest that circulating oxylipins, i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), modulate gut microbiota composition in...
Pre-clinical studies suggest that circulating oxylipins, i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), modulate gut microbiota composition in mice, but there is no information available in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins plasma levels and fecal microbiota composition in a cohort of young adults. 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old) were included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of oxylipins were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed that plasma levels of omega-3 derived oxylipins were positively associated with the relative abundance of genus ( phylum; rho ≥ 0.415, ≤ 0.009) and negatively associated with the relative abundance of genus (Proteobacteria phylum; rho ≥ -0.270, ≤ 0.041), respectively. Moreover, plasma levels of omega-6 derived oxylipins were negatively associated with the relative abundance of and genera ( phylum; all rho ≥ -0.263, ≤ 0.024), as well as , , and genera ( phylum; all rho ≥ -0.263, ≤ 0.024). Lastly, the ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins plasma levels was negatively associated with the relative abundance of cluster IV genus ( phylum; rho = -0.334, = 0.004) and genus ( phylum; rho = -0.292, = 0.014). In conclusion, our results show that the plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins are associated with the relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria genera.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Female; Mice; Animals; Adult; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cross-Sectional Studies; Oxylipins; Feces; Microbiota; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes; Proteobacteria; Fatty Acids, Omega-3
PubMed: 36501021
DOI: 10.3390/nu14234991 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Recent research suggest that gut microbiome may play a fundamental role in athlete's health and performance. Interestingly, nutrition can affect athletic performance by...
BACKGROUND
Recent research suggest that gut microbiome may play a fundamental role in athlete's health and performance. Interestingly, nutrition can affect athletic performance by influencing the gut microbiome composition. Among different dietary patterns, ketogenic diet represents an efficient nutritional approach to get adequate body composition in athletes, however, some concerns have been raised about its potential detrimental effect on gut microbiome. To the best of our knowledge, only one study investigated the effect of ketogenic diet on the gut microbiome in athletes (elite race walkers), whilst no studies are available in a model of mixed endurance/power sport such as soccer. This study aimed to investigate the influence of a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts (KEMEPHY) diet on gut microbiome composition in a cohort of semi-professional soccer players.
METHODS
16 male soccer players were randomly assigned to KEMEPHY diet (KDP = 8) or western diet (WD = 8). Body composition, performance measurements and gut microbiome composition were measured before and after 30 days of intervention by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Alpha-diversity measures and PERMANOVA was used to investigate pre-post differences in the relative abundance of all taxonomic levels (from phylum to genus) and Spearman's correlations was used to investigate associations between microbial composition and macronutrient intake. Linear discriminant analysis was also performed at the different taxonomic levels on the post-intervention data.
RESULTS
No differences were found between pre and post- dietary intervention for microbial community diversity: no significant effects of time ( = 0.056, ES = 0.486 and = 0.129, ES = 0.388, respectively for OTUs number and Shannon's ENS), group ( = 0.317, ES = 0.180 and = 0.809, ES = 0.047) or time × group ( = 0.999, ES = 0.01 and = 0.230, ES = 0.315). paired Wilcoxon test showed a significant time × group effect for ( = 0.021, ES = 0.578), which increased in the WD group (median pre: 1.7%; median post: 2.3%) and decreased in the KEMEPHY group (median pre: 4.3%; median post: 1.7%). At genus level, the linear discriminant analysis in the post intervention differentiated the two groups for genus (pertaining to the phylum), and genera, all more abundant in the WD group, and for (order, family, and genus), genera (pertaining to the Marinifilaceae family), and genus, all more abundant in the KEMEPHY group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that 30 days of KEMEPHY intervention, in contrast with previous research on ketogenic diet and gut microbiome, do not modify the overall composition of gut microbiome in a cohort of athletes. KEMEPHY dietary pattern may represent an alternative and safety tool for maintaining and/or regulating the composition of gut microbiome in athletes practicing regular exercise. Due to the fact that not all ketogenic diets are equal, we hypothesized that each version of ketogenic diet, with different kind of nutrients or macronutrients partitioning, may differently affect the human gut microbiome.
PubMed: 36386948
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979651 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Oct 2022Previous studies have explored the role of the microbiome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, whether the microbiome is correlated with...
Previous studies have explored the role of the microbiome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, whether the microbiome is correlated with emotional-behavioral disturbances, the most common comorbid symptom of ADHD, remains unclear. We established a cross-sectional study in which 6- to 18-year-old children with ADHD who were receiving no medication and a healthy control group of children without ADHD were recruited to analyze their microbiome composition. Microbiota of fecal samples were collected and analyzed using a 16s rRNA gene sequencing approach. In comparison with the healthy control group, the gut microbiota in children with ADHD exhibited significantly lower beta diversity. The abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera , , , , , and group was increased in the ADHD group compared with the healthy group. Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis was used to highlight specific bacteria phylotypes that were differentially altered between the ADHD and control groups. A regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between microbiota and emotional-behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD. A significant association was noted between withdrawal and depression symptoms and ( = 0.044), and between rule-breaking behavior and the group ( = 0.046) after adjusting for sex, age, and the ADHD core symptoms score. This study advances the knowledge of how gut microbiota composition may contribute to emotional-behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD. The detailed mechanisms underlying the role of the gut microbiota in ADHD pathophysiology still require further investigation.
PubMed: 36294773
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101634 -
Liver International : Official Journal... Feb 2023Hypercholesterolemia is frequent in people with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); however, it does not seem to confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Hypercholesterolemia is frequent in people with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); however, it does not seem to confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in PBC women and its association with the gut-liver axis and systemic inflammation.
METHODS
Thirty patients affected by PBC and hypercholesterolemia were enrolled, with equal-sized groups of women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy controls (CTRL). All patients underwent Doppler ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries, assessment of flow-mediated dilation, quantification of circulating cytokines and vasoactive mediators and characterization of the gut microbiota.
RESULTS
PBC patients had a higher prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) defined as atherosclerotic plaques in any of femoral, popliteal and/or tibial arteries compared with both NAFLD and CTRL women (83.3% vs. 53.3% and 50%, respectively; p = .01). Factors associated with LEAD at univariate analysis were VCAM-1 (p = .002), ICAM-1 (p = .003), and TNF-alpha (p = .04) serum levels, but only VCAM-1 (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1; p = .04) and TNF-alpha (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.99-1.26; p = .04) were confirmed as independent predictors in the multivariate model. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that Acidaminococcus (FDR = 0.0008), Bifidobacterium (FDR = 0.001) and Oscillospira (FDR = 0.03) were differentially expressed among groups. Acidaminococcus, which was increased in PBC, was positively correlated with TNF-alpha serum levels. Down-regulation of metabolic pathways linked to fatty acid and butyrate metabolism, glyoxylate metabolism and branched-chain amino acids degradation was found in the functional gut metagenome of PBC women.
CONCLUSIONS
LEAD is common in patients affected by PBC and is associated with inflammatory markers and alterations in the gut-liver axis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Hypercholesterolemia; Prevalence; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Atherosclerosis; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 36287108
DOI: 10.1111/liv.15463 -
Microorganisms Sep 2022Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disabling autoimmune disorder. Little is known regarding the association between the gut microbiome and...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disabling autoimmune disorder. Little is known regarding the association between the gut microbiome and etiopathogenesis of RA. We aimed to dissect the differences in gut microbiomes associated with RA in comparison to healthy individuals and, in addition, to identify the shifts in the bacterial community in association with disease activity; Methods: In order to identify compositional shifts in gut microbiomes of RA patients, V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. In total, sixty stool samples were collected from 45 patients with RA besides 15 matched healthy subjects; Results: Notably, RA microbiomes were significantly associated with diverse bacterial communities compared with healthy individuals. Likewise, a direct association between bacterial diversity and disease activity was detected in RA patients (Kruskal Wallis; = 0.00047). In general, genus-level analysis revealed a positive coexistence between RA and , , , , and . Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis significantly stratified the most dominant genera into distinct clusters that were mainly based on disease activity ( ≥ 0.6; ≤ 0.05). The predictive metabolic profile of bacterial communities associated with RA could support the potential impact of gut microbiomes in either the development or recovery of RA; Conclusions: The overall shifts in bacterial composition at different disease statuses could confirm the cross-linking of certain genera either to causation or progression of RA.
PubMed: 36144422
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091820 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Type V Cas12a nucleases are DNA editors working in a wide temperature range and using expanded protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAMs). Though they are widely used, there is...
Type V Cas12a nucleases are DNA editors working in a wide temperature range and using expanded protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAMs). Though they are widely used, there is still a demand for discovering new ones. Here, we demonstrate a novel ortholog from sp. entitled RbCas12a, which is able to efficiently cleave target DNA templates, using the particularly high accessibility of PAM 5'-YYN and a relatively wide temperature range from 20 °C to 42 °C. In comparison to sp. (AsCas12a) nuclease, RbCas12a is capable of processing DNA more efficiently, and can be active upon being charged by spacer-only RNA at lower concentrations in vitro. We show that the human-optimized RbCas12a nuclease is also active in mammalian cells, and can be applied for efficient deletion incorporation into the human genome. Given the advantageous properties of RbCas12a, this enzyme shows potential for clinical and biotechnological applications within the field of genome editing.
Topics: Acidaminococcus; Animals; CRISPR-Cas Systems; DNA; Endonucleases; Gene Editing; Humans; Mammals; Ruminococcus
PubMed: 36012553
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169289