-
Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic... 2024Scarring is a biological process of wound repair which leads to a difference in the normal structure and function of the skin and manifests as a depressed or raised...
CONTEXT
Scarring is a biological process of wound repair which leads to a difference in the normal structure and function of the skin and manifests as a depressed or raised area. Treatment of scars is challenging. A number of therapeutic approaches like surgical techniques and non-surgical techniques are performed to improve scarring.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of subcision followed by microneedling versus subcision followed by microneedling and topical platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in atrophic scars.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comparative prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India to compare the efficacy of subcision followed by microneedling versus subcision followed by microneedling and topical PRP. A total of 40 cases were taken and were randomly divided into two groups, A and B of 20 patients in each group. Topical PRP was applied as an additional therapy in Group B in the same sitting. Minimum three sittings were done in each patient at an interval of 4 weeks and results were assessed after 1 month of the third session. The statistical software used is Microsoft Excel and SPSS software program, version 24.0 for analysis of data and Microsoft Word to generate graphs and tables.
RESULTS
Improvement in scar grading was more in Group B as compared to Group A with statistically significant difference ( 0.032). There was an improvement in scar grading from grade 4 scar to grade 2 in 15% and 30% patients of Groups A and B, respectively, with improvement in skin texture and pigmentation more in Group B.
CONCLUSION
PRP proved to add to the improvement of grade of atrophic scars when combined with subcision and microneedling.
PubMed: 38800810
DOI: 10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_64_23 -
Cureus May 2024Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by dyslipidemia, hormonal...
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by dyslipidemia, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic dysfunctions. Vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS, potentially exacerbating its metabolic syndrome. However, the exact interplay between these factors remains underexplored. Aim This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of vitamin D and its association with modalities of PCOS among women with PCOS and healthy controls. Methods This was a hospital-based case-control study where 60 women newly diagnosed with PCOS and 56 non-PCOS controls were consecutively recruited within a 10-month period. The women aged 20-40 were recruited at the gynecology clinics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital and Lagos Island Maternity Hospital. PCOS was diagnosed using the Rotterdam's criteria. The biodata, anthropometry, clinical features, serum vitamin D, cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels of PCOS-diagnosed women were assessed and compared with those of women without PCOS. The exclusion criteria comprised known diabetics, women with gynecological pathologies such as fibroids, and women on medications affecting the study analytes or hormones. Statistical analyses included chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables, student t-test for continuous variables, and Pearson's correlation for assessing relationships between continuous variables. The significance level was set at p<0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results Individuals with PCOS exhibited a younger mean age (26.90±3.73 versus 29.95±5.00 years, p=0.001) and a higher prevalence of irregular menstrual patterns (46.7% versus 14.3%, p=0.0001) and acne (58.3% versus 37.5%, p=0.025). Moreover, PCOS was associated with elevated levels of TC (p = 0.03), TG (p = 0.03), LDL-C (p = 0.014), FBG (p = 0.001), LH:FSH ratio (p = 0.002), AMH (p = 0.0001), and testosterone (p = 0.003), but low progesterone (p = 0.001) and vitamin D (p = 0.033), alongside a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency (33.3% versus 26.1%) and insufficiency (66.7% versus 56.5%). Additionally, significant but weak correlations were observed between serum vitamin D levels and waist-hip ratio (r = 0.4, p = 0.016) and FBG (r = -0.4, p = 0.036) in the PCOS group, suggesting potential metabolic implications. Conclusion The PCOS subjects in this study had decreased vitamin D and progesterone levels, with elevated concentrations of testosterone, AMH, lipid profile (TC, LDL, and TG), FBG, and LH:FSH ratio. Studies on the therapeutic effect of vitamin D administration in managing PCOS will need to be further evaluated.
PubMed: 38800769
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60975 -
Nutrients May 2024Acne vulgaris is a widespread a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects millions of people around the world, which has a significant influence on patients' standard... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a widespread a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects millions of people around the world, which has a significant influence on patients' standard of living. The progression of this dermatosis results in the appearance of inflammatory and non-inflammatory changes, and, in severe cases, disfiguring scars and hyperpigmentation. The aetiopathogenesis of acne is complex. It involves a complex interaction of many different factors, both endo- and exogenous in their effect on the hair and sebaceous unit. Genetic predisposition, hormones, the skin and gut microbiome, psychological stress, air pollutants, aggressive facial products, and certain medications are cited as factors influencing acne formation. The link between nutrition and acne is extensively debated for many years and is still relatively controversial. Diet is commonly recognised to have a direct relationship with certain biochemical markers and the transcription of genes related to sebaceous gland function, and the proliferation of bacteria and inflammation that encourage the progression of the disease. In this review, the authors take a closer look at the existing scientific reports on the involvement of nutrition in the development of acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Nutritional Status; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Skin
PubMed: 38794714
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101476 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Conventional therapy is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, but undesirable effects, such as erythema, dryness, skin thinning, and... (Review)
Review
Conventional therapy is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, but undesirable effects, such as erythema, dryness, skin thinning, and resistance to treatment, may cause poor patient compliance. Therefore, patients may seek complementary treatment with herbal plant products including essential oils (EOs). This scoping review aims to generate a broad overview of the EOs used to treat inflammatory skin conditions, namely, acne vulgaris, dermatitis and eczema, psoriasis, and rosacea, in a clinical setting. The quality, efficacy, and safety of various EOs, as well as the way in which they are prepared, are reviewed, and the potential, as well as the limitations, of EOs for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions are discussed. Twenty-nine eligible studies (case studies, uncontrolled clinical studies, and randomized clinical studies) on the applications of EOs for inflammatory skin conditions were retrieved from scientific electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library). As an initial result, tea tree () oil emerged as the most studied EO. The clinical studies with tea tree oil gel for acne treatment showed an efficacy with fewer adverse reactions compared to conventional treatments. The uncontrolled studies indicated the potential efficacy of ajwain () oil, eucalyptus () oil, and cedarwood () oil in the treatment of acne, but further research is required to reach conclusive evidence. The placebo-controlled studies revealed the positive effects of kānuka () oil and frankincense ( spp.) oil in the treatment of psoriasis and eczema. The quality verification of the EO products was inconsistent, with some studies lacking analyses and transparency. The quality limitations of some studies included a small sample size, a short duration, and the absence of a control group. This present review underscores the need for extended, well-designed clinical studies to further assess the efficacy and safety of EOs for treating inflammatory skin conditions with products of assured quality and to further elucidate the mechanisms of action involved.
PubMed: 38794141
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050571 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: This study aims to evaluate the association between the use of oral isotretinoin and menstrual irregularities in acne patients with previously regular menstrual... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: This study aims to evaluate the association between the use of oral isotretinoin and menstrual irregularities in acne patients with previously regular menstrual cycles. : A prospective observational study was conducted on 58,599 female patients aged 14 to 36 at King Abdullah University Hospital in Irbid, Jordan. The patients were followed for a period of 4.5 to 8 months during treatment and for 2 months post-treatment. Menstrual cycle changes were documented, and statistical analysis was performed to identify any significant associations. : A total of 111 (37.1%) patients, who were previously known to have regular menstrual cycles, complained of menstrual changes while using oral isotretinoin. Ninety-nine of those patients who complained of menstrual changes had their cycles back to normal post-treatment. There is a significant difference in the total accumulative dose between those with changes in menses and those without; -value [0.008]. The most common change that occurred was amenorrhea ( < 0.001), followed by oligomenorrhea and menorrhagia ( < 0.001 and = 0.050, respectively). The duration of treatment was a significant predictor of menstrual irregularities, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.106 (95% CI: 1.371-19.020, = 0.015), indicating a higher likelihood of menstrual changes with increased treatment duration. The total accumulative dose was also significantly associated with menstrual irregularities (OR = 0.964; 95% CI: 0.939-0.990; = 0.006). Additionally, a family history of PCOS significantly increased the odds of menstrual irregularities (OR = 3.783; 95% CI: 1.314-10.892; = 0.014). : The study identified that 37.1% of the participants experienced changes in their menstrual cycles while undergoing isotretinoin therapy, with the vast majority (89.2%) returning to normal within two months post-treatment. Our logistic regression analysis pinpointed the duration of isotretinoin treatment, the total accumulative dose, and a family history of PCOS as significant predictors of menstrual irregularities.
Topics: Humans; Female; Isotretinoin; Prospective Studies; Adult; Menstrual Cycle; Menstruation Disturbances; Jordan; Adolescent; Young Adult; Administration, Oral; Acne Vulgaris; Dermatologic Agents
PubMed: 38793015
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050832 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024Skin cancer is a global and increasingly prevalent issue, causing significant individual and economic damage. UV filters in sunscreens play a major role in mitigating... (Review)
Review
Skin cancer is a global and increasingly prevalent issue, causing significant individual and economic damage. UV filters in sunscreens play a major role in mitigating the risks that solar ultraviolet ra-diation poses to the human organism. While empirically effective, multiple adverse effects of these compounds are discussed in the media and in scientific research. UV filters are blamed for the dis-ruption of endocrine processes and vitamin D synthesis, damaging effects on the environment, induction of acne and neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Some of these allegations are based on scientific facts while others are simply arbitrary. This is especially dangerous considering the risks of exposing unprotected skin to the sun. In summary, UV filters approved by the respective governing bodies are safe for human use and their proven skin cancer-preventing properties make them in-dispensable for sensible sun protection habits. Nonetheless, compounds like octocrylene and ben-zophenone-3 that are linked to the harming of marine ecosystems could be omitted from skin care regimens in favor of the myriad of non-toxic UV filters.
PubMed: 38792526
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102986 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and phytochemicals as potential treatments for acne vulgaris. This condition,... (Review)
Review
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and phytochemicals as potential treatments for acne vulgaris. This condition, characterized by chronic inflammation, predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Conventional treatment typically targets the key factors contributing to its development: the proliferation of and the associated inflammation. However, these treatments often involve the use of potent drugs. As a result, the exploration of herbal medicine as a complementary approach has emerged as a promising strategy. By harnessing the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants and phytochemicals, it may be possible to address acne vulgaris while minimizing the reliance on strong drugs. This approach not only offers potential benefits for individuals seeking alternative treatments but also underscores the importance of natural remedies of plant origin in dermatological care. The primary aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of plants and their phytochemical constituents in the management of mild acne vulgaris. A comprehensive search of scientific databases was conducted from 2018 to September 2023. The findings of this review suggest that medicinal plants and their phytochemical components hold promise as treatments for mild acne vulgaris. However, it is crucial to note that further research employing high-quality evidence and standardized methodologies is essential to substantiate their efficacy and safety profiles.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Plants, Medicinal; Humans; Phytochemicals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Plant Extracts; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38792254
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102394 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a saponin compound, isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which has been wildly explored for its intriguing pharmacological and...
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a saponin compound, isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which has been wildly explored for its intriguing pharmacological and medicinal effects. GA is a triterpenoid glycoside displaying an array of pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral and antioxidative properties. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of GA on acne vulgaris through network pharmacology and proteomics. After the intersection of the 154 drug targets and 581 disease targets, 37 therapeutic targets for GA against acne were obtained. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted TNF, IL1B, IL6, ESR1, PPARG, NFKB1, STAT3 and TLR4 as key targets of GA against acne, which is further verified by molecular docking. The experimental results showed that GA inhibited lipid synthesis in vitro and in vivo, improved the histopathological damage of skin, prevented mast cell infiltration and decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. This study indicates that GA may regulate multiple pathways to improve acne symptoms, and the beneficial effects of GA against acne vulgaris might be through the regulation of sebogenesis and inflammatory responses.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Animals; Molecular Docking Simulation; Humans; Network Pharmacology; Mice; Protein Interaction Maps; Cytokines; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Proteomics; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38792208
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102345 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Retinoids; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 38791344
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302 -
Medicine May 2024Acne is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit, which seriously affects the appearance and mental health of patients. Bibliometrics is the...
BACKGROUND
Acne is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit, which seriously affects the appearance and mental health of patients. Bibliometrics is the statistical analysis of academic literature in a certain field. We aimed to characterize the 100 most cited articles on acne from a bibliometric perspective, as well as explore the frontier hotspots and trends of acne.
METHODS
A search was conducted on the Web of Science database on August 8, 2023. we employed the terms "acne," "acne Vulgaris," and "common acne" in our search. The top 100 articles with the most citations throughout the time frame of 2014 to 2023 were discovered and assessed. The visualization study was carried out using bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.18, and MapChart.
RESULTS
The top 100 most cited articles were published between 2014 and 2021, originated from a diverse range of 48 countries, with a predominant focus on the United States of America (USA) and Germany. The top 100 papers were cited between 50 and 712 times. Dreno B, from Nantes University, was the most frequently nominated author. With 12 papers, the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology contributed the most to the top 100 list. Alongside the term "acne", the following terms or phrases were observed frequency in the top 100 articles, Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous, western diet, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus-epidermidis, insulinlike growth factor 1, benzoyl peroxide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Alongside the term "acne", terms or phrases such as Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous, western diet, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus-epidermidis, insulinlike growth factor 1, benzoyl peroxide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc also have a high frequency in the top 100 articles.
CONCLUSION
This analysis summarizes the shifting trends of acne research over the last decades. Research on acne is currently flourishing. The related pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in future research.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Bibliometrics; Humans; Biomedical Research; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 38788015
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037657