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Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused severe soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) necessitating effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation is a...
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused severe soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) necessitating effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation is a widely adopted technology for remediating Cd-contaminated soil. Previous studies have shown that has a high Cd accumulation capacity and tolerance indicating its potential for Cd soil remediation. However, the mechanisms underlying its response to Cd stress remain unclear. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were conducted to explore the response of roots to Cd stress at different time points. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in , which simultaneously activated its antioxidant defense system, enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 19.73%-50%, 22.87%-38.89%, and 32.31%-45.40% at 12 h, 36 h, 72 h, and 7 days, respectively, compared with those in the control (CK). Moreover, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed 245, 5,708, 9,834, and 2,323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), along with 66, 62, 156, and 90 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) at 12 h, 36 h, 72 h, and 7 days, respectively. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of physiological indicators and transcript expression, eight hub genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and metal transport were identified. In addition, integrative analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic data highlighted the activation of lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways under Cd stress suggesting that these pathways play crucial roles in the detoxification process and in enhancing Cd tolerance in . This comprehensive study provides detailed insights into the response mechanisms of to Cd toxicity.
PubMed: 38916029
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389207 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Gambling disorder (GD) is a pressing public health concern with significant societal costs. The recently developed nudge theory, which is rooted in behavioral economics,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gambling disorder (GD) is a pressing public health concern with significant societal costs. The recently developed nudge theory, which is rooted in behavioral economics, aims to influence the decision-making behaviors of individuals by implementing changes in the environment.
AIM
This scoping review aims to synthesize the literature on nudge theory as it relates to gambling.
METHODS
This scoping review accords with the Arksey and O'Malley framework, as refined by Levac et al. It includes only articles from peer-reviewed journals that focus, as main themes, on both nudge theory and gambling. The final study selection includes six articles.
RESULTS
The scoping review process led to studies explaining how (1) nudges aim to prod people toward healthier gambling choices, fostering the adoption of more responsible gambling practices, and (2) some gambling features, called dark nudges (or sludges), exploit and harm the decision-making processes of people who gamble.
CONCLUSION
This scoping review highlights the fact that many stakeholders are involved in the field of gambling, and that better cooperation between them would promote safer and more responsible gambling practices. Future research is also needed to empirically test nudges to develop a better understanding of their impact on those who gamble.
Topics: Gambling; Humans; Decision Making; Psychological Theory; Choice Behavior; Behavior, Addictive; Economics, Behavioral
PubMed: 38915754
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377183 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Death anxiety and maladaptive coping accompany breast cancer diagnoses. The coping mechanisms and death anxiety among Palestinian patients with breast cancer have not...
BACKGROUND
Death anxiety and maladaptive coping accompany breast cancer diagnoses. The coping mechanisms and death anxiety among Palestinian patients with breast cancer have not been studied.
AIM
To assess the prevalence of death anxiety and its relationship with coping strategies among Palestinian women with breast cancer who are treated in Beit Jala Governmental Hospital in Bethlehem.
METHOD
A cross-sectional design was used, and 214 breast cancer patients who visited the Beit Jala Governmental Hospital in Bethlehem were recruited. Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Brief COPE Scale were used. To investigate the relationship between coping strategies and death anxiety, frequency, percentages, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlation tests were utilized.
RESULTS
The results indicated that 58.40% of the patients experienced death anxiety. The participants who used positive reframing (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.487, = < 0.026), self-blame (AOR = 1.309, = < 0.023), and religion (AOR = 1.260, = < 0.031) as coping mechanisms were more likely to experience death anxiety. Conversely, the participants who adopted substance use (AOR = 0.657, < 0.005) and active coping (AOR = 0.629, < 0.007) as coping strategies had a lower likelihood of experiencing death anxiety.
CONCLUSION
The study revealed that breast cancer patients tended to use a combination of functional and emotional coping strategies and that a significant proportion of these patients (58.4%) experienced symptoms of death anxiety. This study emphasizes the significance of screening for death anxiety and understanding the coping strategies utilized by the patients. Gaining this understanding will assist in identifying patients who need more guidance and support.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adaptation, Psychological; Breast Neoplasms; Arabs; Middle Aged; Anxiety; Adult; Attitude to Death; Surveys and Questionnaires; Prevalence; Aged; Coping Skills
PubMed: 38915747
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1420306 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024In the emerging post-pandemic era (the 'wavelet' era), humans must coexist with viruses for the foreseeable future, and personal protective behaviors will largely...
In the emerging post-pandemic era (the 'wavelet' era), humans must coexist with viruses for the foreseeable future, and personal protective behaviors will largely replace national-level preventive measures. In this new normal, encouraging the public to implement proper personal protective behaviors against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is vital to the sustainable development of cities and communities. This knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) survey conducted in Chengdu ( = 900) narrowed the knowledge gap regarding post-pandemic public practices of protective behavior. Findings show that:(1) approximately 1/3 of the respondents are currently not concerned about COVID-19 at all; (2) respondents with different demographics and individual COVID-19-related factors showed significant differences in practice behaviors indoors and outdoors; (3) vulnerable groups performed better in practice behavior indoors/outdoors; (4) because the public may relax their vigilance outdoors, public places may become a transmission threat in the next outbreak; (5) attitudes are important, but limited incentives for practice; and (6) when knowledge increases beyond a threshold (68.75-75% in this study), protective behaviors decrease. Our results suggest that authorities must continue to educate and motivate the public, extending measures to cover personal protective practices, and have targeted policies for specific demographics to ensure equity in healthcare in the event of another pandemic (COVID-19 and alike crisis). Besides, comparing the results of the current study with similar studies conducted in other parts of the world can provide insights into how different populations respond to and adopt COVID-19 protective behaviors. The epidemiologists can use the data collected by this and other KAP surveys to refine epidemiologic models, which can help predict the spread of the virus and the impact of interventions in different settings.
PubMed: 38915426
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1411055 -
Health Science Reports Jun 2024Despite being preventable, cervical cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among Bangladeshi women. This article addresses the trends in Bangladesh's response to...
BACKGROUND
Despite being preventable, cervical cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among Bangladeshi women. This article addresses the trends in Bangladesh's response to the World Health Organization's (WHO) request for the eradication of cervical cancer within the nation.
DISCUSSION
When it comes to cervical cancer, healthcare institutions need to be concerned in terms of protocols for diagnosis and treatment, staff education, and available resources. More than a quarter of all female cancers in Bangladesh are caused by cervical cancer, which can be prevented through better healthcare infrastructure, earlier diagnosis, more qualified healthcare professionals, improved urban and rural hospital infrastructure, community-based clinics, expanded affordable vaccinations, school-based delivery systems, adoption of single-dose vaccine schedules, raising awareness, and compiling a registry of previously affected results. WHO applauds Bangladesh's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for its efforts to develop the National Strategy for cervical cancer prevention and control, which will guide and strengthen the country's activities to prevent and treat cervical cancer.
CONCLUSION
The endeavor to eradicate this global disease burden should not be limited to Bangladesh; all nations should participate collectively to prevent the malignancy from returning and threatening human civilization.
PubMed: 38915360
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2178 -
Health Science Reports Jun 2024The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized plastic surgery and prosthetic devices, providing personalized solutions for patients with traumatic injuries, deformities,...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized plastic surgery and prosthetic devices, providing personalized solutions for patients with traumatic injuries, deformities, and appearance-related conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of 3D printing's applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects in these fields.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for studies on 3D printing in plastic surgery.
RESULTS
3D printing has significantly contributed to personalized medical interventions, with benefits like enhanced design flexibility, reduced production time, and improved patient outcomes. Using computer-aided design (CAD) software, precise models tailored to a patient's anatomy can be created, ensuring better fit, functionality, and comfort. 3D printing allows for intricate geometries, leading to improved aesthetic outcomes and patient-specific prosthetic limbs and orthoses. The historical development of 3D printing, key milestones, and breakthroughs are highlighted. Recent progress in bioprinting and tissue engineering shows promising applications in regenerative medicine and transplantation. The integration of AI and automation with 3D printing enhances surgical planning and outcomes. Emerging trends in patient-specific treatment planning and precision medicine are potential game-changers. However, challenges like technical considerations, economic implications, and ethical issues exist. Addressing these challenges and advancing research in materials, design processes, and long-term outcomes are crucial for widespread adoption.
CONCLUSION
The review underscores the increasing adoption of 3D printing in healthcare and its impact on plastic surgery and prosthetic devices. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating the current state and addressing knowledge gaps through future research to foster further advancements.
PubMed: 38915353
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2205 -
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2024Coping with residual cognitive and gait impairments is a prominent unmet need in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Motor-cognitive exergames may be promising...
BACKGROUND
Coping with residual cognitive and gait impairments is a prominent unmet need in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Motor-cognitive exergames may be promising to address this unmet need. However, many studies have so far implemented motor-cognitive exergame interventions in an unstructured manner and suitable application protocols remain yet unclear. We, therefore, aimed to summarize existing literature on this topic, and developed a training concept for motor-cognitive exergame interventions in chronic stroke.
METHODS
The development of the training concept for personalized motor-cognitive exergame training for stroke (PEMOCS) followed Theory Derivation procedures. This comprised (1.1) a thorough (narrative) literature search on long-term stroke rehabilitation; (1.2) a wider literature search beyond the topic of interest to identify analogies, and to induce creativity; (2) the identification of parent theories; (3) the adoption of suitable content or structure of the main parent theory; and (4) the induction of modifications to adapt it to the new field of interest. We also considered several aspects of the "Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions" by the Medical Research Council. Specifically, a feasibility study was conducted, and refining actions based on the findings were performed.
RESULTS
A training concept for improving cognitive functions and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors should consider the principles for neuroplasticity, (motor) skill learning, and training. We suggest using a step-based exergame training for at least 12 weeks, 2-3 times a week for approximately 45 min. Gentile's Taxonomy for Motor Learning was identified as suitable fundament for the personalized progression and variability rules, and extended by a third cognitive dimension. Concepts and models from related fields inspired further additions and modifications to the concept.
CONCLUSION
We propose the PEMOCS concept for improving cognitive functioning and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors, which serves as a guide for structuring and implementing motor-cognitive exergame interventions. Future research should focus on developing objective performance parameters that enable personalized progression independent of the chosen exergame type.
PubMed: 38915297
DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1397949 -
Trials Jun 2024The Movethehip trial investigates the effectiveness of an exercise and patient education intervention for adults with acetabular dysplasia. The intervention involves...
An exercise and patient education intervention to reduce pain and physical limitations in adults with acetabular dysplasia: study protocol for a process evaluation integrated within a randomised controlled trial (the MovetheHip trial).
BACKGROUND
The Movethehip trial investigates the effectiveness of an exercise and patient education intervention for adults with acetabular dysplasia. The intervention involves eight tailored one-to-one sessions with trained providers who employ supportive feedback tools. The present protocol reports a planned process evaluation, which aims to determine how the intervention functions by examining the implementation of the intervention (process, dose and reach), its acceptability, mechanisms of change and the influence of contextual factors.
METHODS
Two hundred trial participants aged 18-50 years will be recruited from a University Hospital in Denmark and randomised to the intervention or control group. Approximately ten providers will deliver the intervention. The process evaluation adopts a concurrent mixed-methods design. The implementation will be assessed using self-report questionnaires (at baseline and 6-month follow-up), training records and semi-structured focus group interviews with intervention providers (n = 10) and healthcare managers (n = 4-6). The mechanisms of change will be explored through semi-structured one-to-one interviews (at baseline and 6-month follow-up) with 15-20 purposefully sampled participants and by measuring changes in health outcomes (self-reported pain, physical functioning and quality of life completed at baseline and at 3- and 6-month follow-up). Additionally, change will be measured through an explorative examination of associations between dose and change in health outcomes, applying simple linear regression models. The acceptability of the intervention and the influence of contextual factors will be explored through one-to-one participant interviews and focus group interviews with 4-6 healthcare managers. The interviews will focus on expectations, experiences, events, personal understandings and interaction with interpersonal and organisational aspects. Interview data will be analysed using theoretical thematic analyses, and findings will be merged with quantitative data and reported jointly on a theme-by-theme basis.
DISCUSSION
The process evaluation conducted as part of the MovetheHip trial will illuminate how the intervention functions, and if the intervention is proven effective, the findings of the evaluation will contribute to pinpoint how the intervention may be optimised to facilitate future up-scaling and implementation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The MovetheHip protocol was approved by the Committee on Health Research Ethics in the Central Denmark Region. ClinicalTrials, NCT04795843. Registered on 20 March 2021.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Patient Education as Topic; Denmark; Exercise Therapy; Adult; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Acetabulum; Female; Time Factors; Male; Pain Measurement; Functional Status; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Quality of Life; Hospitals, University; Disability Evaluation; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 38915128
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08262-y -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jun 2024First rib tumors are extremely rare. Its compression of neurovascularity can easily lead to severe complications such as thoracic outlet syndrome, so early surgical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
First rib tumors are extremely rare. Its compression of neurovascularity can easily lead to severe complications such as thoracic outlet syndrome, so early surgical resection is crucial. However, there is no standardized approach to surgery.
CASE PRESENTATION
A previously healthy 18-year-old Chinese male undergoes a chest computed tomography (CT) scan that incidentally reveals a raised calcified mass on the right first rib, which is most likely an osteochondroma when combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We achieved excellent results with resection and thoracic reconstruction by adopting an inverse L-shaped incision in the anterior chest and a longitudinal split of the sternum.
CONCLUSIONS
Our practice provides great reference for the surgical management of first rib tumors.
Topics: Humans; Male; Ribs; Osteochondroma; Adolescent; Bone Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manubrium
PubMed: 38915107
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02902-9 -
Implementation Science : IS Jun 2024Studies of implementation strategies range in rigor, design, and evaluated outcomes, presenting interpretation challenges for practitioners and researchers. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies of implementation strategies range in rigor, design, and evaluated outcomes, presenting interpretation challenges for practitioners and researchers. This systematic review aimed to describe the body of research evidence testing implementation strategies across diverse settings and domains, using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy to classify strategies and the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to classify outcomes.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of studies examining implementation strategies from 2010-2022 and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021235592). We searched databases using terms "implementation strategy", "intervention", "bundle", "support", and their variants. We also solicited study recommendations from implementation science experts and mined existing systematic reviews. We included studies that quantitatively assessed the impact of at least one implementation strategy to improve health or health care using an outcome that could be mapped to the five evaluation dimensions of RE-AIM. Only studies meeting prespecified methodologic standards were included. We described the characteristics of studies and frequency of implementation strategy use across study arms. We also examined common strategy pairings and cooccurrence with significant outcomes.
FINDINGS
Our search resulted in 16,605 studies; 129 met inclusion criteria. Studies tested an average of 6.73 strategies (0-20 range). The most assessed outcomes were Effectiveness (n=82; 64%) and Implementation (n=73; 56%). The implementation strategies most frequently occurring in the experimental arm were Distribute Educational Materials (n=99), Conduct Educational Meetings (n=96), Audit and Provide Feedback (n=76), and External Facilitation (n=59). These strategies were often used in combination. Nineteen implementation strategies were frequently tested and associated with significantly improved outcomes. However, many strategies were not tested sufficiently to draw conclusions.
CONCLUSION
This review of 129 methodologically rigorous studies built upon prior implementation science data syntheses to identify implementation strategies that had been experimentally tested and summarized their impact on outcomes across diverse outcomes and clinical settings. We present recommendations for improving future similar efforts.
Topics: Humans; Implementation Science; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 38915102
DOI: 10.1186/s13012-024-01369-5