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CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems... May 2024Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can alter pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and the drug may adsorb to the CPB device, altering exposure. Cefazolin is a beta-lactam...
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can alter pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and the drug may adsorb to the CPB device, altering exposure. Cefazolin is a beta-lactam antibiotic used for antimicrobial prophylaxis during cardiac surgery supported by CPB. Adsorption of cefazolin could result in therapeutic failure. An ex vivo study was undertaken using CPB devices primed and then dosed with cefazolin and samples were obtained over 1 hour of recirculation. Twelve experimental runs were conducted using different CPB device sizes (neonate, infant, child, and adult), device coatings (Xcoating™, Rheoparin®, PH.I.S.I.O), and priming solutions. The time course of saturable binding, using B (binding capacity), K (dissociation constant), and T2 (half-time of dissociation), described cefazolin adsorption. B estimates for the device sizes were neonate 40.0 mg (95% CI 24.3, 67.4), infant 48.6 mg (95% CI 5.97, 80.2), child 77.8 mg (95% CI 54.9, 103), and adult 196 mg (95% CI 191, 199). The Xcoating™ K estimate was 139 mg/L (95% CI 27.0, 283) and the T2 estimate was 98.4 min (95% CI 66.8, 129). The Rheoparin® and PH.I.S.I.O coatings had similar binding parameters with K and T2 estimates of 0.169 mg/L (95% CI 0.01, 1.99) and 4.94 min (95% CI 0.17, 59.4). The B was small (< 10%) relative to a typical total patient dose during cardiac surgery supported by CPB. A dose adjustment for cefazolin based solely on drug adsorption is not required. This framework could be extended to other PK studies involving CPB.
PubMed: 38813588
DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13180 -
Heliyon May 2024In this novel research, S-scheme AgCrO/g-CN heterojunctions were generated by sonochemical hybridization of different compositions of AgCrO nanoparticles...
In this novel research, S-scheme AgCrO/g-CN heterojunctions were generated by sonochemical hybridization of different compositions of AgCrO nanoparticles [E = +2.21 eV] and g-CN sheets [E = -1.3 eV] for destructing RhB dye under artificial solar radiation. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were subjected to X-ray diffraction [XRD], diffuse reflectance spectrum [DRS], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS], N-adsorption-desorption isotherm, photoluminescence [PL] and high resolution transmission electron microscope [HRTEM] analysis to explore the interfacial interactions between g-CN sheets and AgCrO nanoparticles. Spherical AgCrO nanoparticles deposited homogeneously on the wrinkles points of g-CN sheets at nearly equidistant from each other facilitating the uniform absorption of solar radiations. The absorbability of solar radiations was enhanced by introducing 20 wt % AgCrO on g-CN sheets. The surface area of g-CN sheets was reduced from 37.5 to 16.4 m/g and PL signal intensity diminished by 80 % implying the successful interfacial interaction between AgCrO nanoparticles and g-CN sheets. The photocatalytic performance of heterojunctions containing 20 % AgCrO and 80 % g-CN destructed 96 % of RhB dye compared with 60 and 33 % removal on the surface of pristine g-CN sheets and AgCrO, respectively. Benzoquinone and ammonium oxalate are strongly scavenged the dye decomposition revealing the strong influence of valence band holes of AgCrO and superoxide radicals in destructing RhB dye under solar radiations. S-scheme charge transportation mechanism was suggested rather than type II heterojunction on the light of scavenger trapping experiments results and PL spectrum of terephthalic acid. Overall, this research work illustrated the manipulation of novel S-scheme heterojunction with efficient redox power for destructing various organic pollutants persisted in water resources.
PubMed: 38813157
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31221 -
Frontiers in Fungal Biology 2024Fungal melanin is an underexplored natural biomaterial of great biotechnological interest in different areas. This study investigated the physical, chemical,...
INTRODUCION
Fungal melanin is an underexplored natural biomaterial of great biotechnological interest in different areas. This study investigated the physical, chemical, electrochemical, and metal-binding properties of melanin extracted from the metallotolerant black fungus strain IRTA-M2-F10.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specific inhibitory studies with tricyclazole and biochemical profiling of whole cells by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectral microscopy (SR-FTIRM) were performed. An optimized extraction protocol was implemented, and purified fungal melanin was characterized using an array of spectrophotometric techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, and EPR) and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. The metal-binding capacity of melanin extracts was also assessed by using Cr(VI) as a model heavy metal.
RESULTS
Inhibitory studies indicated that 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene may be the main precursor molecule of melanin (DHN-melanin). The biochemical characterization of fungal melanin extracts were benchmarked against those from two melanins comprising the precursor molecule L-3,4-dihydroxiphenylalanine (DOPA-melanin): extracts from the ink of the cephalopod and DOPA-melanin synthesized in the laboratory. The CV results of melanin extracts incubated with and without cell suspensions of the electroconductive bacterium were indicative of novel semiquinone/hydroquinone redox transformations specific for each melanin type. These interactions may play an important role in cation exchange for the adsorption of metals and in microbial interspecies electron transfer processes.
DISCUSSION
The obtained results provided further evidence for the DHN-nature of melanin. The FTIR profiling of melanin extracts exposed to Cr(VI), compared to unexposed melanin, resulted in useful information on the distinct surface-binding properties of fungal melanin. The parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlicht isotherms for the adsorption of Cr(VI) were determined and compared to bibliographic data. Altogether, the inherent properties of fungal melanin suggest its promising potential as a biomaterial for environmental applications.
PubMed: 38812984
DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1390724 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Burning fossil fuels emits a significant amount of , causing climate change concerns. Capture and Storage (CCS) aims to reduce emissions, with fullerenes showing...
Burning fossil fuels emits a significant amount of , causing climate change concerns. Capture and Storage (CCS) aims to reduce emissions, with fullerenes showing promise as adsorbents. Recent research focuses on modifying fullerenes using an electric field. In light of this, we carried out DFT studies on some B, N, and P doped ( , n = 0, 1, 2, and 3; X = B, N, and P) in the absence and presence of an electric field in the range of 0-0.02 a.u.. The cohesive energy was calculated to ensure their thermodynamic stability showing, that despite having lesser cohesive energies than , they appear in a favorable range. Moreover, the charge distribution for all structures was depicted using the ESP map. Most importantly, we evaluated the adsorption energy, height, and angle, demonstrating the B and N-doped fullerenes had the stronger interaction with , which by far exceeded 's, improving its physisorption to physicochemical adsorption. Although the adsorption energy of P-doped fullerenes was not as satisfactory, in most cases, increasing the electric field led to enhancing adsorption and incorporating chemical attributes to -fullerene interaction. The HOMO-LUMO plots were obtained by which we discovered that unlike the P-doped , the surprising activity of B and N-doped s against originates from a high concentration of the HOMO-LUMO orbitals on B, N and neighboring atoms. In the present article, we attempt to introduce more effective fullerene-based materials for adsorption as well as strategies to enhance their efficiency and revealing adsorption nature over B, N, and P-doped fullerenes and in the end, hope to encourage more experimental research on these materials within growing electric field for capture in the future.
PubMed: 38811697
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62301-x -
RSC Advances May 2024In this study, we synthesized mixed ligand complexes of the -[Co(tn)(Rpy)Br]Br type using a novel mechanochemical approach. Characterization involved spectral...
In this study, we synthesized mixed ligand complexes of the -[Co(tn)(Rpy)Br]Br type using a novel mechanochemical approach. Characterization involved spectral measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming the structure of the -[Co(tn)(4-Mepy)Br]Br complex. The single crystal refinement data revealed a monoclinic crystal system with a distorted octahedral geometry. The choice of the sixth ligand influenced the emission and magnetic properties, showing a ferromagnetic character in the Co(iii)-complex environment. We investigated efficient electron transfer to the cobalt(iii) center using TiO nanoparticles under UV-light irradiation. The adsorption characteristics of -[Co(tn)(Rpy)Br]Br in aqueous 2-propanol varied, leading to surface compound formation. Under UV irradiation, the anatase surface exhibited remarkable adsorption capabilities, facilitating efficient electron transfer to the Co(iii) center and resulting in a high photoefficiency for Co(ii) formation. Our study has put forward a model for interfacial electron transfer (IET), taking into account the overlap between the TiO conduction band and the acceptor level of the Co center, as well as the electronic coupling between the donor level of the Ti center and the acceptor level of the Co center. This model sheds light on the accumulation of electrons for reducing the adhered complex ion. The IET process was corroborated by the conversion of 2-propanol into acetone, as verified by H NMR technique. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the role of the Rpy moiety in modifying the structure of the TiO-cobalt(iii)-Rpy compound and propose a mechanism for IET reactions, thus advancing the field.
PubMed: 38808249
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02648a -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2024Each year, the rising demand for palm oil generates large amounts of palm kernel shell waste. Discarded palm kernel shells can produce activated carbon, crushed shells,...
Examining the ability of palm kernel shell extract to control corrosion and assess its economic value on thermo-mechanically treated steel in artificial seawater: a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach.
Each year, the rising demand for palm oil generates large amounts of palm kernel shell waste. Discarded palm kernel shells can produce activated carbon, crushed shells, liquified fumes, and other derivatives; however, their indiscriminate disposal persists, raising issues related to the environment and economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the use of palm kernel shell as a corrosion inhibitor for thermo-mechanically treated steel in a seawater environment using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques, as well as surface tests at varying concentrations. The findings demonstrated that the palm kernel shell inhibited the cathodic and anodic processes by adsorption on the steel surface, which followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibitor exhibited a 98% inhibitory efficiency at 500 ppm concentration. Scanning electron microscopy analysis verified the thin films of the inhibitor on steel surface in seawater solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the extract's components prevent the steel corrosion through an adsorptive mechanism. According to the inhibitor economic evaluation, employing the palm kernel shell extract is less expensive than utilizing conventional inhibitors.
PubMed: 38807979
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1396565 -
Heliyon May 2024The study focuses on the preparation of activated carbon from (PJAC) wood by pyrolysis and chemical activation. The objective is to assess its effectiveness as an...
The study focuses on the preparation of activated carbon from (PJAC) wood by pyrolysis and chemical activation. The objective is to assess its effectiveness as an adsorbent for synthesizing a composite adsorbent coating (CAC) for Cadmium (Cd) removal from aqueous solution. The effect of preparation factors related to Cd removal efficiency was assessed. The Design of Experiments (DoE) for the adsorption of Cd on the PJAC were done using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) (Design Expert software version 11). The influence of impregnation ratio (IR), carbonization time (t), and carbonization temperature (T) on the Cd (II) percent (%) removal was evaluated. The response surface graphs in 3D were also generated for the response variable, and the higher R coefficient values were fitted into the polynomial quadric model. The results indicated that all the variable preparation factors were significant in the Cd removal by PJAC with carbonization temperature being the most significant. At the optimum conditions i.e. impregnation ratio (1.8), carbonization temperature (595 °C) and carbonization time (174 min), the model predicted a 99.9 % Cd removal efficiency while the adsorption experiment obtained a 96.7 % removal efficiency, respectively. Later, the morphological and chemical properties of the PJAC prepared with optimal parameters were analyzed using different characterization techniques including S, SEM-EDX, pH, FTIR and XRD. The SEM images revealed a rough and porous morphological surface with an S of 600.4 m/g and a near neutral pH of 6.92. The XRD pattern indicated the crystalline nature of the prepared adsorbent. The pre and post adsorption FTIR spectrum of the PJAC demonstrated a distinct difference with the latter showing a reduction in peak intensity and height. These results underpin the potential of utilizing invasive plants like as adsorbents for heavy metal removal.
PubMed: 38807898
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31357 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C,... May 2024The pore network architecture of porous heterogeneous catalyst supports has a significant effect on the kinetics of mass transfer occurring within them. Therefore,...
The pore network architecture of porous heterogeneous catalyst supports has a significant effect on the kinetics of mass transfer occurring within them. Therefore, characterizing and understanding structure-transport relationships is essential to guide new designs of heterogeneous catalysts with higher activity and selectivity and superior resistance to deactivation. This study combines classical characterization via N adsorption and desorption and mercury porosimetry with advanced scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and processing approaches to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of γ-alumina (γ-AlO), a catalyst support of great industrial relevance. Based on this, a model is proposed for the spatial organization of γ-AlO, containing alumina inclusions of different porosities with respect to the alumina matrix. Using original, advanced SEM image analysis techniques, including deep learning semantic segmentation and porosity measurement under gray-level calibration, the inclusion volume fraction and interphase porosity difference were identified and quantified as the key parameters that served as input for effective tortuosity factor predictions using effective medium theory (EMT)-based models. For the studied aluminas, spatial porosity heterogeneity impact on the effective tortuosity factor was found to be negligible, yet it was proven to become significant for an inclusion content of at least 30% and an interphase porosity difference of over 20%. The proposed methodology based on machine-learning-supported image analysis, in conjunction with other analytical techniques, is a general platform that should have a broader impact on porous materials characterization.
PubMed: 38807629
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00323 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Eco-friendly and renewable composite beads were constructed for efficient adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) ions. Attapulgite (ATP) clay decorated with cetylpyridinium...
Eco-friendly and renewable composite beads were constructed for efficient adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) ions. Attapulgite (ATP) clay decorated with cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr) was impregnated into cellulose acetate (CA) beads, which were formulated through a simple and cost-effective solvent-exchange approach. FTIR, XRD, SEM, Zeta potential, and XPS characterization tools verified the successful formation of ATP-CPBr@CA beads. The composite beads displayed a spherical and porous shape with a positively charged surface (26.6 mV) at pH 2. In addition, higher adsorption performance was accomplished by ATP-CPBr@CA composite beads with ease of separation compared to their components. Meanwhile, equilibrium isotherms pointed out that the Langmuir model was optimal for describing the adsorption process of Cr (VI) with a maximal adsorption capacity of 302 mg/g. Moreover, the D-R isotherm model verified the physical adsorption process, while adsorption data obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Further, XPS results hypothesized that the removal mechanism involves adsorption via electrostatic interactions, redox reaction, and co-precipitation. Interestingly, the ATP-CPBr@CA composite beads reserved tolerable adsorption characteristics with a maximum removal present exceeding 70% after reuse for seven successive cycles, proposing its feasible applicability as a reusable and easy-separable candidate for removing heavy metals from aquatic bodies.
PubMed: 38806605
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62378-4 -
Heliyon May 2024The study investigated the effectiveness of Mg/Al LDH-zeolite (MALZ) in immobilizing exchangeable Cr (e-Cr) within the soil. The research systematically evaluated...
The study investigated the effectiveness of Mg/Al LDH-zeolite (MALZ) in immobilizing exchangeable Cr (e-Cr) within the soil. The research systematically evaluated various variables affecting the immobilization of e-Cr in contaminated soil (CS), including soil pH levels (ranging from 5.0 to 9.0), different weight ratios of MALZ (1 %, 3 %, and 5 %), durations of differing incubation periods (15, 30 and 45 days), and different SM content levels (30 %, 50 %, and 70 %). The initial concentration of Cr in the CS was maintained at 50 mg/kg. The investigation findings revealed that the optimal conditions for immobilizing the e-Cr were a soil pH of 5.0, an MALZ weight ratio of 3 %, an incubation period of 30 days, and an SM level of 70 %. Under these ideal conditions, the percentage of e-Cr within the CS decreased significantly, from 87.49 % (45.64 mg/kg) in the control treatment (CT) to just 19.82 % (10.08 mg/kg) when incubated with MALZ. The primary mechanisms responsible for immobilizing the e-Cr onto MALZ included pore filling, reduction processes, co-precipitation, organic interactions and electrostatic attractions leading to the formation of carbonate-bound complexes such as Cr(VI)-carbonate, Cr(III)-carbonate, and organic complexes. Surface functional groups on MALZ, housing iron and aluminium oxyhydroxides and silicon and oxygen elements, expedited these procedures. This study provided a valuable understanding of the mitigation of soils contaminated with chromium and contributed to understanding the relations between MALZ and the e-Cr in the soil. The discoveries carry substantial consequences for the advancement of efficient remediation technologies.
PubMed: 38803945
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31084