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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Omphalitis, commonly caused by opportunistic bacteria has been significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves. is a commensal and...
Omphalitis, commonly caused by opportunistic bacteria has been significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves. is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen that can cause suppurative infection in farm animals. Our case involved a 10-day-old female Korean indigenous calf that presented with umbilical enlargement accompanied by a greenish-yellow purulent discharge and right forelimb lameness. The calf was diagnosed with failure of passive transfer at 24 h of age. Physical examination found hypothermia (38.1°C), tachycardia (110 beats/min), tachypnea (47 cycles/min), and open mouth breathing. Ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic pus in the 9th and 10th right intercostals, for which a liver abscess due to omphalophlebitis was suspected. After 3 days, the calf died. was detected in the umbilical cord, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, mesenteric lymph node, urinary bladder, and bladder ligament. All genes related to the virulent factors (i.e., , and ) were also identified, with and being associated with pathogenicity. A final diagnosis of omphalitis was established based on the identification of virulent and umbilical cord dilatation on ultrasonography. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that the isolated was susceptible to amoxicillin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, suggesting the suitability of these antibiotics for treating -induced omphalitis. Hence, accurate and rapid diagnosis of the involved bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can help guide therapeutic decisions. Our case provides useful information that could aid large animal clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of -induced omphalitis.
PubMed: 38872804
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1362352 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Dengue virus (DENV), mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most prevalent arbovirus worldwide, representing a public health problem in tropical and...
Dengue virus (DENV), mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most prevalent arbovirus worldwide, representing a public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In these areas, antibiotic consumption rises which may impact both mosquito microbiota and dengue transmission. Here, we assessed how the ingestion by Ae. aegypti of therapeutic concentrations of amoxicillin-clavulanic Acid association (Amox/Clav), a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat febrile symptoms worldwide, impacted its microbiota. We also evaluated whether simultaneous ingestion of antibiotic and DENV impacted Ae. aegypti ability to transmit this virus. We found that Amox/Clav ingestion impacted microbiota composition in Ae. aegypti and we confirmed such impact in field-collected mosquitoes. Furthermore, we observed that Amox/Clav ingestion enhanced DENV dissemination and transmission by this mosquito at 21 days post-DENV exposure. These findings increase our understanding of factors linked to human hosts that may influence dengue transmission dynamics in regions with mass-drug administration programs.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Dengue Virus; Dengue; Microbiota; Mosquito Vectors; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Female
PubMed: 38871831
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64221-2 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Jun 2024Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) are commonly treated with prolonged intravenous (IV) antimicrobials. The Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint...
Variation in North American Infectious Disease Specialists' Practice Regarding Oral and Suppressive Antibiotics for Adult Osteoarticular Infections: Results of an Emerging Infections Network (EIN) Survey.
BACKGROUND
Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) are commonly treated with prolonged intravenous (IV) antimicrobials. The Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection (OVIVA) trial demonstrated that oral (PO) antibiotics are noninferior to IV antibiotics in the treatment of OAIs. We surveyed infectious disease (ID) physicians about their use of PO antibiotics in the treatment of OAIs.
METHODS
An Emerging Infection Network survey with 9 questions regarding antibiotic prescribing for the treatment of OAIs was sent to 1475 North American ID physicians. The questions were mostly multiple choice and focused on the use of definitive oral antibiotic therapy (defined as oral switch within 2 weeks of starting antibiotics) and chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT).
RESULTS
Of the 413 physicians who reported treating OAIs, 91% used oral antibiotics at least sometimes and 31% used them as definitive therapy, most often for diabetic foot osteomyelitis and native joint septic arthritis. The oral antibiotics most frequently used for OAIs included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline/minocycline, and linezolid for , amoxicillin/cefadroxil/cephalexin for streptococci, and fluoroquinolones for gram-negative organisms. The most common rationales for not transitioning to oral antibiotics included nonsusceptible pathogens, comorbidities preventing therapeutic drug levels, and concerns about adherence. SAT use was variable but employed by a majority in most cases of periprosthetic joint infection managed with debridement and implant retention.
CONCLUSIONS
North American ID physicians utilize oral antibiotics and SAT for the management of OAIs, although significant practice variation exists. Respondents voiced a need for updated guidelines.
PubMed: 38868304
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae280 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are utilized as a starter culture in the manufacturing of fermented dairy items, as a preservative for various food products, and as a...
BACKGROUND
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are utilized as a starter culture in the manufacturing of fermented dairy items, as a preservative for various food products, and as a probiotic. In our country, some research has been carried out, even if LAB plays a principal role in food preservation and improves the texture and taste of fermented foods, that is why we tried to evaluate their probiotic effect. The objective of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of ) against () ATCC 29213, investigate their antioxidant activity, and characterize their sensitivity against 18 antibiotics.
METHODS
A total of 23 LAB ( subsp. subsp. subsp. ) were isolated from cow's raw milk. The antibacterial activity was performed using two techniques, competition for nutrients and a technique utilizing components nature, using the disk diffusion method. The sensitivity of the studied LAB to different antibiotics was tested on Man rogosa sharp (MRS) agar using commercial antibiotic disks. All strains of LAB were examined for their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
RESULTS
The results showed that the MRS medium was more adapted than Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) to investigate the antibacterial activity of against ATCC 29213. Also, exhibited a notable degree of antibacterial activity against ATCC 29213. subsp. displayed higher antibacterial activities, followed by ssp. and lastly ssp. against ATCC 29213. Lc 26 among all strains of showed a high potential antibacterial activity reaching 40 ± 3 mm against ATCC 29213. All strains of showed a slightly moderate antioxidant activity (10.56 ± 1.28%-26.29 ± 0.05 %). The results of the antibiotic resistance test indicate that all strains of were resistant to cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin and were sensitive to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin 500, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol. These test results indicate that this strain falls within the criteria of not posing any harmful effects on human health. The important antibacterial properties recorded for all strains were derived from the production of antibacterial active metabolites, such as protein, diacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, and lactic acid, together with the fight for nutrients.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that the strains of could be added as an antibacterial agent against ATCC 29213 and can provide an important nutritional property for their antioxidant potential.
PubMed: 38867975
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31957 -
PloS One 2024The incidence of antimicrobial resistance is alarmingly high because it occurs in humans, environment, and animal sectors from a "One Health" viewpoint. The emergence of...
BACKGROUND
The incidence of antimicrobial resistance is alarmingly high because it occurs in humans, environment, and animal sectors from a "One Health" viewpoint. The emergence of plasmid-carried mobile colistin-resistance (MCR) genes limits the efficacy of colistin, which is the last-line treatment for multidrug resistance (MDR) against gram-negative infections.
OBJECTIVES
The current study aimed to investigate emergence of colistin-resistance (MCR 1-5) genes in E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Jordan.
METHODS
E. coli (n = 132) were collected from urine specimens. The E. coli isolated from human UTI patients were examined the resistance to colistin based on the presence of MCR (1-5). All isolates were tested against 20 antimicrobials using the standard disk diffusion method. The broth microdilution technique was used to analyze colistin resistance. In addition, the MCR (1-5) genes were detected using multiplex PCR.
RESULTS
Out of the 132 isolates, 1 isolate was colistin-resistant, having a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/mL and possessing MCR-1. All the E. coli isolates showed high resistance to penicillin (100%), amoxicillin (79.55%), cephalexin (75.76%), nalidixic acid (62.88%), tetracycline (58.33%), or cefepime (53.79).
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of plasmid-coded MCR-1 in E. coli from a patient with UTIs in Jordan. This is a problematic finding because colistin is the last-line drug for the treatment of infections caused by MDR gram-negative bacteria. There is a crucial need to robustly utilize antibiotics to control and prevent the emergence and prevalence of colistin-resistance genes.
Topics: Humans; Colistin; Urinary Tract Infections; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Escherichia coli Infections; Adult; Middle Aged; Escherichia coli Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Aged; Jordan; Adolescent; Young Adult; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Plasmids; Child
PubMed: 38865304
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305431 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2024Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and particularly diabetic-related foot infections (DFI), present diagnostic and therapeutic complexities, often leading to...
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and particularly diabetic-related foot infections (DFI), present diagnostic and therapeutic complexities, often leading to severe complications. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of cefditoren and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against typical DFI pathogens. Clinical samples from 40 patients with mild SSTIs were analyzed, revealing a predominance of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. species. Cefditoren exhibited activity against 90% of isolates, with superior potency over amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. These findings underscore the utility of cefditoren in empirical treatment of DFI, although a larger sample size would be desirable for further validation.
PubMed: 38864830
DOI: 10.37201/req/028.2024 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Amoxicillin (AMX) is among the most prescribed and the best tolerated antimicrobials worldwide. However, it can occasionally trigger severe cutaneous adverse reactions...
BACKGROUND
Amoxicillin (AMX) is among the most prescribed and the best tolerated antimicrobials worldwide. However, it can occasionally trigger severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) with a significant morbidity and mortality. The genetic factors that may be relevant to AMX-induced SCAR (AMX-SCAR) remain unclear. Identification of the genetic risk factor may prevent patients from the risk of AMX exposure and resume therapy with other falsely implicated drugs.
METHODOLOGY
Four patients with AMX-SCAR, 1,000 population control and 100 AMX-tolerant individuals were enrolled in this study. Both exome-wide and HLA-based association studies were conducted. Molecular docking analysis was employed to simulate the interactions between AMX and risk HLA proteins.
RESULTS
Compared with AMX-tolerant controls, a significant association of with AMX-SCAR was validated [odds ratio (OR) = 22.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68-1275.67; = 7.34 × 10]. Moreover, 75% carriers of in four patients with AMX-SCAR, and the carrier frequency of 10.7% in 1,000 control individuals and 11.0% in 100 AMX-tolerant controls, respectively. Within HLA-B protein, the S140 present in all cases and demonstrated the strongest association with AMX-SCAR [OR = 53.5, = 5.18 × 10]. Molecular docking results also confirmed the interaction between AMX and S140 of the HLA-B protein, thus eliminating the false-positive results during in association analysis.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that genetic susceptibility may be involved in the development of AMX-SCAR in Han Chinese. However, whether the HLA-B variants observed in this study can be used as an effective genetic marker of AMX-induced SCAR still needs to be further explored in larger cohort studies and other ethnic populations.
PubMed: 38863977
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400239 -
JAC-antimicrobial Resistance Jun 2024The irrational use of antibiotics in humans and livestock has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated the commonly sold...
BACKGROUND
The irrational use of antibiotics in humans and livestock has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated the commonly sold and dispensed antibiotics for prophylaxis in broiler chickens in pharmacy and agro-veterinary shop personnel in the Lusaka District of Zambia.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to October 2023 among 200 veterinary medicine dispensers in the Lusaka District of Zambia using a simulated farmer or mystery shopper approach. Data analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0.
RESULTS
Out of the 200 medicine outlets investigated, 23 (11.5%) were agro-veterinary shops, while 177 (88.5%) were community pharmacies. A total of 165 community pharmacies and agro-veterinary shops provided veterinary services in the Lusaka District and sold medicines without prescription giving a 100% non-prescription sale. Of the 178 medicines dispensed for prophylaxis, 88.5% were antibiotics, while 13.5% were vitamins. The most dispensed antibiotic drug for prophylaxis in broiler chickens was oxytetracycline (30.34%), amoxicillin (17.98%) and gentamicin/doxycycline (10.67%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed a high sale and dispensing of antibiotics for prophylaxis in broiler chickens of which oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and gentamicin/doxycycline were commonly dispensed. There is a need for increased regulatory enforcement of selling antibiotics without a prescription as this may predispose poultry to the development of AMR and possible transmission of superbugs to humans and the environment. Educational interventions should be provided to community pharmacy and agro-veterinary personnel on adhering to antimicrobial stewardship practices when dispensing poultry antibiotics.
PubMed: 38863561
DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae094 -
BMC Chemistry Jun 2024A new, sensitive, and rapid isocratic reversed phase chromatographic method (RP-HPLC-UV) was developed for simultaneous separation of two newly co-formulated antiulcer...
Validated chromatographic approach for determination of two ternary mixtures in newly approved formulations for helicobacter pylori eradication: assessment of greenness profile and content uniformity.
A new, sensitive, and rapid isocratic reversed phase chromatographic method (RP-HPLC-UV) was developed for simultaneous separation of two newly co-formulated antiulcer mixtures; Amoxicillin, Vonoprazan and Clarithromycin [Mixture (I)], and Amoxicillin, Lansoprazole and Clarithromycin [Mixture (II)]. Analytical separation was performed using a Promosil C column and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm. The separation was achieved within only 8 min. For both mixtures, an aqueous solution, composed of (Acetonitrile: Methanol: 0. 2 M phosphoric acid) within ratio of (30: 30: 40) adjusted to final pH 3.0, was the mobile phase. This method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The linearity ranges of these proposed method of the (Mixture (I)) were 25.0-400.0 µg/mL Amoxicillin, 0.5-8.0 µg/mL Vonoprazan, and 12.5-200.0 µg/mL Clarithromycin. And the linearity ranges of the (Mixture (II)) were 10.0-300.0 µg/mL Amoxicillin, 0.3-9.0 µg/mL Lansoprazole and 5.0-150.0 µg/mL Clarithromycin. This method was firstly applied for effective separation of Amoxicillin, Vonoprazan and Clarithromycin [Mixture (I)]. It fulfilled good repeatability, sensitivity, and accuracy (R.S.D. < 2.0%). The mean recoveries of the analytes in their Tri-Pak formulations were acceptable. The greenness of the developed chromatographic methods was assessed using an Eco-scale method and it was applied for content uniformity testing as per the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and the acceptance value of Amoxicillin, in Mixture (I) was 2.88, the acceptance values for Amoxicillin, Lansoprazole in Mixture (II) were 2.592, 2.424, respectively.
PubMed: 38863068
DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01215-1 -
Environmental Health Insights 2024The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) have been a public health challenge globally. The burden is even higher in low-income countries where there is a...
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) have been a public health challenge globally. The burden is even higher in low-income countries where there is a lack of appropriate healthcare systems, and inappropriate antibiotic disposal practices and utilization. Due to poor solid waste disposal practices in developing nations, municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS) can be a reservoir for ABR bacteria. However, only a few studies demonstrated the prevalence of ABR in non-clinical environments such as MSWDS. This study assessed the prevalence of ABR bacteria at Bahir Dar City MSWDS, to understand the public health risks related to poor solid waste disposal systems. Nine soil samples were collected from the dumpsite. Bacteria were isolated, identified and tested for ABR. Seventy-one distinct colonies were isolated from all samples and identified into 10 bacterial genera based on morphological features and biochemical tests. For ABR tests, gentamicin (GN, 10 μg), streptomycin (ST, 30 μg), tetracycline (TE, 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAA, 30 μg), sulfonamide (SA, 250 μg), chloramphenicol (C, 30 μg), erythromycin (E, 15 μg), vancomycin (V, 30 μg), and amoxicillin (AMX, 25 μg) were used. The most frequently isolated bacteria were (23%) followed by species (17%). Ten isolates related to spp. were excluded from the antibiotic sensitivity test as there is no standard regarding this genus in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The overall antibiotic résistance rate was 95.08%, and most isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (75.5%), and vancomycin (75%). Substantial proportions of the isolates were also resistant to tetracycline (55.35%), streptomycin (54.5%), and sulfonamide (50%). The overall multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 36.06%. This high level of ABR calls for urgent intervention in waste management systems and regular surveillance programs.
PubMed: 38859927
DOI: 10.1177/11786302241260508