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Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2023Emerging evidence confirms using probiotics in promoting growth and immunity of farmed fish. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-microbiome...
Emerging evidence confirms using probiotics in promoting growth and immunity of farmed fish. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-microbiome interactions mediated by probiotics are not fully understood. In this study, we used rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model to investigate the internal mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions influenced by two probiotic bacteria, Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus sakei. We carried out experiments, including intestinal histology, serum physiology, and transcriptome and combined intestinal microbiome and metabolite profiling. Our results showed that both probiotics had a positive effect on growth, immunity, serum enzyme activity, the gut microbiome, and resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. Moreover, the intestinal microbial structure was reshaped with increased relative abundance of potential beneficial bacteria, such as , , , Bacillus coagulans, , , and in the group and and Eubacterium hallii in the group. Metabolomic profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated metabolites as biomarkers, i.e., sucrose and l-malic acid in the group, and -acetyl-l-phenylalanine, -acetylneuraminic acid, and hydroxyproline in the group. Additionally, a multiomics combined analysis illustrated significant positive correlations between the relative abundance of microflora, metabolites, and gene expression associated with immunity and growth. This study highlights the significant role of probiotics as effectors of intestinal microbial activity and shows that different probiotics can have a species-specific effect on the physiological regulation of the host. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex host-microbiome interactions in rainbow trout and may have implications for the use of probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics are kinds of beneficial live microbes that impart beneficial effects on the host. Recent studies have proven that when given supplementation with probiotics, farmed fish showed improved disease prevention and growth promotion. However, the underlying metabolic functions regarding their involvement in regulating growth phenotypes, nutrient utilization, and immune response are not yet well understood in the aquaculture field. Given the active interactions between the gut microbiota and fish immune and growth performance, we conducted the supplementation experiments with the probiotics Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus sakei. The results showed that probiotics mediated intestinal microbiome- and microbiota-derived metabolites regulating the growth and immunity of fish, and different probiotics participated in the species-specific physiological regulation of the host. This study contributed to a better understanding of the functional interactions associated with host health and gut microbiota species.
PubMed: 36916965
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03980-22 -
BMC Medicine Mar 2023Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is associated with vaginal dysbiosis, is responsible for up to one-third of all preterm births. Consecutive...
BACKGROUND
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is associated with vaginal dysbiosis, is responsible for up to one-third of all preterm births. Consecutive ascending colonization, infection, and inflammation may lead to relevant neonatal morbidity including early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). The present study aims to assess the vaginal microbial composition of PPROM patients and its development under standard antibiotic therapy and to evaluate the usefulness of the vaginal microbiota for the prediction of EONS. It moreover aims to decipher neonatal microbiota at birth as possible mirror of the in utero microbiota.
METHODS
As part of the PEONS prospective multicenter cohort study, 78 women with PPROM and their 89 neonates were recruited. Maternal vaginal and neonatal pharyngeal, rectal, umbilical cord blood, and meconium microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences between the sample groups were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and differently distributed taxa by the Mann-Whitney test. Potential biomarkers for the prediction of EONS were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst platform.
RESULTS
Vaginal microbiota at admission after PPROM were dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Standard antibiotic treatment triggers significant changes in microbial community (relative depletion of Lactobacillus spp. and relative enrichment of Ureaplasma parvum) accompanied by an increase in bacterial diversity, evenness and richness. The neonatal microbiota showed a heterogeneous microbial composition where meconium samples were characterized by specific taxa enriched in this niche. The vaginal microbiota at birth was shown to have the potential to predict EONS with Escherichia/Shigella and Facklamia as risk taxa and Anaerococcus obesiensis and Campylobacter ureolyticus as protective taxa. EONS cases could also be predicted at a reasonable rate from neonatal meconium communities with the protective taxa Bifidobacterium longum, Agathobacter rectale, and S. epidermidis as features.
CONCLUSIONS
Vaginal and neonatal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing after PPROM may form the basis of individualized risk assessment for consecutive EONS. Further studies on extended cohorts are necessary to evaluate how far this technique may in future close a diagnostic gap to optimize and personalize the clinical management of PPROM patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03819192, ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on January 28, 2019.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Neonatal Sepsis; Premature Birth; Pregnant Women; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbiota
PubMed: 36907851
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02805-x -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Feb 2023The nasal passages harbor both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we sought to characterize the anterior nasal microbiota in PD patients using 16S rRNA...
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE
The nasal passages harbor both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we sought to characterize the anterior nasal microbiota in PD patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
We recruited 32 PD patients, 37 kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, 22 living donor/healthy control (HC) participants and collected anterior nasal swabs at a single point in time.
PREDICTORS
We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region to determine the nasal microbiota.
OUTCOMES
Nasal microbiota profiles were determined at the genus level as well as the amplicon sequencing variant level.
ANALYTICAL APPROACH
We compared nasal abundance of common genera among the 3 groups using Wilcoxon rank sum testing with Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment. DESeq2 was also utilized to compare the groups at the ASV levels.
RESULTS
In the entire cohort, the most abundant genera in the nasal microbiota included: , and . Correlational analyses revealed a significant inverse relationship between the nasal abundance of and that of . PD patients have a higher nasal abundance of than KTx recipients and HC participants. PD patients have a more diverse representation of and than KTx recipients and HC participants. PD patients who concurrently have or who developed future peritonitis had a numerically higher nasal abundance of than PD patients who did not develop peritonitis.
LIMITATIONS
16S RNA gene sequencing provides taxonomic information to the genus level.
CONCLUSIONS
We find a distinct nasal microbiota signature in PD patients compared to KTx recipients and HC participants. Given the potential relationship between the nasal pathogenic bacteria and infectious complications, further studies are needed to define the nasal microbiota associated with these infectious complications and to conduct studies on the manipulation of the nasal microbiota to prevent such complications.
PubMed: 36865147
DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.23286379 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Functional or compositional perturbations of the microbiome can occur at different sites, of the body and this dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases. Changes in...
Functional or compositional perturbations of the microbiome can occur at different sites, of the body and this dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases. Changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome are associated to patient's susceptibility to multiple viral infections, supporting the idea that the nasopharynx may be playing an important role in health and disease. Most studies on the nasopharyngeal microbiome have focused on a specific period in the lifespan, such as infancy or the old age, or have other limitations such as low sample size. Therefore, detailed studies analyzing the age- and sex-associated changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome of healthy people across their whole life are essential to understand the relevance of the nasopharynx in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, particularly viral infections. One hundred twenty nasopharyngeal samples from healthy subjects of all ages and both sexes were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Nasopharyngeal bacterial alpha diversity did not vary in any case between age or sex groups. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in all the age groups, with several sex-associated. , , , , , , , , , , and were the only 11 bacterial genera that presented significant age-associated differences. Other bacterial genera such as , , , , , , , , , , and appeared in the population with a very high frequency, suggesting that their presence might be biologically relevant. Therefore, in contrast to other anatomical areas such as the gut, bacterial diversity in the nasopharynx of healthy subjects remains stable and resistant to perturbations throughout the whole life and in both sexes. Age-associated abundance changes were observed at phylum, family, and genus levels, as well as several sex-associated changes probably due to the different levels of sex hormones present in both sexes at certain ages. Our results provide a complete and valuable dataset that will be useful for future research aiming for studying the relationship between changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome and susceptibility to or severity of multiple diseases.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Genes, rRNA; Nasopharynx; Microbiota; Bacteria; Aging; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 36835535
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044127 -
MSystems Feb 2023With growing awareness that what we put in and on our bodies affects our health and wellbeing, little is still known about the impact of textiles on the human skin....
With growing awareness that what we put in and on our bodies affects our health and wellbeing, little is still known about the impact of textiles on the human skin. Athletic wear often uses silver threading to improve hygiene, but little is known about its effect on the body's largest organ. In this study, we investigated the impact of such clothing on the skin's chemistry and microbiome. Samples were collected from different body sites of a dozen volunteers over the course of 12 weeks. The changes induced by the antibacterial clothing were specific for individuals, but more so defined by gender and body site. Unexpectedly, the microbial biomass on skin increased in the majority of the volunteers when wearing silver-threaded T-shirts. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity. Both effects were mainly observed for women. The hallmark of the induced changes was an increase in the abundance of various monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially in the upper back. Several microbe-metabolite associations were uncovered, including , detected in the upper back area, which was correlated with the distribution of MUFAs, and spp. found in the underarms, which were associated with a series of different bile acids. Overall, these findings point to a notable impact of the silver-threaded material on the skin microbiome and chemistry. We observed that relatively subtle changes in the microbiome result in pronounced shifts in molecular composition. The impact of silver-threaded material on human skin chemistry and microbiome is largely unknown. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity. The major change was an increase in the abundance of various monounsaturated fatty acids that were also correlated with . Additionally, spp., found in the underarms, were associated with different bile acids in the armpit samples. Overall, the impact of the silver-threaded clothing was gender and body site specific.
Topics: Humans; Female; Silver; Clothing; Skin; Textiles; Microbiota; Bacteria; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 36722970
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00922-22 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Mar 2023Large amounts of insecticides bring selection pressure and then develop insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus. This study demonstrated for the first time the effect...
Large amounts of insecticides bring selection pressure and then develop insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus. This study demonstrated for the first time the effect of pyrethroid exposure on the internal microbiota in Ae. albopictus. 36, 48, 57 strains of virgin adult Ae. albopictus were exposed to the pyrethroids deltamethrin (Dme group), β-cypermethrin (Bcy group), and cis-permethrin (Cper group), respectively, with n-hexane exposure (Hex group) as the controls (n = 36). The internal microbiota community and functions were analyzed based on the metagenomic analysis. The analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results showed that the Hex/Bcy (p = 0.001), Hex/Cper (p = 0.006), Hex/Dme (p = 0.001) groups were well separated, and the internal microbes of Ae. albopictus vary in the composition and functions depending on the type of pyrethroid insecticide they are applied. Four short chain fatty acid-producing genera, Butyricimonas, Prevotellaceae, Anaerococcus, Pseudorhodobacter were specifically absent in the pyrethroid-exposed mosquitoes. Morganella and Streptomyces were significantly enriched in cis-permethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Wolbachia and Chryseobacterium showed significant enrichment in β-cypermethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Pseudomonas was significantly abundant in deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes. The significant proliferation of these bacteria may be closely related to insecticide metabolism. Our study recapitulated a specifically enhanced metabolic networks relevant to the exposure to cis-permethrin and β-cypermethrin, respectively. Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.28), key enzyme in aromatic compounds metabolism, was detected enhanced in cis-permethrin and β-cypermethrin exposed mosquitoes. The internal microbiota metabolism of aromatic compounds may be important influencing factors for pyrethroid resistance. Future work will be needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which mosquito microbiota influences host resistance and vector ability.
Topics: Animals; Insecticides; Permethrin; Aedes; Mosquito Vectors; Pyrethrins; Insecticide Resistance; Microbiota
PubMed: 36706527
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114579 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to decrease plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in high-fat diet mice; however, the specific mechanism used is...
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to decrease plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in high-fat diet mice; however, the specific mechanism used is unknown. We speculated that the underlying mechanism is related with the gut microbiota, and this study aimed to confirm the hypothesis. In this study, we initially carried out an in vitro fermentation experiment and found that MR could reduce the ability of gut microbiota found in the contents of healthy mice and the feces of healthy humans to produce trimethylamine (TMA). Subsequently, mice were fed a normal diet (CON, 0.20% choline + 0.86% methionine), high-choline diet (H-CHO, 1.20% choline + 0.86% methionine), or high-choline + methionine-restricted diet (H-CHO+MR, 1.20% choline + 0.17% methionine) for 3 months. Our results revealed that MR decreased plasma TMA and TMAO levels in H-CHO-diet-fed mice without changing hepatic FMO3 gene expression and enzyme activity, significantly decreased TMA levels and expression of choline TMA-lyase () and its activator , and decreased CutC activity in the intestine. Moreover, MR significantly decreased the abundance of TMA-producing bacteria, including ( phylum) and ( phylum), and significantly increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and SCFA levels. Furthermore, both MR and sodium butyrate supplementation significantly inhibited bacterial growth, down-regulated gene expression levels in TMA-producing bacteria, including and and decreased TMA production from bacterial growth under in vitro anaerobic fermentation conditions. In conclusion, dietary MR alleviates choline-induced TMAO elevation by manipulating gut microbiota in mice and may be a promising approach to reducing circulating TMAO levels and TMAO-induced atherosclerosis.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Choline; Methionine; Methylamines; Bacteria; Racemethionine
PubMed: 36615863
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010206 -
Journal of the West African College of... 2022Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum usually as a result of a localized or generalized infection. Secondary peritonitis which is the most common type follows an...
BACKGROUND
Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum usually as a result of a localized or generalized infection. Secondary peritonitis which is the most common type follows an infective process in a visceral organ. The role of peritoneal cultures and use of antibiotics effective against culture results remain controversial.
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to determine the bacterial and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with secondary peritonitis. It also compared the use of empirical antibiotics and culture-sensitive antibiotics with outcomes of patients with secondary peritonitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted. Five millilitres of peritoneal fluid was sampled intra-operatively, and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing was performed in patients with secondary peritonitis. The patients, randomized into two groups, had antibiotics administered for 7 days. The first group had empirical antibiotics throughout (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole), whereas the second group had empirical antibiotics (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole) for the first 2 days and antibiotics according to the sensitivity report for the remaining 5 days. The analysis was also done on a third group, who, even though were randomized to either groups, had no growth on culture of peritoneal fluid.
RESULTS
The commonest pathogens identified from the peritoneal culture of the participants were group, and . Complications including mortality were significantly higher in those who received empirical antibiotics than those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
The outcome of antibiotics administration in patients with secondary peritonitis with a positive culture was better in those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics than those who received empirical antibiotics.
PubMed: 36590769
DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_155_22 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022The human body represents a complex and diverse reservoir of microorganisms. Although the human microbiome remains poorly characterized and understood, it should not be...
The human body represents a complex and diverse reservoir of microorganisms. Although the human microbiome remains poorly characterized and understood, it should not be underestimated, since recent studies have highlighted its importance in health. This is especially evident when considering microbiota in the male reproductive system, responsible for men’s fertility and sexual behavior. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the microbial communities of the healthy male genital mucosa and its role in disease. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was limited to the English language and studies published until August 2022 that included culture-independent techniques for microbiome characterization in male genital mucosa. Ten articles were included. The bacterial composition of the male genital mucosa consists of several genera including Prevotella, Finegoldia, Peptoniphilus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Anaerococcus, suggesting that the male genital microbiome composition shows similarities with the adjacent anatomical sites and is related with sexual intercourse. Moreover, male circumcision appears to influence the penile microbiome. Despite the lack of knowledge on the male genital mucosa microbiome in disease, it was reported that Staphylococcus warneri and Prevotella bivia were associated with balanoposthitis, whereas Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium were more abundant in male genital lichen sclerosus. The limited data and paucity of prospective controlled studies highlight the need for additional studies and established criteria for sampling methods and the microbiome assay procedure. Such a consensus would foster the knowledge about the composition of the genital microbiome of healthy males and its role in disease.
PubMed: 36557565
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122312 -
PeerJ 2022Intra-continentally, vaginal microbiome signatures are reported to be significantly different between Black and Caucasian women, with women of African ancestry having...
BACKGROUND
Intra-continentally, vaginal microbiome signatures are reported to be significantly different between Black and Caucasian women, with women of African ancestry having the less well defined heterogenous bacterial community state type (CST) deficient of species (CST IV). The objective of this study was to characterize the vaginal microbiomes across a more diverse intercontinental group of women ( = 151) of different ethnicities (African American, African Kenyan, Afro-Caribbean, Asian Indonesian and Caucasian German) using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to determine their structures and offer a comprehensive description of the non- dominant CSTs and subtypes.
RESULTS
In this study, the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiomes differed significantly among the ethnic groups. spp. (. and . ) dominated the vaginal microbiomes in African American women (91.8%) compared to European (German, 42.4%), Asian (Indonesian, 45.0%), African (Kenyan, 34.4%) and Afro-Caribbean (26.1%) women. Expanding on CST classification, three subtypes of CST IV (CST IV-A, IV-B and IV-C) ( = 56, 37.1%) and four additional CSTs were described: CST VI -dominant ( = 6, 21.8%); CST VII (-dominant, = 1, 0.66%); CST VIII ( = 9, 5.96%), resembling aerobic vaginitis, was differentiated by a high proportion of taxa such as , and (relative abundance [RA] > 50%) and CST IX ( = 7, 4.64%) dominated by genera other than , or (., and ). Within the vaginal microbiomes, 32 "taxa with high pathogenic potential" (THPP) were identified. Collectively, THPP (mean RA ~5.24%) negatively correlated (r = -0.68, < 2.2e-16) with species but not significantly with / spp. combined (r = -0.13, = 0.1). However, at the individual level, exhibited moderate positive correlations with (r = 0.46, = 2.6e-09) and spp. (r = 0.47, = 1.4e-09).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings while supporting the idea that vaginal microbiomes vary with ethnicity, also suggest that CSTs are more wide-ranging and not exclusive to any particular ethnic group. This study offers additional insight into the structure of the vaginal microbiome and contributes to the description and subcategorization of non-dominated CSTs.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Kenya; Vagina; Microbiota; Lactobacillus; Bacteria; Gardnerella
PubMed: 36518275
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14449