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American Journal of Cancer Research 2022Bile acids are metabolized by the gut microbiome and are involved in fat absorption. Contrary to their carcinogenic role in gastrointestinal cancers, bile acids have...
Bile acids are metabolized by the gut microbiome and are involved in fat absorption. Contrary to their carcinogenic role in gastrointestinal cancers, bile acids have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in breast cancer. The microbiome of breast cancer tissues may also influence cancer proliferation. We hypothesized that bile acid metabolism reflects its accumulation and is associated with certain microbiomes, breast cancer biology, and patient survival. Transcriptomic and clinicopathological information of a total of 6050 patients in three large open primary breast cancer cohorts (GSE96058, METABRIC, TCGA) and 16S rRNA gene sequence microbiome data of breast cancer tissues in TCGA were analyzed by high and low bile acid metabolism scores calculated by gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Breast cancers with high bile acid metabolism had a significantly improved survival across all three cohorts. Metabolic pathways related to the production and regulation of bile acids were consistently enriched in high bile acid metabolism groups across all cohorts. On the other hand, the low bile acid metabolism group was associated with higher Ki67 expression and Nottingham histological grade, as well as enrichment of cell proliferation-related gene sets. Intratumoral heterogeneity, homologous recombination deficiency, mutational load, activation of cancer immunity, and infiltration of anticancer immune cells were also higher in this group. and were significantly more abundant in the high bile acid metabolism group compared to and in the low metabolism group. Surprisingly, almost all Hallmark cell proliferation-associated gene sets were highly enriched in all three microorganisms that were abundant in the low bile acid metabolism group. In conclusion, microorganisms abundant in the breast tumor microenvironment with low bile acid metabolism are associated with aggressive cancer biology, including increased cell proliferation and poor survival.
PubMed: 36504906
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Skin microbiota have been linked to disease activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). As the skin microbiome has been shown to change after exposure to narrowband...
Skin microbiota have been linked to disease activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). As the skin microbiome has been shown to change after exposure to narrowband ultraviolet B (nbUVB) phototherapy, a common treatment modality used for CTCL, we performed a longitudinal analysis of the skin microbiome in CTCL patients treated with nbUVB. 16S V4 rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for genus-level taxonomic resolution, amplicon next generation sequencing for staphylococcal speciation, and bioinformatics were performed on DNA extracted from skin swabs taken from lesional and non-lesional skin of 25 CTCL patients receiving nbUVB and 15 CTCL patients not receiving nbUVB from the same geographical region. Disease responsiveness to nbUVB was determined using the modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool: 14 (56%) patients responded to nbUVB while 11 (44%) patients had progressive disease. Microbial α-diversity increased in nbUVB-responders after phototherapy. The relative abundance of , , , , and differentiated nbUVB responders and non-responders after treatment (q<0.05). Microbial signatures of nbUVB-treated patients demonstrated significant post-exposure depletion of (q=0.024) and (q=0.004) relative abundances. Before nbUVB, responder lesional skin harboured higher levels of (q=0.028) and (q=0.026) than non-responder lesional skin. relative abundance increased in the lesional skin of responders (q=0.05) after phototherapy; a similar upward trend was observed in non-responders (q=0.09). Post-treatment skin of responders exhibited significantly reduced (q=0.008) and significantly increased (q=0.006), (q=0.021), and (q=0.029) relative abundances compared to that of no-nbUVB patients. species abundance was more similar between non-responders and no-nbUVB patients than between responders and no-nbUVB patients. In sum, the skin microbiome of CTCL patients who respond to nbUVB is different from that of non-responders and untreated patients, and is characterized by shifts in and . Non-responsiveness to phototherapy may reflect more aggressive disease at baseline.
Topics: Humans; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus lugdunensis; Staphylococcal Infections; Bacteria; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36439132
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022093 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022The role of intestinal bacterial microbiota has been described as key in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD). CD is characterized by frequent relapses after... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The role of intestinal bacterial microbiota has been described as key in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD). CD is characterized by frequent relapses after periods of remission which are not entirely understood. In this paper, we investigate whether the heterogeneity in microbiota profiles in CD patients could be a suitable predictor for these relapses. This prospective observational study involved 259 CD patients, in which 41 provided an additional total of 62 consecutive fecal samples, with an average interval of 25 weeks in between each of these samples. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by massive genomic sequencing through 16 S rRNA amplicon sampling. We found that our 259 CD patients could be split into three distinct subgroups of microbiota (G1, G2, G3). From G1 to G3, we noticed a progressive decrease in alpha diversity (p ≤ 0.0001) but no change in the fecal calprotectin (FC) level. Focusing on the 103 consecutive samples from 41 CD patients, we showed that the patients microbiota profiles were remarkably stable over time and associated with increasing symptom severity. Investigating further this microbiota/severity association revealed that the first signs of aggravation are (1) a loss of the main anti-inflammatory Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Roseburia, Eubacterium, Subdoligranumum, Ruminococcus (P < 0.05), (2) an increase in pro-inflammatory pathogens Proteus, Finegoldia (P < 0.05) while (3) an increase of other minor SCFA producers such as Ezakiella, Anaerococcus, Megasphaera, Anaeroglobus, Fenollaria (P < 0.05). Further aggravation of clinical signs is significantly linked to the subsequent loss of these minor SCFAs species and to an increase in other proinflammatory Proteobacteria such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Acinetobacter, Hafnia and proinflammatory Firmicutes such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus. (P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study (1) specifically identifying subgroups of microbiota profiles in CD patients, (2) relating these groups to the evolution of symptoms over time and (3) showing a two-step process in CD symptoms' worsening. This paves the way towards a better understanding of patient-to-patient heterogeneity, as well as providing early warning signals of future aggravation of the symptoms and eventually adapting empirically treatments.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Crohn Disease; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Clostridiales; Chronic Disease; Firmicutes; Recurrence
PubMed: 36402792
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23757-x -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2022Associations of energy balance components, including physical activity and obesity, with colorectal cancer risk and mortality are well established. However, the gut...
Associations of energy balance components, including physical activity and obesity, with colorectal cancer risk and mortality are well established. However, the gut microbiome has not been investigated as underlying mechanism. We investigated associations of physical activity, BMI, and combinations of physical activity/BMI with gut microbiome diversity and differential abundances among colorectal cancer patients. N=179 patients with colorectal cancer (stages I-IV) were included in the study. Pre-surgery stool samples were used to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina). Physical activity (MET hrs/wk) during the year before diagnosis was assessed by questionnaire and participants were classified as being active inactive based on guidelines. BMI at baseline was abstracted from medical records. Patients were classified into four combinations of physical activity levels/BMI. Lower gut microbial diversity was observed among 'inactive' 'active' patients (Shannon: =0.01, Simpson: =0.03), 'obese' 'normal weight' patients (Shannon, Simpson, and Observed species: =0.02, respectively), and 'overweight/obese/inactive' 'normal weight/active' patients (Shannon: =0.02, Observed species: =0.04). Results differed by sex and tumor site. Two phyla and 12 genera (Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, ) were differentially abundant across physical activity and BMI groups. This is the first evidence for associations of physical activity with gut microbiome diversity and abundances, directly among colorectal cancer patients. Our results indicate that physical activity may offset gut microbiome dysbiosis due to obesity. Alterations in gut microbiota may contribute mechanistically to the energy balance-colorectal cancer link and impact clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 36381318
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022This study investigated the effect of sodium humate supplementation on changes in the intestinal microbiome, intestinal short-chain fatty acids production, and trace...
This study investigated the effect of sodium humate supplementation on changes in the intestinal microbiome, intestinal short-chain fatty acids production, and trace element absorption in older laying hens, with consequent effects on egg performance and shell quality. We used the same hens as their own control; a total of 720 laying hens aged 422 days were randomly divided into three replicates, with the CON group fed a commercial diet at 422-441 days of age and the HANa group fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0.05% sodium humate at 442-461 days of age. Compared with the CON group, in the HANa group, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased, whereas, Firmicutes was significantly decreased. Further, , and significantly decreased, and , and were significantly increased. The results showed that sodium humate significantly altered the alpha and beta diversity and changed the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Acetic acid, isovaleric acid, and isobutyric acid, among short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased in the HANa group, whereas trace elements such as Mn, Zn, and Fe were significantly reduced. The eggshell strength and ultrastructure were significantly altered. In this study, sodium humate was found to alter the intestinal microbiome structure of aged hens, change the production of short-chain fatty acids, and promote the absorption of trace elements to keep aged hens from experiencing a decrease in egg production performance.
PubMed: 36311664
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986562 -
Biomedicines Sep 2022Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomic studies have provided insights into the microbial profile of different body sites. However, research on the...
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomic studies have provided insights into the microbial profile of different body sites. However, research on the microbial composition of urine is limited, particularly in children. The goal of this study was to optimize and develop reproducible metagenome and virome protocols using a small volume of urine samples collected from healthy children. We collected midstream urine specimens from 40 healthy children. Using the metagenomics shotgun approach, we tested various protocols. Different microbial roots such as Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Viruses were successfully identified using our optimized urine protocol. Our data reflected much variation in the microbial fingerprints of children. Girls had significantly higher levels of Firmicutes, whereas boys had significantly higher levels of Actinobacteria. The genus Anaerococcus dominated the urinary bacteriome of healthy girls, with a significant increase in Anaerococcus prevotii, Anaerococcus vaginalis, and Veillonella parvula (p-value < 0.001) when compared with that of boys. An increased relative abundance of Xylanimonas and Arthrobacter, with a significantly high abundance of Arthrobacter sp. FB24 (p-value 0.0028) and Arthrobacter aurescences (p-value 0.015), was observed in boys. The urinary mycobiome showed a significant rise in the genus Malassezia and Malassezia globose fungus (p-value 0.009) in girls, whereas genus Saccharomyces (p-value 0.009) was significantly high in boys. The beta diversity of the urinary mycobiome was found to differ between different age groups. Boys had significantly more Mastadenovirus and Human mastadenovirus-A in their urinary virome than girls. With increasing age, we noticed an increase in the relative abundance of the order Caudovirales. Our optimized protocols allowed us to identify the unique microbes for each sex by using an adequate volume of urine (3−10 mL) to screen for the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome profiles in the urine of healthy children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the metagenomics profiles of urine in a healthy pediatric population.
PubMed: 36289674
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102412 -
Menopause (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2022The incidence of postmenopausal endometrial cancer (EC) is rising, and the uterine microbiota has recently been suggested to be an etiology of EC. However, the...
OBJECTIVE
The incidence of postmenopausal endometrial cancer (EC) is rising, and the uterine microbiota has recently been suggested to be an etiology of EC. However, the differences in microbiota profiles in paired EC and the adjacent non-EC endometrium, and the functional microbiota of clinical relevance remain largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the differences in microbiota profiles between EC and non-EC endometrium and investigated their clinical relevance to EC.
METHODS
Twenty-eight EC-affected postmenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy were enrolled. Endometrial microbiome from paired EC and adjacent non-EC tissue samples were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the data were analyzed using R language software.
RESULTS
The α diversity and evenness of the endometrial bacterial community significantly increased in EC tissues than those in pericancer tissues ( P < 0.05 for all variables). Lactobacillus and Gardnerella were the main bacterial genera present in both EC and adjacent non-EC-invading endometrium, whereas Prevotella , Atopobium , Anaerococcus , Dialister , Porphyromonas , and Peptoniphilus were more commonly enriched in the EC endometrium (corrected P < 0.05 for all variables). Finally, the abundance of some observed endometrial bacteria was associated with clinical aspects, particularly the vaginal pH, vaginal Lactobacillus abundance, and EC clinical stage.
CONCLUSIONS
Paired EC and adjacent non-EC endometrium harbor different endometrial microbiota, and the functional bacteria residing in the endometrium are clinically relevant but require further investigation.
Topics: Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Postmenopause; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina
PubMed: 36150116
DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002053 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2022Today, domestic cats are important human companion animals for their appearance and favorable personalities. During the history of their domestication, the morphological...
Today, domestic cats are important human companion animals for their appearance and favorable personalities. During the history of their domestication, the morphological and genetic portraits of domestic cats changed significantly from their wild ancestors, and the gut microbial communities of different breeds of cats also apparently differ. In the current study, the gut microbiota of Ragdoll cats and Felinae cats were analyzed and compared. Our data indicated that the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in the Felinae cats were much higher than in the Ragdoll cats. The taxonomic analyses revealed that the most predominant phyla of the feline gut microbiota were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Campilobacterota, and others, while the most predominant genera were , , , , , , , , , , and others. Different microbial communities between the Ragdoll group and the Felinae group were observed, and the compared results demonstrated that the relative abundances of beneficial microbes (such as , , , , , and so on) in the Ragdoll group were much higher than in the Felinae group. The co-occurrence network revealed that the number of nodes and links in the Felinae group was significantly higher than the Ragdoll group, which meant that the network of the Felinae group was larger and more complex than that of the Ragdoll group. PICRUSt function analyses indicated that the differences in microbial genes might influence the energy metabolism and immune functions of the host. In all, our data demonstrated that the richness and diversity of beneficial microbes in the Ragdoll group were much higher than the Felinae group. Therefore, it is possible to isolate and identify more candidate probiotics in the gut microbiota of growing Ragdoll cats.
PubMed: 36139326
DOI: 10.3390/ani12182467 -
Odontogenic brain abscess due to Anaerococcus prevotii infections: A case report and review article.International Journal of Surgery Case... Aug 2022Odontogenic brain abscess is a rare case primarily caused by normal flora such as Anaerococcus prevotii.
BACKGROUND
Odontogenic brain abscess is a rare case primarily caused by normal flora such as Anaerococcus prevotii.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 60-years-old Indonesian female complained of severe left side headaches, hearing loss, a decrease of consciousness, several episodes of nausea and vomiting, and hemiparesis dextra for 5 days. Three months previously, she performed dental operative procedures on the left side of the first and second lower molar and debridement of phlegmon on the left side of the mouth. Head CT scan suggests multiple brain abscesses or high-grade glioma, non-communicating hydrocephalus and suggestive mastoiditis. The patient underwent excision surgery and abscess culture, which resulted in Anaerococcus prevotii. The patient received a metronidazole antibiotic, and on the seventh day, his condition improved.
DISCUSSION
Identifying bacterial infection in the brain abscess is crucial for effective treatment. Abscess removal in the brain and antibiotics are treatments for brain abscesses.
CONCLUSION
Odontogenic brain abscess caused by Anaerococcus prevotii infection effectiveness with surgical excision and antibiotics.
PubMed: 35905679
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107450 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2022Strains Marseille-Q5893 (= CSUR Q5893 = CECT 30496) and Marseille-Q5883 (= CSUR Q5883 = CECT 30497) were isolated from vaginal samples using the culturomics...
Strains Marseille-Q5893 (= CSUR Q5893 = CECT 30496) and Marseille-Q5883 (= CSUR Q5883 = CECT 30497) were isolated from vaginal samples using the culturomics approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of each strain were sequenced and then compared by BLASTn to the NCBI database. Strains Marseille-Q5893 and Marseille-Q5883 were most closely related to Anaerococcus obesiensis and Finegoldia magna, with identities of 98.5% and 90.0%, respectively. Strain Marseille-Q5893 is strictly anaerobic, while strain Marseille-Q5883 is facultative anaerobic. Both strains are Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, oxidase- and catalase-negative. The most abundant fatty acid for both strains is hexadecanoic acid, followed by 9-octadecenoic acid and tetradecanoic acid. Strain Marseille-Q5893 has a genome size of 1,831,271 bp with a G+C content of 29.4 mol%, whereas strain Marseille-Q5883 has a genome of 1,997,945 bp with a 33.6 mol% G+C content. The genomic comparison of closely related species with strains Marseille-Q5893 and Marseille-Q5883 showed that all digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values were lower than the published species thresholds (70% and 95-96%, respectively). Based on these data, we conclude that strain Marseille-Q5893 belongs to a new species in the family Peptoniphilaceae and strain Marseille-Q5883 belongs to a new genus in the family Peptostreptococcaceae. For these two new bacterial species, the names Anaerococcus ihuae sp. nov. and Mediannikoviicoccus vaginalis gen. nov., sp. nov., were proposed.
Topics: Base Composition; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35859139
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03082-7