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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Exposure to noise by generation of free radicals causes oxidative stress in body. The aim of this study was the evaluation of oxidative stress in workers who have used...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Exposure to noise by generation of free radicals causes oxidative stress in body. The aim of this study was the evaluation of oxidative stress in workers who have used hearing protection devices during working time.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Pressing workers (n=24) of a home appliance industry were studied using hearing protection devices to reduce noise exposure. Twenty two office staff (without exposure to noise) were considered as a control group. Two groups were matched for age, work experience and smoking. Exposure to noise was measured by dosimeter method at workstations. By obtaining 3 ml blood sample, Malondialdehyde levels, Thiol groups and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated in all subjects.
RESULTS
Exposure to sound pressure level in pressing workers by considering the noise reduction factor of the earplug was observed in 77.65 dB with minimum 75.1 dB and Maximum 81.22 dB. Plasma thiol groups (0.076 (0.041-0.119) vs (0.110 (0.076-0.197), mmol/l P =0.0001) and total antioxidant capacity (361.33± 54.65 vs 414.14± 96.82, µmol/ml P = 0.026) in pressing workers significantly decreased than control group. Pearson correlation showed significant results between exposure to noise and oxidative stress parameters.
CONCLUSION
Exposure to noise wave cause oxidative stress in different site of body. Oxidative stress is an intermediate way for different disease due to noise exposure. Reducing of noise exposure by earplug in pressing workers is not efficient protection for oxidative stress generation. Therefore, hearing protection devices are not a barrier to the harmful effects of noise in occupational exposure.
Topics: Humans; Oxidative Stress; Occupational Exposure; Adult; Male; Noise, Occupational; Case-Control Studies; Ear Protective Devices; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Antioxidants; Middle Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Malondialdehyde; Female; Occupational Diseases; Industry; Prognosis
PubMed: 38918653
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1929 -
PloS One 2024Malnutrition is one of the most serious community health issues in developing countries. This study estimated total energy intake, Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se),...
INTRODUCTION
Malnutrition is one of the most serious community health issues in developing countries. This study estimated total energy intake, Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphate (PO4) levels among school-going children (aged 13-17 years) of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan.
METHODS
Children from Mithi City, District Tharparkar, were selected for this cross-sectional investigation. Students from various schools from both genders who fulfilled the selection criteria were selected. A questionnaire was filled, and five ml blood samples were taken to analyze blood parameters. Each participant's estimated nutrient intake (ENI) per day was assessed and matched to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to determine their micro and macronutrient intake.
RESULTS
A total of 300 school-going children [150(50%) boys (mean age 15± 0.8 years) and 150(50%) girls (mean age 14±1.3years)] were included in this study. Total calories (1449±949 Kcal vs. 1245±215 Kcal; p < .001), carbohydrates (138±27 gm vs. 126 ±25 gm; p < .001) protein (47±9.1 gm vs. 44±6 gm; p < .001) was significantly higher among boys compared to girls. In contrast, calcium (1094±105 mg vs. 1144±100; 0.004), phosphate 1050±125 vs. 1148±147; p<0.001), iron (9.2±1.7 mg vs. 10±1.3 mg; p<0.001), and Zinc (7.4±1.8 mg vs. 9.9±1.7 mg; p<0.001) intake was significantly higher among girls than boys. Gender-wise comparison of serum metals in school-going children showed that serum iron was significantly lower among girls than boys (100.86±25.65 μg/dl vs. 78.48±28.66 μg/dl; p<0.001), and no difference was found in serum Zn, Se, and Ca levels. Total proteins were also significantly lower among girls than boys (6.48±1.01g/dl vs. 4.87±1.4301g/dl; p<0.001). Serum iron, Ca, and total proteins were significantly lower among girls with normal ranges compared to boys with normal ranges. Total protein was significantly lower among girls below normal ranges than boys with normal ranges (p < .001). The correlation of carbohydrates, protein, and fat with some serum biochemical parameters in school-going children showed that serum Fe was significantly linked with proteins (r = 0.255; p < .0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our findings showed a concurrent shortage of macro and micronutrients. The current study also revealed that total energy intake was lower than the RDA and significant Fe, Zn, and Se deficiencies. The findings highlight the importance of measures aimed at improving children's nutritional status.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Pakistan; Adolescent; Zinc; Selenium; Energy Intake; Iron; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38917170
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304277 -
PloS One 2024Increases in near-surface ozone (O3) concentrations is a global environmental problem. High-concentration O3 induces stress in plants, which can lead to visible damage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Increases in near-surface ozone (O3) concentrations is a global environmental problem. High-concentration O3 induces stress in plants, which can lead to visible damage to plants, reduced photosynthesis, accelerated aging, inhibited growth, and can even plant death. However, its impact has not been comprehensively evaluated because of the response differences between individual plant species, environmental O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. We used a meta-analysis approach based on 31 studies 343 observations) to examine the effects of elevated O3 on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities in herbaceous plants. Globally, important as they constitute the majority of the world's food crops. We partitioned the variation in effect size found in the meta-analysis according to the presence of plant species (ornamental herb, rice, and wheat), O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. Our results showed that the effects of elevated O3 on plant membrane lipid peroxidation depending on plant species, O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. The wheat SOD and POD activity was significantly lower compared to the herbs and rice (P<0.01). The SOD activity of all herbaceous plants increased by 34.6%, 10.5%, and 26.3% for exposure times to elevated O3 environments of 1-12, 13-30, and 31-60 days, respectively. When the exposure time was more than 60 days, SOD activity did not increase but significantly decreased by 12.1%. However, the POD activity of herbaceous plants increased by 30.4%, 57.3%, 21.9% and 5.81%, respectively, when exposure time of herbaceous plants in elevated O3 environment was 1-12, 13-30, 31-60 and more than 60 days. Our meta-analysis revealed that (1) rice is more resistant to elevated O3 than wheat and ornamental herbs likely because of the higher activity of antioxidant components (e.g., POD) in the symplasts, (2) exposure to elevated O3 concentrations for >60 days, may result in antioxidant SOD lose its regulatory ability, and the antioxidant component POD in the symplast is mainly used to resist O3 damage, and (3) the important factors affected the activity of SOD and POD in plants were not consistent: the duration of O3 stress in plants was more important than plant species and O3 concentration for SOD activity. However, for POD activity, plant species was the most important factor.
Topics: Superoxide Dismutase; Antioxidants; Ozone; Malondialdehyde; Lipid Peroxidation; Plants; Oxidative Stress; Oxidoreductases; Oryza; Peroxidase
PubMed: 38917096
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305688 -
Plant Disease Jun 2024The Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne), belongs to the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed throughout Asia, including Republic of Korea. It is used...
The Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne), belongs to the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed throughout Asia, including Republic of Korea. It is used as a traditional treatment for asthma, common cold, and dry pharynx. Numerous recent pharmacological studies on antiinfluenza, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties have confirmed the medicinal properties of the Chinese quince fruit (Chun et al., 2012). In March 2022, leaf spots on Chinese quince, resulting in defoliation, were observed in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea (Fig. 1A). The disease symptoms are dark brown spots on leaves. Later, the chlorophyll is lost, causing the entire leaf to become wilted and fell off (Fig. 1B). To identify the pathogen, symptomatic leaves were brought to the laboratory, cut into small pieces, and surface-disinfected in 70% ethanol for 15 s and rinsed with sterile distilled water (SDW). The specimens were then treated with 1% NaOCl for 15 s, followed by rinsing with SDW. Thus, surface-disinfected tissues were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25°C for 7 d. A total of four isolates were obtained from the infected leaves. The colonies were transferred onto freshly prepared PDA plates by the single spore method for further purification. GYUN-10746 isolate was selected as the representative strain among the four isolates and deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC 410367). They initially produced white mycelia, which turned dark brown or pale brown at the center and beige at the periphery after 7 d (Fig. 1C and D). Conidiophores were pyriform, sometimes ovoid, or ellipsoidal and brown, measuring 30.8 ± 0.49 × 12.9 ± 0.26 µm (length × width) (n=100) (Fig. 1E). The morphological characteristics were consistent with those of Alternaria alternata (Woudenberg et al. 2015). For molecular identification, DNA was amplified using the following primers: ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone et al. 1999), Gpd-R/Gpd-F (Berbee et al. 1999), Alt a1-F/Alt a1-R (Hong et al. 2005) and rpb2F/rpb2R (Liu et al. 1999) by PCR. DNA sequences from all 4 isolates (GYUN-10746, GYUN-11193, GYUN-11194 and GYUN-11195) were identical. The ITS (OP594615), TEF1-α (OR327062), GAPDH (OR372157), Alt a 1 (OR327061), and RPB2 (OR352741) sequences from the representative isolate GYUN-10746 were 100% identical to those of previously identified A. alternate isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using sequences of ITS, TEF1-α, GAPDH, Alt a l, and RPB2 to illustrate their relationship with A. alternata and related Alternaria species (Fig. 2). For the pathogenicity test, healthy Chinese quince branch containing leaves were inoculated with 7-day-old mycelial plugs of A. alternata, while leaves on a branch inoculated with PDA plugs alone served as a control group. Thus inoculated branches were incubated at 25°C for 7 d. Disease symptoms were developed on leaves of the branches inoculated with mycelial plugs of the fungal pathogen (Fig. 1F), while no symptoms developed on control group. The resulting leaf spots resembled those on the original infected plants. To confirm Koch's postulates, the pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated leaves with identical morphological and molecular characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot caused by A. alternata in C. sinensis in Korea. The identification of the pathogen may provide pertinent information for the development of disease controlling strategies.
PubMed: 38916907
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-24-0984-PDN -
Plant Disease Jun 2024Dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus) is a valuable fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions. It is renowned for its nutritional benefits, such as high sodium,...
Dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus) is a valuable fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions. It is renowned for its nutritional benefits, such as high sodium, potassium, and vitamin levels, and as a source of prebiotics and antioxidants (Balendres et al. 2019). In July 2023, anthracnose symptoms on stems were detected on dragon fruit plants in Jeju, South Korea. The typical anthracnose symptoms, such as sunken necrotic lesions (5-20 mm in diameter), were seen on the mature stems. The disease incidence ranged from 10% to 12% among the three surveyed greenhouses. To isolate the causative organism, infected stem samples were surface sterilized, cut into small pieces, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After two days of incubation at 24ºC, white hyphae appeared on the PDA around the plant tissues. Isolates CNU H23009 and CNU H23010 were purified from a single hypha under a stereoscope (e-Xtra Figure 1). Conidial morphology was examined from two-day-old fungal cultures grown on V8 juice agar. The conidia were transparent, aseptate, cylindrical to clavate, with a rounded apex and base, and measured 11.9 - 16.85 × 5.17 - 6.91 μm (mean = 15.28 × 5.93 μm, n = 30). No appressoria was observed. Morphological characteristics indicated the isolates were Colletotrichum sp. matching the description of the C. gloeosporioides species complex (Weir et al. 2012). To further identify the isolates, genomic DNA was extracted and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and actin (ACT) were amplified using ITS1/ITS4, GDF/GDR, and ACT-512F/ACT-783R, respectively (Weir et al. 2012). Based on phylogenetic analysis, the isolates clustered with C. aenigma (strains ICMP18608, ICMP18686, CSH2, and QSG1), with 71% bootstrap support, as determined using the maximum parsimony method in PAUP 4.0 (e-Xtra Figure 2). Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, isolates were identified as C. aenigma. Sequences of CNU H23009 and CNU H23010 were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OR535144 and OR535145 for ITS, OR540725 and OR540726 for GAPDH, and OR540723 and OR540724 for ACT. The pathogenicity was tested on healthy dragon fruit stems using wound inoculation with mycelial plugs of the CNU H23009 isolate. Controls were inoculated with PDA plugs. The plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain humidity and incubated in a greenhouse at 25ºC. After two days, necrotic spots had developed on the inoculated tissues; after four days, black, irregular, and sunken necrotic lesions similar to those seen in the field were observed. No symptoms occurred in the controls. C. aenigma was re-isolated from the artificially inoculated plants and re-identified based on conidial morphology. The pathogenicity test was repeated three times with three replications for each treatment. Previous studies have reported that C. aenigma, C. gloeosoporioides, C. siamense, C. truncatum, and C. karsti cause anthracnose in dragon fruit. However, C. aenigma has been reported only in Thailand (Balendres et al. 2019; Meetum et al. 2015). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. aenigma causing anthracnose in dragon fruit in Korea.
PubMed: 38916904
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-09-23-1894-PDN -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024Physicochemical methods for remediating phenol-contaminated soils are costly and inefficient, making biodegradation an environmentally friendly alternative approach....
Physicochemical methods for remediating phenol-contaminated soils are costly and inefficient, making biodegradation an environmentally friendly alternative approach. This study aims to screen for potential phenol-degrading bacteria and to verify the removal capacities of a selected strain in a bioaugmentation experiment at the greenhouse level using L. (Chinese cabbage) as the model plant and phenol-contaminated soil. In parallel, pot experiments were conducted using a collaborative approach based on this model system. We found that strain H13 showed a high degradation capability, with a 97.67% efficiency in degrading 100 mg/L phenol. Under shaking flask conditions, H13 facilitated the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and potassium feldspar powder. Pot experiments suggested a phenol removal percentage of 89.22% and enhanced availability of soil phosphorus and potassium for plants with H13 inoculation. In this case, the abundance of soil microbes and the activity of soil enzymes significantly increased as well. Furthermore, both photosynthesis and the antioxidant system in Chinese cabbage were enhanced following H13 inoculation, resulting in its increased yield and quality. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that H13 can primarily affect plant root growth, with a secondary impact on photosynthesis. These findings highlight the potential of biodegradation from phenol-degrading bacteria as a promising strategy for efficient phenol removal from soil while promoting plant growth and health.IMPORTANCEThis study is significant for environmental remediation and agriculture by its exploration of a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective bio-strategy in treating phenol-contaminated soil. These findings have essential implications for environmental remediation efforts and sustainable agriculture. By utilizing the biodegradation capabilities of strain H13, it is possible to remove phenol contaminants from the soil efficiently, reducing their negative effects. Furthermore, the enhanced growth and health of the Chinese cabbage plants indicate the potential of this approach to promote sustainable crop production.
PubMed: 38916316
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00266-24 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024The tolerance to salinity stress is an intricate phenomenon at cellular and whole plant level that requires the knowledge of contributing physiological and biochemical...
The tolerance to salinity stress is an intricate phenomenon at cellular and whole plant level that requires the knowledge of contributing physiological and biochemical processes and the genetic control of participating traits. In this context, present study was conducted with objective to evaluate the physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of different wheat genotypes including bread wheat (BW) and synthetic hexaploids (SHs) under saline and control environment. The experiment was conducted in two factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with genotypes as one factor and treatments as another factor. A significant decline in physiological traits (chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and cell membrane stability) was observed in all genotypes due to salt stress; however, this decline was higher in BW genotypes as compared to four SH genotypes. In addition, the biochemical traits including enzymes [superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase (POD)] activity, proline, and glycine betaine (GB) illustrated significant increase along with increase in the expression of corresponding genes (, , , , and ) due to salt stress in SHs as compared to BW. Correspondingly, highly overexpressed genes, , , and caused a significant decline in Na/K in SH as compared to BW genotypes under salt stress. Moreover, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and heatmap analysis have further confirmed that the association and expression of physiological and biochemical traits varied significantly with salinity stress and type of genotype. Overall, the physiological, biochemical, and genetic evaluation proved SHs as the most useful stock for transferring salinity tolerance to other superior BW cultivars via the right breeding program.
PubMed: 38916034
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336571 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused severe soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) necessitating effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation is a...
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused severe soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) necessitating effective remediation strategies. Phytoremediation is a widely adopted technology for remediating Cd-contaminated soil. Previous studies have shown that has a high Cd accumulation capacity and tolerance indicating its potential for Cd soil remediation. However, the mechanisms underlying its response to Cd stress remain unclear. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were conducted to explore the response of roots to Cd stress at different time points. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in , which simultaneously activated its antioxidant defense system, enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 19.73%-50%, 22.87%-38.89%, and 32.31%-45.40% at 12 h, 36 h, 72 h, and 7 days, respectively, compared with those in the control (CK). Moreover, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed 245, 5,708, 9,834, and 2,323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), along with 66, 62, 156, and 90 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) at 12 h, 36 h, 72 h, and 7 days, respectively. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of physiological indicators and transcript expression, eight hub genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, signal transduction, and metal transport were identified. In addition, integrative analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic data highlighted the activation of lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways under Cd stress suggesting that these pathways play crucial roles in the detoxification process and in enhancing Cd tolerance in . This comprehensive study provides detailed insights into the response mechanisms of to Cd toxicity.
PubMed: 38916029
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389207 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024Catalpol, as a natural medicine small-molecule drug, has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological effects.
OBJECTIVE
Catalpol, as a natural medicine small-molecule drug, has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological effects.
METHODS
The effect of catalpol on oxidative damage of mouse epidermal fibroblast L929 model and its mechanism were investigated by using hydrogen peroxide model, CCK8 method, flow cytometry, and Western blot.
RESULTS
The effect of catalpol on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was further studied to improve oxidative stress in cell models. The results showed that catalpol had no cytotoxicity to L929 cells, and inhibited the apoptosis of L929 cells after oxidative damage in a concentration-dependent manner, thus playing a role in cell protection. The oxidative damage of cells was inhibited by up-regulating the expression of the signature protein of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting the interstitial formation of cells.
CONCLUSION
This study is a preliminary study on the protective function of catalpol against oxidation and apoptosis in dermal fibroblasts, which can provide a theoretical basis and drug guidance for promoting skin wound healing in the later stage.
Topics: Iridoid Glucosides; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Fibroblasts; Oxidative Stress; Animals; Mice; Signal Transduction; Heme Oxygenase-1; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Hydrogen Peroxide; Antioxidants; Skin; Structure-Activity Relationship; Cell Line; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 38915869
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S467569 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Excessive calorie intake poses a significant threat to female fertility, leading to hormonal imbalances and reproductive challenges. Overconsumption of unhealthy fats...
INTRODUCTION
Excessive calorie intake poses a significant threat to female fertility, leading to hormonal imbalances and reproductive challenges. Overconsumption of unhealthy fats exacerbates ovarian dysfunction, with an overproduction of reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress, impairing ovarian follicle development and leading to irregular ovulation and premature ovarian failure. Interest in biological matrices with high antioxidant properties to combat diet-related oxidative stress has grown, as they contain various bioactive factors crucial for neutralizing free radicals potentially preventing female reproductive health. This systematic review evaluates the female reproductive impact of biological matrices in mitigating oxidative damages induced by over calory habits and, in particular, high fat diets.
METHODS
A comparative approach among mammalian models was utilized to interpret literature available data. This approach specifically investigates the antioxidant mechanisms of biological matrices on early and late ovarian folliculogenesis, under physiological and hormone-induced female reproductive cycle. Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, only English-language publications from peer-reviewed international indexes were considered.
RESULTS
The analysis of 121 publications meeting the inclusion criteria facilitated the identification of crucial components of biological matrices. These components, including carbocyclic sugars, phytonutrients, organosulfur compounds, and vitamins, were evaluated for their impact on ovarian follicle resilience, oocyte quality, and reproductive lifespan. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress on female fertility, particularly exacerbated by high saturated fat diets, are well-documented. studies across mammalian preclinical models have underscored the potential of antioxidants derived from biological matrices to mitigate diet-induced conditions. These antioxidants enhance steroidogenesis and ovarian follicle development, thereby improving oocyte quality. Additionally, discussions within these publications emphasized the clinical significance of these biological matrices, translating research findings into practical applications for female health.
CONCLUSION
Further research is essential to fully exploit the potential of these matrices in enhancing female reproduction and mitigating the effects of diets rich in fatty acids. This requires intensified studies and comprehensive collection of data before clinical trials. The promotion of ovarian resilience offers promising avenues for enhancing understanding and advancing female reproductive health world-wide.
PubMed: 38915855
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1415455