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Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... 2011Annonaceae aporphine alkaloids, of which liriodenine is the most abundant, have not been extensively studied from a biological standpoint. The goal of this study was to...
Annonaceae aporphine alkaloids, of which liriodenine is the most abundant, have not been extensively studied from a biological standpoint. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of liriodenine in antimicrobial defense during early developmental stages in Annona diversifolia. The fungi Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus glaucus, which are responsible for seed deterioration, were isolated during imbibition, and their antifungal activity was determined by diffusion, macrodilution, and metabolic inhibition assays using purified liriodenine and alkaloid extracts obtained from embryos, radicles, and roots at early developmental stages. The presence of liriodenine in extracts was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified liriodenine and alkaloidal extracts inhibited both fungi, and there was a positive relationship between extract activity and amount of liriodenine contained therein. The quantity of liriodenine present in extracts suggests its importance in controlling other phytopathogens.
Topics: Annona; Antifungal Agents; Aporphines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fungi; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
PubMed: 21950162
DOI: 10.1515/znc-2011-7-809 -
Journal of Nematology Dec 2010The objective of this work was to isolate and identify fungi associated with R. reniformis in cotton roots. Soil samples were collected in cotton fields naturally...
The objective of this work was to isolate and identify fungi associated with R. reniformis in cotton roots. Soil samples were collected in cotton fields naturally infested with R. reniformis and from cotton stock plants cultured in the greenhouse. Nematodes extracted from the soil were observed under the stereoscope, and discolored eggs and vermiform stages colonized with mycelia were cultured on 1.5% water agar supplemented with antibiotics, and incubated at 27°C. Identification of the nematophagous fungi was based on the morphological characters, and the ITS regions and 5.8S rDNA amplified by PCR using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The parasitism percentage on vermiform nematodes from greenhouse samples was 21.2%, and the percentages from cotton fields in Limestone, Henry, and Baldwin counties in Alabama were 3%, 23.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. A total of 12 fungi were identified from R. reniformis vermiform stages and eggs. The most frequently isolated fungi were Arthrobotrys dactyloides (46%) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (14%), followed by Phoma exigua (4.8%), Penicillium waksmanii and Dactylaria brochophaga (3.6%), Aspergillus glaucus group (2.4%). Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium cladiosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Torula herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and an unidentified basidiomycete were less frequent (1.2%). A high percentage (16.8%) of fungi from colonized nematodes was not cultivable on our media. Out of those 12 fungi, only four have been previously reported as nematophagous fungi: three isolates of Arthrobotrys dactyloides, and one isolate of Dactylaria brochopaga, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular identification of Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga was consistent with the morphological identification, placing these two fungi in the new genus Drechslerella as proposed in the new Orbilaceae classification.
PubMed: 22736864
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Food Protection Jun 2007The mycoflora of chouriqo types Alentejano and Ribatejano, two varieties of Portuguese dry-smoked sausages, have been investigated after a producer-defined shelf life...
The mycoflora of chouriqo types Alentejano and Ribatejano, two varieties of Portuguese dry-smoked sausages, have been investigated after a producer-defined shelf life period (120 days at 20 +/- 5 degrees C) in modified atmosphere packaging (55% N2 and 45% CO2). On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Monilia, Absidia, and Cephalosporium. The species identified were as follows: Penicillium terrestres (43.4%), Penicillium sp. (13.3%), Fusarium sp. (10%), Aspergillus glaucus (10%), Aspergillus versicolor (6.8%), Monilia fruticola (3.3%), Absidia sp. (3.3%), Cephalosporium sp. (3.3%), Rhizopus stolonifer (3.3%), and Fusarium tricinctum (3.3%). Additionally, the effects of three preservatives (potassium sorbate [PS], sodium benzoate [SB], and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate [MHB]) were studied on the growth rate of mold representative isolates. MHB showed a greater inhibitory effect than SB and PS in all fungi isolates, except in A. glaucus [Tm30(A)], in which the inhibitory effect of MHB was similar to PS. At 0.05% (wt/vol), all fungi were inhibited with MHB, except for R. stolonifer [Tm25(A)], which started to decrease the growth rate only at a concentration higher than 0.1%. PS was more effective at inhibiting mold growth than SB, except in Absidia sp. [Tm16(R)], in which both showed a similar inhibitory effect. MHB showed great promise as an application to the surface at 0.1% (wt/vol) to improve the stability and safety of the product through the inhibition of potential spoilage and toxigenic molds.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food Microbiology; Food Packaging; Food Preservation; Food Preservatives; Fungi; Humans; Kinetics; Meat Products; Parabens; Sodium Benzoate; Sorbic Acid; Species Specificity; Time Factors
PubMed: 17612078
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1468 -
Annals of Agricultural and... 2006The concentration and composition of fungal flora in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) were evaluated. For this purpose, water samples from unit reservoirs and high-speed...
The concentration and composition of fungal flora in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) were evaluated. For this purpose, water samples from unit reservoirs and high-speed handpieces, and biofilm samples from the waterline walls from units were collected. Subsequently, analogous samples from DUWL were taken before and after disinfection using agent containing hydrogen peroxide. In the examined samples, the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans and Candida curvata were found. The following species of mould were also identified: Aspergillus amstelodami, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus group, Aspergillus (=Eurotium herbariorum) repens, Citromyces spp., Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium (glabrum) frequentans, Penicillium pusillum, Penicillium turolense and Sclerotium sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Before disinfection, Candida curvata and Candida albicans constituted the greatest proportion of the total fungi in the reservoirs water; in the water of handpieces--Candida albicans and Aspergillus glaucus group; and in the biofilm samples--Aspergillus glaucus group and Candida albicans. After disinfection, in all 3 kinds of samples, Candida albicans prevailed, constituting from 31.2-85.7 % of the total fungi. The application of agent containing hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease both in the number of total fungi and individual fungal species, which confirms the product effectiveness in fungal decontamination of DUWL.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Disinfectants; Dental Equipment; Dental Instruments; Disinfectants; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Infection Control, Dental; Mitosporic Fungi; Poland; Water Microbiology; Water Purification
PubMed: 17196007
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Agricultural and... 2005The quality of dental unit water is of great importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water from aerosols generated during work. The main...
The quality of dental unit water is of great importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water from aerosols generated during work. The main purpose of this investigation was mycological evaluation of dental unit waterlines (DUWL). The author determined the number and species of fungi present in the water from a unit reservoir which is the source of water for a dental unit, in the water flowing from a high-speed handpiece of a unit, and in the swab sample collected from the wall of a waterline connecting a unit reservoir and dental handpieces. The following mould fungi were identified: Aspergillus amstelodami, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus spp. from Aspergillus glaucus group, Aspergillus repens, Citromyces spp., Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium aspergilliforme, Penicillium pusillum, Penicillium turolense, Sclerotium sclerotiorum; yeast-like fungi: Candida albicans, Candida curvata and other yeasts. Some of them, in certain circumstances, especially in people with immunological disorders, may be a cause of opportunistic infections. Thus, it is necessary that the DUWL should be submitted to a decontamination protocol and to routine microbial monitoring to guarantee an appropriate quality of water used in dental treatment.
Topics: Dental Equipment; Dental Offices; Fungi; Humans; Infection Control, Dental; Occupational Exposure; Poland; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Supply
PubMed: 16028882
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2003The aim of this study was to find a reliable method for the detection and identification of fungi in fungus balls of the maxillary sinus and to evaluate the spectrum of...
The aim of this study was to find a reliable method for the detection and identification of fungi in fungus balls of the maxillary sinus and to evaluate the spectrum of fungi in these samples. One hundred twelve samples were obtained from patients with histologically proven fungal infections; 81 samples were paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the maxillary sinus. In 31 cases, sinus contents without paraffin embedding were sent for investigation. PCR amplification with universal fungal primers for 28S ribosomal DNA and amplicon identification by hybridization with species-specific probes for Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus glaucus, Pseudallescheria boydii, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata were performed for all samples. Furthermore, PCR products were sequenced. Fresh samples were also cultivated. Fungal DNA was detected in all of the fresh samples but only in 71 paraffin-embedded tissue samples (87.7%). Sequence analysis was the most sensitive technique, as results could be obtained for 28 (90.3%) fresh samples by this method in comparison to 24 (77.4%) samples by hybridization and 16 (51.6%) samples by culture. However, sequence analysis delivered a result for only 36 (50.7%) of the paraffin-embedded specimens. Hybridization showed reliable results for A. fumigatus, which proved to be the most common agent in fungus balls of the maxillary sinus. Other Aspergillus species and other genera were rarely found.
Topics: DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; Fungi; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 12574250
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.2.581-585.2003 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Aug 1997The microscopic examination of lesions of patients with suspected mycotic infections using slides purchased from foreign countries often showed hyphae. The slides and...
The microscopic examination of lesions of patients with suspected mycotic infections using slides purchased from foreign countries often showed hyphae. The slides and their wrappings were cultured successfully on Sabouraud dextrose-agar medium. A heavy growth of suspected aspergillus colonies was obtained. These colonies were investigated further by culturing them on both Czapek's solution agar and Malt extract agar. After macroscopic and microscopic examination the fungus was identified as Aspergillus chevalieri from the Aspergillus glaucus group.
Topics: Aspergillus; Equipment Contamination; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Microscopy; Mycoses
PubMed: 9301558
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.50.8.699 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 1995We have developed 21 specific nucleic acid probes which target the large subunit rRNA genes from Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We have developed 21 specific nucleic acid probes which target the large subunit rRNA genes from Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans var. bacillispora, Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Pseudallescheria boydii, and Sporothrix schenckii. A section of the 28S rRNA gene from approximately 100 fungi, representing about 50 species of pathogens and commonly encountered saprophytes, was sequenced to develop universal PCR primers and species-specific oligonucleotide probes. Each step in the process of detection and identification was standardized to a common set of conditions applicable without modification to all fungi of interest and all types of clinical specimens. These steps consist of DNA extraction by boiling specimens in an alkaline guanidine-phenol-Tris reagent, amplification of a variable region of the 28S rRNA gene with universal primers, and amplicon identification by probe hybridization or DNA sequencing performed under conditions identical for all fungi. The results obtained by testing a panel of fungal isolates and a variety of clinical specimens indicate a high level of specificity.
Topics: Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; Fungi; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycoses; Oligonucleotide Probes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity
PubMed: 8576345
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.11.2913-2919.1995 -
Journal of Food Protection Sep 1995White and yellow popcorn were stored in different containers at high temperature (35°C) and high relative humidity (85%) conditions for 3 months. Gradual decreases in...
White and yellow popcorn were stored in different containers at high temperature (35°C) and high relative humidity (85%) conditions for 3 months. Gradual decreases in popping volumes with the lengthening of storage time were observed in both white and yellow popcorn. Internal mold infection was quite low in both white (5.7%) and yellow (3.0%) popcorn at the beginning of storage tests. Few differences were found in total infection levels up to 60 days of storage, except that the Aspergillus glaucus group became established in place of field fungi. A gradual increase in mold infection levels was then observed during the remaining 30 days of storage. Visible mold growth was also observed on the tips of some kernels by the end of storage studies. Internal mold infection in white popcorn stored in an open container was lower (18.3%) than white popcorn stored in a closed plastic bag (75.0%) and closed plastic jar (85.3%), whereas the internal mold infection in yellow popcorn stored in an open container was higher (23.3%) than yellow popcorn stored in a closed plastic bag (6.3%) and closed plastic jar (2.6%). The A. glaucus group were the predominant molds found at the end of storage tests. The ability of toxigenic molds to invade the popcorn was determined using a dry spore inoculum. None of the inoculated molds, which included Aspergillus flavus , Penicillium martensii , and Penicillium viridicatum , were able to invade the popcorn during storage. However, the A. glaucus group predominated at the end of storage tests in the inoculated samples.
PubMed: 31137417
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-58.9.1018 -
Journal of Food Protection Aug 1986The incidence of mycotoxins and the interrelations among ecological variables in western Canadian common and durum wheat and barley were determined using 440 railway car...
The incidence of mycotoxins and the interrelations among ecological variables in western Canadian common and durum wheat and barley were determined using 440 railway car samples collected during 1981-83. The 41 Prairie Crop Districts represented by the samples were ranked according to the incidence of fungal infection, mite infestation and other grain quality loss critera and grouped according to climatic subdivisions. Principal component analyses determined linear relationship patterns of ecological variables; ranking of the crop districts was done by Kendall's ranking approximation technique using the first (C) and second (C) principal components. Only five samples originating from Saskatchewan, Alberta and Manitoba contained ochratoxin A, with levels of 10-51 ppb. None of the samples contained aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, or penicillic acid. All samples containing ochratoxin A had established contamination of species in the Aspergillus glaucus group (10-86% infection level), and Penicillium spp. (20-80% infection level). Most of these samples had low germinability, high fat acidity levels and were infested by stored-product mites including, Acarus siro complex, Lepidoglyphus destructor (Shrank) and Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist. In wheat, the C accounted for 24% of the variability indicating that poorly germinated wheat was associated with the presence of Penicillium , Aspergillus glaucus group, Wallemia sp., and the fungivorous mites, T. granarius and A. siro . The C accounted for 10% of the variability indicating that an increase in free fatty acids was correlated with a high incidence of Aspergillus flavus and A. versicolor . Pronounced C interrelations for wheat were most common in crop districts lying in the Sub-humid Prairie, the northern part of the Dry Belt and the southern part of the Humid regions. Similar relationships for durum wheat and barley were also defined and ranked on maps.
PubMed: 30959693
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-49.8.608