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Canadian Journal of Comparative... Jan 1983Feed samples associated with 51 cases of suspected or potential mycotoxicoses of farm animals in western Canada were examined during a three year study. Ochratoxin A was...
Feed samples associated with 51 cases of suspected or potential mycotoxicoses of farm animals in western Canada were examined during a three year study. Ochratoxin A was detected in four cases, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in one, and sterigmatocystin in one. Samples examined for microflora associated with production of these mycotoxins contained Penicillium spp., Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium spp. and fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group. Samples were analyzed for T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol only if Fusarium spp. were present. The first known incidence of suspected sterigmatocystin poisoning of poultry through feed ingestion has been encountered.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Canada; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chickens; Food Microbiology; Fungi; Mycotoxins; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 6831303
DOI: No ID Found -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 1979A survey was conducted to compare the total viable fungal content and the number of different mold species encountered in 10 types of health foods labeled organically... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A survey was conducted to compare the total viable fungal content and the number of different mold species encountered in 10 types of health foods labeled organically grown and in the same foods without such a label. The foods were wheat flour, corn meal, brown rice, figs, split peas, pinto beans, soybeans, walnuts, pecans, and peanuts. Results showed no consistent difference in either the total viable fungal content or the number of different mold species encountered between the labeled and unlabeled foods. Two genera of yeasts (Rhodotorula and Saccharomyces) and 22 gener of molds, including more than 65 species, were encountered. The mold flora was dominated by Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus candidus, Penicillium cyclopium, and Penicillium viridicatum. Isolates of the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Helminthosporium also occurred in certain foods. At least 10 toxicogenic species of Aspergillus and Penicillium were encountered. A total of 87 cultures of these species, all isolated from health foods, were screened for laboratory production of their respective toxins. Toxin production potential of these 87 cultures did not differ from that of cultures of the same species isolated from conventional foods.
Topics: Aspergillus; Food Microbiology; Fungi; Mycotoxins; Penicillium; Species Specificity
PubMed: 453829
DOI: 10.1128/aem.37.3.567-571.1979 -
Journal of Food Protection May 1977The mold flora of 385 unprocessed soybean samples was determined before and after surface disinfection of the beans with 5% NaOCl. Molds were detected in 99.4% of the...
The mold flora of 385 unprocessed soybean samples was determined before and after surface disinfection of the beans with 5% NaOCl. Molds were detected in 99.4% of the 19,250 non-disinfected soybeans examined, and in 52.8% of the 19,250 surface-disinfected soybeans examined indicating that contamination was primarily at the surface, although internal invasion also was substantial. The mold flora, both before and after surface disinfection, was dominated by species of the Aspergillus glaucus group, Asperigillus flavus , Aspergillus candidus , Penicillium cyclopium , plus species of Alternaria and Cladosporium . The toxicogenic species A. flavus , Aspergillus nidulans , Aspergillus ochaeceus , Aspergillus versicolor , Penicillium citrinum , P. cyclopium , and Pencillium viridicatum were encountered regularly in non-surface-disinfected soybeans. Except for A. flavus and P. cyclopium , the occurrence of toxicogenic species Aspergillus melleus , soybeans was sporadic. The toxicogenic species Aspergillus melleus , Pencillium expansum , and Penicillium urticae were encountered occasionally, but only in non-surface-disinfected soybeans. Penicillium chrysogenum , the penicillin-producing organism, was encountered regularly in non-surface-disinfected soybeans, but less frequently in disinfected soybeans.
PubMed: 30731630
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-40.5.309 -
Applied Microbiology Apr 1975To evaluate the potential for mycotoxin production by molds in dried beans, the mold flora of 114 samples was determined both before and after surface disinfection of...
To evaluate the potential for mycotoxin production by molds in dried beans, the mold flora of 114 samples was determined both before and after surface disinfection of the beans with 5% NaOCl. Surface disinfection substantially reduced mold incidence, indicating that contamination was mainly on the surface. The flora, both before and after disinfection, was dominated by species of the Aspergillus glaucus group, the toxicogenic species A ochracues, Penicillium cyclopium, and P. viridicatum, and species of Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. The toxicogenic species Aspergillus flavis, A. versicolor, Penicillium Citrinum, P. expansum, P. islandicum, and P. urticae were encountered less frequently. Of 209 species of Aspergillus and Penicillium screened for mycotoxin production on sterile rice substrate, 114 produced one or more of the following mycotoxins: A. flavus, aflatoxins; A. ochraceus, ochratoxins; A. nidulans, A. unguis, and A. versicolor, sterigmatocystin; P. cyclopium, penicillic acid; P. citrinum and P. viridicatum, citrinin; P. urticae, patulin and griseofulvin. Sterigmatocystin production by A. unguis is reported for the first time.
Topics: Aflatoxins; Aspergillus; Caproates; Citrinin; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Fungi; Fusarium; Griseofulvin; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycotoxins; Ochratoxins; Patulin; Penicillium; Species Specificity; Vegetables
PubMed: 1168442
DOI: 10.1128/am.29.4.522-526.1975 -
Applied Microbiology Dec 1968The predominant spoilage fungi of dried and high-moisture prunes were members of the Aspergillus glaucus group and Xeromyces bisporus. Chrysosporium spp. were also...
The predominant spoilage fungi of dried and high-moisture prunes were members of the Aspergillus glaucus group and Xeromyces bisporus. Chrysosporium spp. were also important. At the mean pH of prune flesh (3.8) and at 25 C, X. bisporus grew at water activities (a(w)) down to 0.605, and Chrysosporium fastidium grew to 0.686. Germination was always followed by growth, but within the 120-day incubation period, the minimum a(w) permitting asexual sporulation was usually higher than that permitting germination. Sexual sporulation often required an even higher a(w). The water requirements of aspergilli were appreciably greater at this pH than near neutrality, no species germinating below 0.738 a(w). This was probably a consequence of a high spore-death rate during incubation at low a(w) and pH.
PubMed: 16349827
DOI: 10.1128/am.16.12.1853-1858.1968 -
Applied Microbiology Jun 1968Species of Aspergillus were the most prevalent fungi isolated from 51 samples of damaged flue-cured tobacco of the 1966 U.S. crop, comprising 57% of the total isolates....
Species of Aspergillus were the most prevalent fungi isolated from 51 samples of damaged flue-cured tobacco of the 1966 U.S. crop, comprising 57% of the total isolates. Other prevalent fungi were Penicillium (16%), Alternaria (8%), Cladosporium (4%), and Chaetomium (4%). Members of the Aspergillus glaucus group were isolated most frequently from samples with moisture contents ranging from 18 to 28%, whereas Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Penicillium were isolated consistently from samples containing 24 to 32% moisture. Aspergillus niger was prevalent in tobacco ranging in moisture content from 18 to 30%.
PubMed: 16349805
DOI: 10.1128/am.16.6.851-854.1968 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 1967Aspergillus glaucus, cultured on sodium propionate-mineral salts medium, incorporates (14)C-glyoxylate into labeled alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid within 30 sec. Mycelial...
Aspergillus glaucus, cultured on sodium propionate-mineral salts medium, incorporates (14)C-glyoxylate into labeled alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid within 30 sec. Mycelial extracts retain this biosynthetic capacity, which is destroyed by heating. Propionyl-2-(14)C-coenzyme A also in incorporated into labeled alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid by these mycelial extracts, but to a more limited extent. (14)CO(2) evolution studies, employing differentially labeled (14)C-propionate, indicate C-1 is oxidized by the mold before C-2, and C-2 before C-3. These findings suggest the involvement of alpha-hydroxyglutaric acid in the catabolism of propionic acid by A. glaucus.
Topics: Aspergillus; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Cell-Free System; Coenzyme A; Culture Media; Fumarates; Glutarates; Glycolates; Glyoxylates; Hot Temperature; Malates; Propionates; Salts; Succinates
PubMed: 6057807
DOI: 10.1128/jb.94.5.1560-1564.1967 -
The Biochemical Journal Sep 1967
Topics: Aspergillus; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glutarates; Glyoxylates; Propionates
PubMed: 6049862
DOI: 10.1042/bj1040037c -
Applied Microbiology Jul 1962Numbers and kinds of microflora were determined in 160 samples of barley grown in different regions of the United States; microflora were more abundant in the grains...
Numbers and kinds of microflora were determined in 160 samples of barley grown in different regions of the United States; microflora were more abundant in the grains grown in the central states than in those grown in the western states. During steeping and germination in micromalting equipment, the number of colonies of filamentous fungi increased from two to five times, colonies of yeasts from five to ten times, and bacteria from 50 to more than 100 times the numbers present in the grain before malting. Kiln drying according to a commercial schedule reduced the number of all types of microflora below the number present before kilning, but all were present in larger numbers in the kilned malt than in the original grain. In barley stored at room temperature and at a moisture content of 15 to 18%, members of the Aspergillus glaucus group increased with increasing time and increasing moisture content, and germination percentage of the seeds decreased. Stored free of storage fungi at room temperature, barley with a moisture content just over 15% retained a high germination percentage for 5 months, but at a moisture content of 16% the germination decreased to zero.
Topics: Bacteria; Desiccation; Edible Grain; Fungi; Germination; Hordeum; Seeds
PubMed: 13893856
DOI: 10.1128/am.10.4.331-336.1962 -
The Biochemical Journal Jul 1940
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: The molecular constitutions of catenarin and erythroglaucin, metabolic products respectively of Helminthosporium catenarium Drechsler and of species in the Aspergillus glaucus series.
PubMed: 16747256
DOI: 10.1042/bj0341124