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Frontiers in Allergy 2024Rhinitis arises from either allergic or non-allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tissue and nasal... (Review)
Review
Rhinitis arises from either allergic or non-allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tissue and nasal secretions, along with structural alterations in the nasal mucosa. The pathways through which air pollution affects rhinitis may diverge from those affecting asthma. This article aims to review the effects of diverse air pollutants on the nose, the correlation of climate change and pollution, and how they aggravate the symptoms of patients with rhinitis.
PubMed: 38863567
DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1387525 -
Clinical and Translational Allergy Jun 2024Recommendations for or against the use of interventions need to consider both desirable and undesirable effects as well as patients' values and preferences (V&P). In the... (Review)
Review
Recommendations for or against the use of interventions need to consider both desirable and undesirable effects as well as patients' values and preferences (V&P). In the decision-making context, patients' V&P represent the relative importance people place on the outcomes resulting from a decision. Therefore, the balance between desirable and undesirable effects from an intervention should depend not only on the difference between benefits and harms but also on the value that patients place on them. V&P are therefore one of the criteria to be considered when formulating guideline recommendations in the Evidence-to-Decision framework developed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) Working Group. Patients' V&P may be quantified through utilities, which can be elicited using direct methods (e.g., standard gamble or time trade-off) or indirect methods (using validated instruments to measure health-related quality of life, such as EQ-5D). The GRADE approach recommends conducting systematic reviews to summarise all the available evidence and assess the degree of certainty on V&P. In this article, we discuss the importance of considering patients' V&P and provide examples of how they are considered in the 2024 person-centred Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines.
PubMed: 38862272
DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12377 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Several studies have suggested a potential link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and gut microbiota. In response, we conducted a meta-analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have suggested a potential link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and gut microbiota. In response, we conducted a meta-analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) and Mendelian randomization (MR) to detect their genetic associations.
METHODS
Summary statistics for 211 gut microbiota taxa were gathered from the MiBioGen study, while data for AR were sourced from the Pan-UKB, the FinnGen, and the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (GERA). The genetic correlation between gut microbiota and AR was assessed using LDSC. The principal estimate of causality was determined using the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method. To assess the robustness of these findings, sensitivity analyses were conducted employing methods such as the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. The summary effect estimates of LDSC, forward MR and reverse MR were combined using meta-analysis for AR from different data resources.
RESULTS
Our study indicated a significant genetic correlation between genus (Rg = -0.64, = 3.64 × 10, Adjust_ = 3.64 × 10) and AR, and a suggestive genetic correlation between seven bacterial taxa and AR. Moreover, the forward MR analysis identified genus , genus , genus , genus , and family as being suggestively associated with an increased risk of AR. The reverse MR analysis indicated that AR was suggestively linked to an increased risk for genus and genus .
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate a causal relationship between specific gut microbiomes and AR. This enhances our understanding of the gut microbiota's contribution to the pathophysiology of AR and lays the groundwork for innovative approaches and theoretical models for future prevention and treatment strategies in this patient population.
PubMed: 38855765
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1395340 -
Journal of Asthma and Allergy 2024Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent form of non-infectious rhinitis and is characterized by an immune response mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE).
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent form of non-infectious rhinitis and is characterized by an immune response mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE).
AIM
This study aims to compare the levels of biochemical markers and other parameters in individuals with AR, non-allergic rhinitis(n-AR), allergic rhinitis accompanied by symptoms of the lower respiratory tract(AR-SLRT), and healthy controls.
STUDY DESIGN
Case control study.
METHODS
Blood samples from the three study groups, AR ( = 22), n-AR (=20), AR-SLRT group ( = 21), and the control group (n = 18), were analyzed to ascertain the levels of total IgE, specific IgE, periostin, pendrin, vitamin D, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (Ft3), free thyroxine (Ft4), anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), as well as the leukocyte formula and hemogram.
RESULTS
The AR and n-AR groups had significantly higher hematocrit values in comparison to the control group(p<0.05). Further, eosinophil counts were significantly higher in the AR and AR-SLRT groups than in the control group(<0.05). Total IgE levels were significantly higher in the AR-SLRT group than in the AR, n-AR, and control groups (<0.05). The AR group had higher total IgE values compared to the control group and the n-AR group(<0.05). The values of ECP, periostin, pendrin, Ft3, Ft4, TSH, anti-TPO, and vitamin D did not differ significantly between the groups(>0.05).
CONCLUSION
All the investigated groups did not differ in ECP, periostin, pendrin, Ft3, Ft4, TSH, anti-TPO, or vitamin D parameters. The groups with positive AR and AR-SLRT had higher eosinophil counts than the control group. The group with AR-SLRT had higher total IgE concentrations than the other groups.
PubMed: 38855057
DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S461295 -
Cureus May 2024Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa caused by certain allergens that may be found indoors or outdoors, and it greatly impacts the...
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa caused by certain allergens that may be found indoors or outdoors, and it greatly impacts the patient's quality of life. The COVID-19 epidemic offers an excellent chance to examine how using a face mask affects allergy.
AIM
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of face mask wearing on AR symptoms among subjects living in the northern, southern, eastern, western, and central regions of Saudi Arabia.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional, survey-based study was undertaken in all Saudi Arabia regions in 2022. We included female and male adults living in Saudi Arabia who have AR and completed the Arabic version of an electronic self-administered questionnaire.
RESULTS
The overall received responses were 2252. According to the study eligibility criteria, we assessed the data of 470 participants who self-reported to have been diagnosed with AR. There was no significant change in the proportions of nasal symptoms severity before and after wearing face masks during the pandemic (p = 0.867), while a significant negative change was observed in the rates of moderate and severe ophthalmic symptoms (p < 0.001). The need for AR drugs was significantly increased during the pandemic (no need for drugs was reported by 45.3% before the pandemic and by 37.9% during the pandemic, p < 0.001). However, the use of AR drugs was significantly associated with the improvement of AR symptoms (p < 0.001); complete and partial eliminations of AR symptoms were higher with the use of masks during the pandemic (11.3% and 36.8%) than before the pandemic period (10.6% and 34.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
Face mask usage was not associated with improved symptoms or severity of AR. Wearing the masks was associated with increased severity of ophthalmic symptoms. The use of face masks was associated with a significant increase in the partial and complete elimination of AR symptoms with the use of AR drugs, particularly with the constant use of masks.
PubMed: 38854257
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59937 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Allergic rhinitis (AR), a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE), involves pivotal roles of immune and metabolic factors in its...
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR), a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE), involves pivotal roles of immune and metabolic factors in its onset and progression. However, the intricacies and uncertainties in clinical research render current investigations into their interplay somewhat inadequate.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the causal relationships between immune cells, metabolites, and AR, we conducted a mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
Leveraging comprehensive publicly accessible summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), this study employed the two-sample MR research method to investigate causal relationships among 731 immune cell phenotypes, 1400 metabolite levels, and AR. Additionally, employing the mediation MR approach, the study analyzed potential mediated effect of metabolites in the relationships between immune cells and AR. Various sensitivity analysis methods were systematically employed to ensure the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
Following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, we identified three immune cell phenotypes as protective factors for AR: Naive CD8br %CD8br (odds ratio (OR): 0.978, 95% CI = 0.966-0.990, P = 4.5×10), CD3 on CD39+ activated Treg (OR: 0.947, 95% CI = 0.923-0.972, P = 3×10), HVEM on CD45RA- CD4+ (OR: 0.967, 95% CI = 0.948-0.986, P = 4×10). Additionally, three metabolite levels were identified as risk factors for AR: N-methylhydroxyproline levels (OR: 1.219, 95% CI = 1.104-1.346, P = 9×10), N-acetylneuraminate levels (OR: 1.133, 95% CI = 1.061-1.211, P = 1.7×10), 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-gpc (18:0/20:4) levels (OR: 1.058, 95% CI = 1.029-1.087, P = 5×10). Mediation MR analysis indicated a causal relationship between Naive CD8br %CD8br and N-methylhydroxyproline levels, acting as a protective factor (OR: 0.971, 95% CI = 0.950-0.992, P = 8.31×10). The mediated effect was -0.00574, accounting for 26.1% of the total effect, with a direct effect of -0.01626. Naive CD8+ T cells exert a protective effect on AR by reducing N-methylhydroxyproline levels.
CONCLUSION
Our study, delving into genetic information, has substantiated the intricate connection between immune cell phenotypes and metabolite levels with AR. This reveals a potential pathway to prevent the onset of AR, providing guiding directions for future clinical investigations.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Rhinitis, Allergic; Genome-Wide Association Study; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Phenotype; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 38846949
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396246 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Schistosomiasis remains the most devastating neglected tropical disease, affecting over 240 million people world-wide. The disease is caused by the eggs laid by mature...
Schistosomiasis remains the most devastating neglected tropical disease, affecting over 240 million people world-wide. The disease is caused by the eggs laid by mature female worms that are trapped in host's tissues, resulting in chronic Th2 driven fibrogranulmatous pathology. Although the disease can be treated with a relatively inexpensive drug, praziquantel (PZQ), re-infections remain a major problem in endemic areas. There is a need for new therapeutic drugs and alternative drug treatments for schistosomiasis. The current study hypothesized that cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) could mediate fibroproliferative pathology during schistosomiasis. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are potent lipid mediators that are known to be key players in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of cysLTR1 during experimental acute and chronic schistosomiasis using cysLTR1 mice, as well as the use of cysLTR1 inhibitor (Montelukast) to assess immune responses during chronic infection. Mice deficient of cysLTR1 and littermate control mice were infected with either high or low dose of to achieve chronic or acute schistosomiasis, respectively. Hepatic granulomatous inflammation, hepatic fibrosis and IL-4 production in the liver was significantly reduced in mice lacking cysLTR1 during chronic schistosomiasis, while reduced liver pathology was observed during acute schistosomiasis. Pharmacological blockade of cysLTR1 using montelukast in combination with PZQ reduced hepatic inflammation and parasite egg burden in chronically infected mice. Combination therapy led to the expansion of Tregs in chronically infected mice. We show that the disruption of cysLTR1 is dispensable for host survival during schistosomiasis, suggesting an important role cysLTR1 may play during early immunity against schistosomiasis. Our findings revealed that the combination of montelukast and PZQ could be a potential prophylactic treatment for chronic schistosomiasis by reducing fibrogranulomatous pathology in mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that cysLTR1 is a potential target for host-directed therapy to ameliorate fibrogranulomatous pathology in the liver during chronic and acute schistosomiasis in mice.
Topics: Animals; Receptors, Leukotriene; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Cyclopropanes; Acetates; Sulfides; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Mice, Knockout; Quinolines; Female; Schistosoma mansoni; Chronic Disease; Leukotriene Antagonists; Liver; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Praziquantel; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 38840916
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1279043 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jun 2024The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits on various immune cells suggests their involvement in allergic rhinitis. However, how exactly they...
The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits on various immune cells suggests their involvement in allergic rhinitis. However, how exactly they contribute to this pathogenesis is not yet confirmed. Our present study examined the therapeutic potential of GTS-21, an α7 nAChR agonist, for treating allergic rhinitis by employing its mouse models. GTS-21 treatment reduced allergen-induced immediate nasal response in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized model. However, nasal hyperresponsiveness or eosinophil infiltration elicited in either the OVA-sensitized or T helper 2 cell-transplanted model was not affected by GTS-21. GTS-21 did not alter allergen-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis response in anti-dinitrophenyl IgE-sensitized mice. This evidence implies GTS-21's potential to alleviate allergic rhinitis without perturbing T cells or mast cells.
PubMed: 38839347
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0033 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of the combined use of omalizumab with conventional anti-allergy treatment for IgE-mediated allergic diseases and to...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of the combined use of omalizumab with conventional anti-allergy treatment for IgE-mediated allergic diseases and to provide new treatment options for the clinical management of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
METHODS
Patients with IgE-mediated allergic diseases who visited the Allergy Department of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between June 2020 and June 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: the conventional anti-allergy treatment group (control) and the experimental group receiving conventional treatment combined with omalizumab. The treatment lasted for 24 weeks, with patient follow-up and evaluation of treatment effects for seasonal allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and urticaria.
RESULTS
The evaluation of treatment effects for seasonal allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and allergic rhinitis showed that the experimental group had significantly better outcomes than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The combined use of omalizumab with conventional anti-allergy treatment was effective in treating IgE-mediated seasonal allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and allergic asthma, providing a new therapeutic option for the clinical management of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
PubMed: 38836729
DOI: No ID Found