-
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024We previously revealed that Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) regulates T-cell activity, enhancing the immune response in people with chronic respiratory diseases. However,...
We previously revealed that Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) regulates T-cell activity, enhancing the immune response in people with chronic respiratory diseases. However, the effects of CAVO on allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been investigated. Herein, we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model to determine these effects. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to OVA for 3 weeks. CAVO or loratadine (positive control) was given orally once daily for 2 weeks to OVA-exposed rats. Behavior modeling nasal allergies was observed. Nasal mucosa, serum, and spleen samples of AR rats were analyzed. CAVO treatment significantly reduced the number of nose rubs and sneezes, and ameliorated several hallmarks of nasal mucosa tissue remodeling: inflammation, eosinophilic infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia, and mast cell hyperplasia. CAVO administration markedly upregulated expressions of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12, and downregulated expressions of serum tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, immunoglobulin-E, and histamine. CAVO therapy also increased production of IFN-γ and T-helper type 1 (Th1)-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) of the cluster of differentiation-4+ T-cells in splenic lymphocytes, and protein and mRNA expressions of T-bet in nasal mucosa. In contrast, levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA binding protein-3 were suppressed by CAVO. These cumulative findings demonstrate that CAVO therapy can alleviate AR by regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells.
PubMed: 38835658
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332036 -
Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical... Jun 2024Recombinant human Interleukin receptor antagonist (rhIL-Ra) can bind to the IL-1 receptor on the cell membrane and reversibly blocks the proinflammatory signaling...
BACKGROUND
Recombinant human Interleukin receptor antagonist (rhIL-Ra) can bind to the IL-1 receptor on the cell membrane and reversibly blocks the proinflammatory signaling pathway. However, its effect on allergic rhinitis (AR) and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1Ra) on AR guinea pigs.
METHODS
Guinea pigs were systemically sensitized by intraperitoneal injection and topical intranasal instillation with ovalbumin within 21 days. Animals administrated with saline served as the normal control. The AR animals were randomly divided into the model group and distinct concentrations of rhIL-1Ra and budesonide treatment groups. IL-1β and ovalbumin specific IgE levels were detected by ELISA kits. Nasal mucosa tissues were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (HE) for histological examination.
RESULTS
It was found that the numbers of sneezing and nose rubbing were remarkably reduced in rhIL-1Ra and budesonide-treated guinea pigs. Besides, rhIL-1Ra distinctly alleviated IgE levels in serum and IL-1β levels in nasal mucus, together with decreased exfoliation of epithelial cells, eosinophilic infiltration, tissue edema and vascular dilatation.
CONCLUSIONS
rhIL-1Ra is effective in AR guinea pigs and may provide a novel potential choice for AR treatments.
PubMed: 38835041
DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00893-9 -
Autoimmunity Dec 2024Chronic periodontitis (CP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) have attracted wide attention as global public health problems with high incidence. Recent studies have shown that...
BACKGROUND
Chronic periodontitis (CP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) have attracted wide attention as global public health problems with high incidence. Recent studies have shown that circulating interleukin-27 (IL-27) is associated with the risk of CP and AR. The aim of this study is to analyze the causal effect between them using Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS
Bidirectional MR analyses were performed with the use of publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Summary data on circulating IL-27, CP, and AR published in genome-wide association studies were collected. Instrumental variables (IV) were extracted using assumptions of correlation, independence and exclusivity as criteria. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method, combined with weighted median method (WM) and MR-Egger and other MR Analysis methods for causal inference of exposure and outcome. Cochran's Q and MR-Egger intercept were used for sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
The IVW study showed a causal effect between increased circulating IL-27 levels and increased risk of CP (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.02-1.26, = .020). Similarly, the increase of circulating IL-27 level had a causal effect on the decreased risk of AR (OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80-0.97, = .012). In addition, IVW study found that there was a causal between the increased risk of CP and circulating IL-27 level (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.10, = .016). However, there was no significant causal relationship between the risk of AR and circulating IL-27 levels (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.91-1.02, = .209). no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a causal effect between circulating IL-27 level and CP, AR, which will help to find new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of CP and AR.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Genome-Wide Association Study; Chronic Periodontitis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Interleukins; Risk Factors; Interleukin-27
PubMed: 38829359
DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2358070 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Although the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in allergic rhinitis and/or nasal polyps (NPs) development has been studied, the contribution of BDNF in...
OBJECTIVE
Although the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in allergic rhinitis and/or nasal polyps (NPs) development has been studied, the contribution of BDNF in non-allergic NPs has not been evaluated yet. This study was to investigate the possible role of BDNF in non-allergic NPs pathogenesis.
METHODS
The study was carried out at The Second Hospital of Shandong University from December 2020 to November 2021. The non-allergic NPs patients (n=26) and the control group (n=22) were included. Lund-Mackay CT scores, nasal endoscopy scores, and pulmonary function testing were evaluated before surgery. Tissue and serum levels of BDNF, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and cytokeratins 5 (CK5) were assessed between different groups.
RESULT
The BDNF level in serum and tissue, CK5 count, and eosinophil infiltration in tissue were higher in non-allergic NPs. The eosinophils infiltration, ECP mRNA expression level, as well as BDNF mRNA level were increased in the BDNF subgroup compared with BDNF subgroup. Significantly negative correlations between BDNF count and the situation of airway obstruction were found in non-allergic NPs.
CONCLUSION
BDNF may have both local and systemic effects in non-allergic NPs pathogenesis. BDNF may be a possible therapeutic target or an indicator for eosinophilic NPs management.
PubMed: 38827877
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.5.7907 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2024To explore factors influencing the acceptance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases by pediatric patients and their families.
OBJECTIVE
To explore factors influencing the acceptance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases by pediatric patients and their families.
METHODS
A total of 406 children (210 males and 196 females) attending the pediatric outpatient clinics and wards of the Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2020 to April 2022. Those who met the criteria for the AIT treatment, were included in the survey. An online 20-item questionnaire was developed. Data on patient's general characteristics, allergic disease status, family history of allergies, general family information, parental knowledge of allergic diseases, and whether the AIT treatment was recommended by a physician, were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to their willingness to receive AIT: a reluctant or neutral group (n = 182), and a willing group (n = 224). A univariate analysis of the willingness to undergo AIT was done to detect parameters that significantly differed between the groups, and the identified factors were used as independent variables in the multifactorial logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The severity of allergic disease, presence of drug allergy, occurrence of severe allergic reactions, mother's education, distance from home to the hospital, parental knowledge of allergic diseases, and whether the doctor recommended AIT were all statistically different between the groups (p < 0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of allergic rhinitis (AR), or asthma (AS), parental knowledge of allergic diseases, and doctor's recommendation of AIT were the factors that influenced the willingness of pediatric patients to receive AIT.
CONCLUSIONS
The severity of AR and AS, parental knowledge of allergic diseases, and doctor's recommendation influenced the willingness of pediatric patients to receive AIT.
PubMed: 38827874
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.5.8581 -
Asia Pacific Allergy Jun 2024The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) primarily relies on symptoms and laboratory examinations. Due to limitations in outpatient settings, certain tests such as nasal...
BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) primarily relies on symptoms and laboratory examinations. Due to limitations in outpatient settings, certain tests such as nasal provocation tests and nasal secretion smear examinations are not routinely conducted. Although there are clear diagnostic criteria, an accurate diagnosis still requires the expertise of an experienced doctor, considering the patient's medical history and conducting examinations. However, differences in physician knowledge and limitations of examination methods can result in variations in diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE
Artificial intelligence is a significant outcome of the rapid advancement in computer technology today. This study aims to present an intelligent diagnosis and detection method based on ensemble learning for AR.
METHOD
We conducted a study on AR cases and 7 other diseases exhibiting similar symptoms, including rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, etc. Clinical data, encompassing medical history, clinical symptoms, allergen detection, and imaging, was collected. To develop an effective classifier, multiple models were employed to train on the same batch of data. By utilizing ensemble learning algorithms, we obtained the final ensemble classifier known as adaptive random forest-out of bag-easy ensemble (ARF-OOBEE). In order to perform comparative experiments, we selected 5 commonly used machine learning classification algorithms: Naive Bayes, support vector machine, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, deep forest (GC Forest), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost).To evaluate the prediction performance of AR samples, various parameters such as precision, sensitivity, specificity, G-mean, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve were jointly employed as evaluation indicators.
RESULTS
We compared 7 classification models, including probability models, tree models, linear models, ensemble models, and neural network models. The ensemble classification algorithms, namely ARF-OOBEE and GC Forest, outperformed the other algorithms in terms of the comprehensive classification evaluation index. The accuracy of G-mean and AUC parameters improved by nearly 2% when compared to the other algorithms. Moreover, these ensemble classifiers exhibited excellent performance in handling large-scale data and unbalanced samples.
CONCLUSION
The ARF-OOBEE ensemble learning model demonstrates strong generalization performance and comprehensive classification abilities, making it suitable for effective application in auxiliary AR diagnosis.
PubMed: 38827260
DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000126 -
Asia Pacific Allergy Jun 2024The cesarean section (CS) mode of delivery can influence the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), or atopic dermatitis (AD) by promoting...
BACKGROUND
The cesarean section (CS) mode of delivery can influence the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), or atopic dermatitis (AD) by promoting modifications in the infantile microbiome.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the prevalence of asthma in children who were born through CS and attended childcare centers.
METHODS
The data were obtained through an online survey that was answered anonymously by one of the parents; the survey inquired about the route of delivery of the child and the prevalence of BA, AR, and AD.
RESULTS
A total of 525 children were included. The frequency of births by vaginal, elective CS, or nonelective CS was 34.1%, 37.9%, and 28.0%, respectively, and the prevalence of BA, AR, and AD was 4.8%, 19.8%, and 12.4%, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified nonelective CS as a factor associated with the prevalence of BA (odds ratio: 3.51, = 0.026).
CONCLUSION
Our study shows that being born through nonelective CS can increase the probability of BA in children who attended daycare centers.
PubMed: 38827257
DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000144 -
Asia Pacific Allergy Jun 2024The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is mainly based on the typical medical history, clinical manifestations, and corresponding allergen test results of the patients....
BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is mainly based on the typical medical history, clinical manifestations, and corresponding allergen test results of the patients. However, there are often clinical inconsistencies among the 3.
OBJECTIVE
To study the clinical characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis from both subjective and objective aspects to determine the correlations between the quantitative assessment outcomes of subjective and objective indicators.
METHODS
A total of 111 patients with allergic rhinitis who visited our outpatient clinic from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected. The 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and the visual analog scale (VAS) for the severity of the disease were used to score the subjective indicators of allergic rhinitis. The objective indicators of allergic rhinitis were evaluated by serum inhalant allergens immunoglobulin E test, nasal endoscopy modified Lund-Kennedy (MLK) scoring method, and acoustic rhinometry.
RESULTS
SNOT-22 score, total VAS score for symptoms, and the VAS score for nasal itching were positively correlated with the number of positive allergens ( = 0.266, = 0.005, = 0.576, < 0.001, and = 0.271, = 0.004, respectively). No differences were found in all subjective indicators scores between the total immunoglobulin E positive and negative groups ( > 0.05). SNOT-22 score, total VAS score for symptoms, and the VAS score for nasal congestion were positively correlated with MLK total score of nasal endoscopy ( = 0.343, < 0.001, = 0.438, < 0.001, and = 0.225, = 0.018, respectively). Parameters of acoustic rhinometry were not correlated with the subjective indicators scores of allergic rhinitis ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
A multifaceted quantitative assessment of allergic rhinitis using a combination of subjective and objective methods can help physicians make an accurate diagnosis and create reasonable treatment plans.
PubMed: 38827256
DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000141 -
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and... Apr 2024Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergic disorders. Intra lymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is an efficacious and... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergic disorders. Intra lymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is an efficacious and time-saving alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). This study aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of ILIT in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. In this clinical trial, patients between 18 and 65 years old with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis were enrolled. They received monthly intra-lymphatic inguinal injections of an active allergen (1000 SQ-U Salsola kali pollen). Their clinical symptoms were assessed before and four weeks after treatments. The clinical signs were also evaluated during two consecutive pollination seasons and the following non-pollination season in April. No moderate or severe reactions were recorded following ILIT treatment. Lymph node enlargement, angioedema/urticaria, and local itching were seen instantly after injection. Patients who received ILIT experienced a significant clinical improvement in self-recorded seasonal allergic symptoms after the treatments, compared to themselves before ILIT. Furthermore, their quality of life significantly improved. This study suggests ILIT with Salsola-pollen extract may decrease symptoms of allergic rhinitis. It was safe and did not cause any crucial complications.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Adult; Male; Female; Desensitization, Immunologic; Quality of Life; Middle Aged; Injections, Intralymphatic; Young Adult; Allergens; Severity of Illness Index; Adolescent; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Pollen
PubMed: 38822510
DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v23i2.15321 -
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and... Apr 2024The tragic COVID-19 pandemic affected many children worldwide. Among the factors that may influence the course of viral infections including COVID-19, it is still...
The tragic COVID-19 pandemic affected many children worldwide. Among the factors that may influence the course of viral infections including COVID-19, it is still uncertain whether atopy has a protective or predisposing role. The study aims to address the knowledge gap by investigating the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 among atopic children in Kerman, in 2022. A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study on children with a history of atopy was performed in Kerman Medical University. Demographic information, type of atopy (including allergic rhinitis, Hyper-Reactive Airway Disease (HRAD) or asthma, eczema, urticaria, anaphylaxis, and food allergy), history of COVID-19 infection, and disease severity were recorded. A total of 1007 children and adolescents, (boys: 56.4%, girls: 43.6%, age:5.61±2.64 years) were included in the study. History of COVID-19 infection was positive in 53.5%, with 75.9% of the cases exhibiting mild disease severity. The frequency of atopies was HRAD or asthma (67.2%), allergic rhinitis (42.6%), and food allergy (27.4%). The frequency of COVID-19 cases was significantly higher among patients with HRAD or asthma, whereas it was significantly lower among those with food allergies, anaphylaxis, and eczema. Among atopic individuals, COVID-19 severity was significantly lower in those with allergic rhinitis, while the opposite trend was observed among food-allergic individuals. This study sheds light on the relationship between atopy and COVID-19 among pediatric patients. It seems specific types of atopies may influence the risk and severity of COVID-19 infection differently. A better understanding of these associations can inform clinical management and preventive measures for vulnerable pediatric populations.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Iran; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Child; Prevalence; Child, Preschool; Severity of Illness Index; SARS-CoV-2; Adolescent; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Food Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 38822508
DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v23i2.15317