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PloS One 2024Many have argued that discrimination against pit bulls is rooted in the breed's association with Black owners and culture. We theoretically and empirically interrogate...
Many have argued that discrimination against pit bulls is rooted in the breed's association with Black owners and culture. We theoretically and empirically interrogate that argument in a variety of ways and uncover striking similarities between the racialization of pit bulls and other racialized issues (e.g., poverty and crime) in public opinion and policy implementation. After detailing the reasons to expect pit bulls to be racialized as Black despite dog ownership in the U.S. generally being raced as white, the article shows: (1) Most Americans associate pit bulls with Black people. (2) Anti-Black attitudes, in general, are significant, independent, predictors of both anti-pit views and of preferring other breeds over them; (3) stereotypes of Black men as violent, in particular, are significant, independent, predictors of both anti-pit views and of preferring other breeds over them. (4) Implicit racialization through a national survey experiment further eroded support for legalizing pits, with the treatment effect significantly conditioned by respondent's race. And (5) state-level racial prejudice is a significant negative predictor of enacting legislation to preempt breed-specific bans. We conclude with our findings' broader insights into the nature of U.S. racial politics. Michael Tesler, [email protected], corresponding author, is Professor of Political Science at UC Irvine; Mary McThomas, [email protected], is Associate Professor of Political Science at UC Irvine. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Political Science Association's annual meeting. We thank Maneesh Arora, Rachel Bernhard, Nathan Chan, Louis Pickett, David Sears, DeSipio, Adam Duberstein, Jane Junn, Claire Kim, Jessica Manforti, J. Scott Matthews, Justin.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Humans; Racism; Politics; Male; United States; Black or African American; Public Opinion; Female; Attitude
PubMed: 38941314
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305959 -
PloS One 2024Frequent use of pain relief medications among patients with migraine can result in disease worsening and medication-overuse headache (MOH), a painful and debilitating...
Frequent use of pain relief medications among patients with migraine can result in disease worsening and medication-overuse headache (MOH), a painful and debilitating condition. We sought to conduct a cross-sectional survey among adult patients diagnosed with migraine to determine: 1) their awareness of MOH, and 2) their knowledge of the condition and its prevention, and 3) the association of these factors with actual use of pain relief medications. We recruited and interviewed 200 English-speaking adults with migraine who had a clinic visit with a neurologist or primary care provider within the past month. Patients were identified via an electronic health record query. Almost 40% of participants had never heard of the term 'medication-overuse headache.' In bivariate analyses, participants who were Black or Hispanic and those with limited health literacy were less likely to have heard of MOH. Participants scored an average of 2.1 (range: 0-3) on a MOH knowledge measure; older participants, those with limited health literacy, lower education, and little or no migraine-related disability demonstrated less knowledge. Almost a third (31.5%) of patients reported overusing pain relief medication and were at risk for MOH. Overuse was not significantly associated with MOH awareness, knowledge, or sociodemographic factors, but was related to greater migraine-related disability. Our findings suggest that patient awareness and knowledge of MOH is suboptimal, particularly among older adults, racial and ethnic minority groups, and those with limited health literacy. Interventions are needed to prevent MOH and better inform patients about risks associated with frequent use of pain relief medications.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Migraine Disorders; Middle Aged; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Headache Disorders, Secondary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Literacy; Analgesics; Aged; Young Adult; Awareness
PubMed: 38941310
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306264 -
PloS One 2024Racism and implicit bias underlie disparities in health care access, treatment, and outcomes. An emerging area of study in examining health disparities is the use of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Racism and implicit bias underlie disparities in health care access, treatment, and outcomes. An emerging area of study in examining health disparities is the use of stigmatizing language in the electronic health record (EHR).
OBJECTIVES
We sought to summarize the existing literature related to stigmatizing language documented in the EHR. To this end, we conducted a scoping review to identify, describe, and evaluate the current body of literature related to stigmatizing language and clinician notes.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Embase databases in May 2022, and also conducted a hand search of IEEE to identify studies investigating stigmatizing language in clinical documentation. We included all studies published through April 2022. The results for each search were uploaded into EndNote X9 software, de-duplicated using the Bramer method, and then exported to Covidence software for title and abstract screening.
RESULTS
Studies (N = 9) used cross-sectional (n = 3), qualitative (n = 3), mixed methods (n = 2), and retrospective cohort (n = 1) designs. Stigmatizing language was defined via content analysis of clinical documentation (n = 4), literature review (n = 2), interviews with clinicians (n = 3) and patients (n = 1), expert panel consultation, and task force guidelines (n = 1). Natural language processing was used in four studies to identify and extract stigmatizing words from clinical notes. All of the studies reviewed concluded that negative clinician attitudes and the use of stigmatizing language in documentation could negatively impact patient perception of care or health outcomes.
DISCUSSION
The current literature indicates that NLP is an emerging approach to identifying stigmatizing language documented in the EHR. NLP-based solutions can be developed and integrated into routine documentation systems to screen for stigmatizing language and alert clinicians or their supervisors. Potential interventions resulting from this research could generate awareness about how implicit biases affect communication patterns and work to achieve equitable health care for diverse populations.
Topics: Humans; Electronic Health Records; Documentation; Language; Stereotyping; Racism
PubMed: 38941299
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303653 -
PloS One 2024Personal care for body organs is a well-known practice of human beings, especially those organs that need regular care to improve function or hygiene. The ear is a...
BACKGROUND
Personal care for body organs is a well-known practice of human beings, especially those organs that need regular care to improve function or hygiene. The ear is a unique sense organ with a specific anatomical shape to perform the function of hearing and balance.
OBJECTIVES
To determine healthcare practitioners' current knowledge, behavior, and attitude regarding ear care.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare practitioners at different hospitals in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, from 25th June to 30th August 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among healthcare practitioners using an online survey. The questionnaire includes basic demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, speciality, and religion). It assesses the knowledge, behavior, and attitude toward ear care, and the use of mobile headphones and earrings that affect ear health. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.
RESULTS
Of the 209 healthcare practitioners involved, 60.8% were females, and 46.9% were physicians. The prevalence of self-ear cleaning was 97.6%. Of them, 33% were cleaning their ears every week. Cotton buds were the most preferred method for self-ear cleaning. The proportion of participants who injured their ears while cleaning was 8.6%. The most common treatment method to relieve ear pain was visiting a doctor (44.4%) and utilizing a painkiller (29.7%). Interestingly, respondents who injured their ears during cleaning and those who experienced wax accumulation were significantly more common among physicians.
CONCLUSION
Self-ear cleaning practices are widely prevalent in this study which could be related to the lack of knowledge about ear care among healthcare practitioners. Physicians who experienced wax accumulation tend to use other methods for self-ear cleaning rather than cotton buds. Further research is needed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the population who are working in healthcare institutions.
Topics: Humans; Saudi Arabia; Female; Male; Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Cross-Sectional Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Middle Aged; Health Personnel; Attitude of Health Personnel; Ear
PubMed: 38941273
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303761 -
JMIR Research Protocols Jun 2024Despite the potential to significantly reduce complications, many patients do not consistently receive diabetes preventive care. Our research team recently applied... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Despite the potential to significantly reduce complications, many patients do not consistently receive diabetes preventive care. Our research team recently applied user-centered design sprint methodology to develop a patient portal intervention empowering patients to address selected diabetes care gaps (eg, no diabetes eye examination in last 12 months).
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the effect of our novel diabetes care gap intervention on completion of selected evidence-based diabetes preventive care services and secondary outcomes.
METHODS
We are conducting a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the effect of the intervention on diabetes care gaps. Adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are recruited from primary care clinics affiliated with Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Participants are eligible if they have type 1 or 2 DM, can read in English, are aged 18-75 years, have a current patient portal account, and have reliable access to a mobile device with internet access. We exclude patients with medical conditions that prevent them from using a mobile device, severe difficulty seeing, pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant during the study period, and patients on dialysis. Participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention or usual care. The primary outcome measure will be the number of diabetes care gaps among 4 DM preventive care services (diabetes eye examination, pneumococcal vaccination, hemoglobin A, and urine microalbumin) at 12 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include diabetes self-efficacy, confidence managing diabetes in general, understanding of diabetes preventive care, diabetes distress, patient portal satisfaction, and patient-initiated orders at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization. An ordinal logistic regression model will be used to quantify the effect of the intervention on the number of diabetes care gaps at the 12-month follow-up. For dichotomous secondary outcomes, a logistic regression model will be used with random effects for the clinic and provider variables as needed. For continuous secondary outcomes, a regression model will be used.
RESULTS
This study is ongoing. Recruitment was closed in February 2022; a total of 433 patients were randomized. Of those randomized, most (n=288, 66.5%) were non-Hispanic White, 33.5% (n=145) were racial or ethnic minorities, 33.9% (n=147) were aged 65 years or older, and 30.7% (n=133) indicated limited health literacy.
CONCLUSIONS
The study directly tests the hypothesis that a patient portal intervention-alerting patients about selected diabetes care gaps, fostering understanding of their significance, and allowing patients to initiate care-will reduce diabetes care gaps compared with usual care. The insights gained from this study may have broad implications for developing future interventions to address various care gaps, such as gaps in cancer screening, and contribute to the development of effective, scalable, and sustainable approaches to engage patients in chronic disease management and prevention.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04894903; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04894903.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/56123.
Topics: Humans; Patient Portals; Adult; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Aged; Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus; Young Adult; Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38941148
DOI: 10.2196/56123 -
JAMA Network Open Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Primary Health Care; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38941101
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19094 -
Global Health Action Dec 2024Although there is increasing awareness of the health risks of air pollution as a global issue, few studies have focused on the methods for assessing individuals'... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although there is increasing awareness of the health risks of air pollution as a global issue, few studies have focused on the methods for assessing individuals' perceptions of these risks. This scoping review aimed to identify previous research evaluating individuals' perceptions of air pollution and its health effects, and to explore the measurement of perceptions, as a key resource for health behaviour.
METHODS
The review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed and Web of Science were searched. After initial and full-text screening, we further selected studies with standardised scales that had previously been tested for reliability and validity in assessing awareness and perceptions.
RESULTS
After full-text screening, 95 studies were identified. 'Perception/awareness of air quality' was often measured, as well as 'Perception of health risk.' Only nine studies (9.5%) used validated scaled questionnaires. There was considerable variation in the scales used to measure the multiple dimensions of risk perception for air pollution.
CONCLUSION
Few studies used structured scales to quantify individuals' perceptions, limiting comparisons among studies. Standardised methods for measuring health risk perception are needed.
Topics: Humans; Air Pollution; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Risk Assessment; Perception; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38940815
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2370100 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024To evaluate the effectiveness of Information, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (IKAP) nursing in the perioperative care of endometriosis patients treated with...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of Information, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (IKAP) nursing in the perioperative care of endometriosis patients treated with laparoscopic surgery.
METHODS
A total of 100 patients with endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from June 2020 to December 2021 were recruited and assigned to receive either routine care (control group) or IKAP care (observation group), with 50 cases in each group. Outcome measures included operative time, time-lapse before postoperative passing gas, length of hospital stay, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) scores, and nursing outcomes.
RESULTS
Before nursing, the SAS, SDS, and GQOLI-74 scores of the two groups were comparable (P > .05). IKAP care resulted in significantly lower SAS and SDS scores, and higher GQOLI-74 scores than routine care (P < .05). IKAP care was associated with significantly shorter operative time, time-lapse before postoperative passing gas, and length of hospital stay compared to routine care (P < .05). Patients receiving IKAP care showed higher compliance, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and higher nursing satisfaction than those with routine care (P > .05).
CONCLUSION
IKAP nursing shortens the length of hospital stay after laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis, mitigates patients' adverse emotions, reduces postoperative complications, and effectively improves patients' medication adherence and quality of life.
PubMed: 38940808
DOI: No ID Found -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in lifelong cognitive, emotional, and motor impairments. The emergency department is the first stop for diagnosing and treating...
CONTEXT
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in lifelong cognitive, emotional, and motor impairments. The emergency department is the first stop for diagnosing and treating patients with acute TBI, and the quality of nursing care can greatly influence the prognosis and progression of a patient's condition. Currently, standardized evaluation tools are lacking in the world for assessment of the quality of nursing care.
OBJECTIVE
The study intended to construct a nursing-sensitive indicator system for TBI patients, based on the scientific method of evidence-based nursing and the Delphi method, to provide a quantitative tool for emergency-nursing personnel to manage the quality of care for those patients.
DESIGN
Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's evidence-based healthcare model, the research team performed a literature search and consulted reference guidelines, conducted two rounds of consultations with experts. sensitive indicators for quality of care, and constructed the sensitive indicator system. The team then conducted a retrospective study.
SETTING
The study took place in the department of emergency surgery at Shanxi Norman Bethune Hospital in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
PARTICIPANTS
Participants were 56 patients with TBI who had been admitted to the emergency department between January 2022 and December 2022 and 44 patients with TBI who had been admitted to the emergency department between January 2023 and December 2023.
INTERVENTIONS
The research team assigned: (1) the 56 patients in the first group to the control group, who received routine nursing care and (2) the 44 patients in the second group to the intervention group, who received treatment using the sensitive indicator system for the quality of emergency care for TBI patients as well as routine care.
OUTCOME MEASURES
In the verification study, the research team compared the group's rescue effects and satisfaction with emergency care.
RESULTS
In the first and second rounds of inquiries to experts, the research team distributed 25 questionnaires each time, with 25 valid questionnaires collected both times. The response rate for both rounds of inquiries was 100%. The expert authority coefficients for the first and second rounds of inquiries are 0.844 and 0.878, respectively. The sensitive indicator system's final construction included three primary indicators, seven secondary indicators, and 17 tertiary indicators. The AUC for the sensitive indicators was 0.8355882. The indicator system's use found that the intervention group had a shorter time to diagnosis (P < .001), emergency-department stay (P < .001), and emergency-department-to-surgery time (P < .001) compared to the control group. The intervention group also has a higher success rate for the emergency treatment (P = .014) and a higher nursing satisfaction with nurse-patient communications (P = .003), first-aid operations (P < .001), nursing attitudes (P < .001), and emergency environment (P < .001) compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The process of constructing quality-sensitive indicators for the nursing care of TBI patients was scientific. The constructed quality-sensitive indicator system for the care of patients with TBI covers key factors that influence the quality of care. It's highly practical and has the ability to transform certain indicators, which can better guide the management of quality of care for TBI.
PubMed: 38940780
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024To evaluate the impact of training quitline staff in lung cancer screening (LCS) on knowledge and attitudes towards connecting quitline callers to LCS educational...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of training quitline staff in lung cancer screening (LCS) on knowledge and attitudes towards connecting quitline callers to LCS educational materials.
METHODS
We conducted a pre-post evaluation within a larger implementation project in the U.S. to support LCS among quitline callers. From July 2020 to June 2021, staff from four quitline service providers completed surveys before and after training on LCS knowledge. After training, staff completed the acceptability of intervention measure, intervention appropriateness measure, and feasibility of the intervention measure.
RESULTS
A total of 245 staff completed the initial demographic survey (analytic sample), 130 completed the pre-training survey, and 225 completed the post-training survey. Staff were on average 47.4 years old and 76.7% were female. LCS knowledge improved after the training (n = 120, mean difference = +26.5%, 95% CI 21.6, 31.4, p < 0.001). Overall, staff felt that connecting quitline callers to LCS education materials was acceptable (M = 4.0, SD = 0.8), appropriate (M = 4.1, SD = 0.7), and feasible (M = 4.0, SD = 0.7).
CONCLUSIONS
Receiving training about LCS eligibility and the benefits and harms of screening improved LCS knowledge among quitline staff. Quitline staff found that connecting callers with LCS educational materials is acceptable, appropriate, and feasible, and aligned with their primary mission.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Early Detection of Cancer; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Smoking Cessation; Adult; Hotlines; Surveys and Questionnaires; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 38940442
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7443