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Heliyon Jun 2023Natural weathering test at two different European climatic zones were conducted to investigate simultaneously both, the fungal colonisation and weathering process of...
Natural weathering test at two different European climatic zones were conducted to investigate simultaneously both, the fungal colonisation and weathering process of Scots pine wood ( L.). The hypothesis was that the wood performing differently in various climate conditions might affect fungal infestation. The colour changes, wettability, and glossiness were measured as indicators of weathering progress of wood together with an assessment of fungal diversity. Different intensities in weathering, occupancy, and colonisation of fungi on wooden surface were detected. A higher number of fungal species was found on wood exposed to the warm temperate climates compared to subarctic or boreal climates. The dominant fungal species in both locations were from the genera and
PubMed: 37441395
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17355 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Epiphytic microbial communities significantly impact the health and quality of grape berries. This study utilized high-performance liquid chromatography and...
Epiphytic microbial communities significantly impact the health and quality of grape berries. This study utilized high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing to explore the epiphytic microbial diversity and physicochemical indicators in nine different wine grape varieties. In total, 1,056,651 high-quality bacterial 16S rDNA sequences and 1,101,314 fungal ITS reads were used for taxonomic categorization. Among the bacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla, and , , , , , , and were the dominant genera. Among the fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, and , , , , and were the dominant genera. Notably, Matheran (MSL) and Riesling (RS) exhibited the highest microbial diversity among the nine grape varieties. Moreover, pronounced differences in epiphytic microorganisms in red and white grapes suggested that the grape variety significantly influences the structure of surface microbial communities. Understanding the composition of epiphytic microorganisms on the grape skin can provide a direct guide to winemaking.
PubMed: 37430923
DOI: 10.3390/foods11203174 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Although intestinal microbiota play crucial roles in fish digestion and health, little is known about intestinal fungi in fish. This study investigated the intestinal...
Although intestinal microbiota play crucial roles in fish digestion and health, little is known about intestinal fungi in fish. This study investigated the intestinal fungal diversity of three coral reef fish (, , and ) from the South China Sea using a culturable method. A total of 387 isolates were recovered and identified by sequencing their internal transcribed spacer sequences, belonging to 29 known fungal species. The similarity of fungal communities in the intestines of the three fish verified that the fungal colonization might be influenced by their surrounding environments. Furthermore, the fungal communities in different intestines of some fish were significantly different, and the number of yeasts in the hindgut was less than that in fore- and mid-intestines, suggesting that the distribution of fungi in fishes' intestines may be related to the physiological functions of various intestinal segments. In addition, 51.4% of tested fungal isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one marine pathogenic microorganism. Notably, isolate SCAU243 exhibited strong antifungal activity against , and isolate SCAU255 displayed extensive antimicrobial activity against four marine pathogenic microorganisms. This study contributed to our understanding of intestinal fungi in coral reef fish and further increased the library of fungi available for natural bioactive product screening.
PubMed: 37367549
DOI: 10.3390/jof9060613 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an essential player in alcoholic fermentation during winemaking, is rarely found in intact grapes. Although grape-skin environment is...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an essential player in alcoholic fermentation during winemaking, is rarely found in intact grapes. Although grape-skin environment is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae's stable residence, Saccharomycetaceae-family fermentative yeasts can increase population on grape berries after colonization during raisin production. Here, we addressed adaptation of S. cerevisiae to grape-skin ecosystem. The yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, a major grape-skin resident, exhibited broad spectrum assimilation of plant-derived carbon sources, including ω-hydroxy fatty acid, arising from degradation of plant cuticles. In fact, A. pullulans encoded and secreted possible cutinase-like esterase for cuticle degradation. When intact grape berries were used as a sole carbon source, such grape-skin associated fungi increased the accessibility to fermentable sugars by degrading and assimilating the plant cell wall and cuticle compounds. Their ability seems also helpful for S. cerevisiae to obtain energy through alcoholic fermentation. Thus, degradation and utilization of grape-skin materials by resident microbiota may account for their residence on grape-skin and S. cerevisiae's possible commensal behaviors. Conclusively, this study focused on the symbiosis between grape-skin microbiota and S. cerevisiae from the perspective of winemaking origin. Such plant-microbe symbiotic interaction may be a prerequisite for triggering spontaneous food fermentation.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; Ecosystem; Wine; Fungi
PubMed: 37340058
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35734-z -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023We have successfully identified the transcription factor from the fungus Hit-lcy3T, which regulates melanin biosynthesis genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that...
We have successfully identified the transcription factor from the fungus Hit-lcy3T, which regulates melanin biosynthesis genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Cmr1 gene encodes a protein of 945 amino acids, containing two CysHis zinc finger domains and a Zn(II)Cys binuclear cluster domain located at the N-terminus of . To investigate the function of the gene, we performed gene knockout and overexpression experiments. Our results showed that is a key regulator of melanin synthesis in Hit-lcy3, and its absence caused developmental defects. Conversely, overexpression of significantly increased the number of chlamydospores in Hit-lcy3 and improved melanin production. RT-qPCR analysis further revealed that overexpression of Cmr1 enhanced the expression of several genes involved in melanin biosynthesis, including , , , and . Melanin extracted from the Hit-lcy3 was characterized using UV and IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant properties of Hit-lcy3 melanin and found that it possesses strong scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and OH, but weaker activity against O. These findings suggest that Hit-lcy3 melanin holds promise for future development as a functional food additive.
PubMed: 37297380
DOI: 10.3390/foods12112135 -
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Jun 2023In this study, we used an obese and diabetic mouse model to compare two strains of (AFO-202 and N-163) produced beta-glucans (β-glucans), which alleviate lipotoxicity.
Beneficial effects of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans produced by Aureobasidium pullulans on non-esterified fatty acid levels in diabetic KKAy mice and their potential implications in metabolic dysregulation.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we used an obese and diabetic mouse model to compare two strains of (AFO-202 and N-163) produced beta-glucans (β-glucans), which alleviate lipotoxicity.
METHODS
Four groups of KK-Ay mice were used, with six subjects in each group. Group 1: sacrificed on day 0 for baseline values; Group 2: control (drinking water); Group 3: AFO-202 beta glucan-200 mg/kg/day; Group 4: N-163 beta glucan-300 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days.
RESULTS
Group 4 (N-163) had the lowest non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels and marginally decreased triglyceride levels compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences in blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. N-163 β-glucans decreased NEFA levels after 28 days.
CONCLUSION
These results, although modest, warrant further in-depth research into lipotoxicity and associated inflammatory cascades in both healthy and diseased subjects for the prevention and management of metabolic dysregulation and associated diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
PubMed: 37255831
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01170-5 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023One hundred twenty-five yeast strains isolated from table grapes and apples were evaluated for the control of in vitro and in vivo. Ten strains were selected for their...
One hundred twenty-five yeast strains isolated from table grapes and apples were evaluated for the control of in vitro and in vivo. Ten strains were selected for their ability to inhibit mycelial growth of in vitro. In the in vivo assays, these yeasts were tested at 20 °C on 'Thompson Seedless' berries for 7 days; only three were selected (m11, me99 and ca80) because they significantly reduced the incidence of gray mold. These three yeast strains were then evaluated at different concentrations (1 × 10, 1 × 10 and 1 × 10 cells mL) on 'Thompson Seedless' grape berries at 20 °C. The strains m11, me99 and ca80 reduced the incidence of to 11.9, 26.1 and 32.1%, respectively, when the berries were submerged in a yeast suspension at a concentration of 1 × 10 cells mL 24 h before inoculation with . The most favorable pH for antifungal activity was 4.6 in the three isolates. The three yeast strains secreted the hydrolytic enzymes chitinase and β-1-glucanase, and two strains (me99 and ca80) produced siderophores. The three yeast strains exhibited low oxidative stress tolerance and only strain m11 had the ability to produce biofilms. The strains were identified using 5.8S-ITS rDNA PCR-RFLP and correspond to the (m11) and (me99 and ca80) species.
PubMed: 37233268
DOI: 10.3390/jof9050557 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2023Little is known about the microbiomes of flower parts, and even less information is available regarding these microorganisms' colonization of specific niches in...
Interspecies and temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal microbiomes of pistil stigmas in flowers in holoparasitic plants of the Orobanche series Alsaticae (Orobanchaceae).
Little is known about the microbiomes of flower parts, and even less information is available regarding these microorganisms' colonization of specific niches in parasitic plants. We investigate the temporal interspecies dynamics of the parasitic plants microbiome of flower stigmas in two stages of development: immature stigmas in flower buds and mature stigmas in opened flowers. We compared two related holoparasitic Orobanche species from localities approximately 90 km apart and characterize their bacterial and fungal communities using 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequences, respectively. We identified from 127 to over 228 OTUs per sample for fungi, sequences belonging to genera: Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Malassezia, Mycosphaerella, and Pleosporales, constituting approximately 53% of the community in total. In the bacterial profile, we recorded 40 to over 68 OTUs per sample consisting of Enterobacteriaceae, and genera Cellulosimicrobium, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas spp., with an approximately 75% frequency. In microbial communities, higher numbers of OTUs colonizing mature stigmas were recorded than in immature. This implies that the dynamics and concurrence of microbial communities were different between O. alsatica and O. bartlingii and underwent significant changes during flower development. To the best of our knowledge, is the first study of the interspecies and temporal dynamics of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of pistil stigmas in flowers.
Topics: Orobanche; Orobanchaceae; Mycobiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Plants; Ascomycota; Flowers
PubMed: 37185962
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33676-0 -
Microorganisms Apr 2023(sunflower) is a globally important oilseed crop whose survival is threatened by various pathogenic diseases. Agrochemical products are used to eradicate these...
(sunflower) is a globally important oilseed crop whose survival is threatened by various pathogenic diseases. Agrochemical products are used to eradicate these diseases; however, due to their unfriendly environmental consequences, characterizing microorganisms for exploration as biocontrol agents are considered better alternatives against the use of synthetic chemicals. The study assessed the oil contents of 20 sunflower seed cultivars using FAMEs-chromatography and characterized the endophytic fungi and bacteria microbiome using Illumina sequencing of fungi ITS 1 and bacteria 16S (V3-V4) regions of the rRNA operon. The oil contents ranged between 41-52.8%, and 23 fatty acid components (in varied amounts) were found in all the cultivars, with linoleic (53%) and oleic (28%) acids as the most abundant. Ascomycota (fungi) and Proteobacteria (bacteria) dominated the cultivars at the phyla level, while and at the genus level in varying abundance. AGSUN 5102 and AGSUN 5101 (AGSUN 5270 for bacteria) had the highest fungi diversity structure, which may have been contributed by the high relative abundance of linoleic acid in the fatty acid components. Dominant fungi genera such as , , , , , , and bacteria including , and are established, providing insight into the fungi and bacteria community structures from the seeds of South Africa sunflower.
PubMed: 37110411
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040988 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023In this study, 99 strains of species were isolated from various samples collected from different locations in China, among which 14 isolates showed different...
In this study, 99 strains of species were isolated from various samples collected from different locations in China, among which 14 isolates showed different morphological characteristics to other strains identified as known species. Based on morphological characteristics, those 14 strains were classified into four groups, represented by stains of KCL139, MDSC-10, XZY411-4, and MQL9-100, respectively. Molecular analysis of the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) and part of the large ribosome subunit (D1/D2 domains) indicated that those four groups represent four new species in the . Therefore, the names sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov. are proposed for KCL139, MDSC-10, XZY411-4, and MQL9-100, respectively. We also found that there were differences in the yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) among and within species, indicating strain-related exopolysaccharide-producing diversity.
PubMed: 37108901
DOI: 10.3390/jof9040447