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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024To fully harness the potential of laccase in the efficient decolorization and detoxification of single and mixed dyes with diverse chemical structures, we carried out a...
To fully harness the potential of laccase in the efficient decolorization and detoxification of single and mixed dyes with diverse chemical structures, we carried out a systematic study on the decolorization and detoxification of single and mixed dyes using a crude laccase preparation obtained from a white-rot fungus strain, . The crude laccase preparation showed efficient decolorization of azo, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, and indigo dyes, and the reaction rate constants followed the order Remazol Brilliant Blue R > Bromophenol blue > Indigo carmine > New Coccine > Reactive Blue 4 > Reactive Black 5 > Acid Orange 7 > Methyl green. This laccase preparation exhibited notable tolerance to SO salts such as MnSO, MgSO, ZnSO, NaSO, KSO, and CdSO during the decolorization of various types of dyes, but was significantly inhibited by Cl salts. Additionally, this laccase preparation demonstrated strong tolerance to some organic solvents such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propanediol, and butanediol. The crude laccase preparation demonstrated the efficient decolorization of dye mixtures, including azo + azo, azo + anthraquinone, azo + triphenylmethane, anthraquinone + indigo, anthraquinone + triphenylmethane, and indigo + triphenylmethane dyes. The decolorization kinetics of mixed dyes provided preliminary insight into the interactions between dyes in the decolorization process of mixed dyes, and the underlying reasons and mechanisms were discussed. Importantly, the crude laccase from showed efficient repeated-batch decolorization of single-, two-, and four-dye mixtures. This crude laccase demonstrated high stability and reusability in repeated-batch decolorization. Furthermore, this crude laccase was efficient in the detoxification of different types of single dyes and mixed dyes containing different types of dyes, and the phytotoxicity of decolorized dyes (single and mixed dyes) was significantly reduced. The crude laccase efficiently eliminated phytotoxicity associated with single and mixed dyes. Consequently, the crude laccase from offers significant potential for practical applications in the efficient decolorization and management of single and mixed dye pollutants with different chemical structures.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Laccase; Indigo Carmine; Salts; Pleurotus; Anthraquinones; Biodegradation, Environmental; Azo Compounds; Trityl Compounds
PubMed: 38338413
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030669 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Feb 2024The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of three similar azo compounds are reported. Methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-phenyl-diazen-yl]ethen-yl}benzoate,...
Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-phenyl-diazen-yl]eth-enyl}benzoate, methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-(4-methyl-phen-yl)diazen-yl]ethen-yl}benzoate and methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-(3,4-di-methyl-phen-yl)diazen-yl]ethen-yl}benzoate.
The crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of three similar azo compounds are reported. Methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-phenyl-diazen-yl]ethen-yl}benzoate, CHClNO, (), and methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-(4-methyl-phen-yl)diazen-yl]ethen-yl}benzoate, CHClNO, (), crystallize in the space group 2/ with = 4, and methyl 4-{2,2-di-chloro-1-[()-(3,4-di-methyl-phen-yl)diazen-yl]ethen-yl}benzoate, CHClNO, (), in the space group with = 2. In the crystal of (), mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains with (6) motifs parallel to the axis. Short inter-molecular Cl⋯O contacts of 2.8421 (16) Å and weak van der Waals inter-actions between these chains stabilize the crystal structure. In (), mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-Cl⋯π inter-actions, forming layers parallel to (010). Weak van der Waals inter-actions between these layers consolidate the mol-ecular packing. In (), mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯π and C-Cl⋯π inter-actions forming chains parallel to [011]. Furthermore, these chains are connected by C-Cl⋯π inter-actions parallel to the axis, forming (01) layers. The stability of the mol-ecular packing is ensured by van der Waals forces between these layers.
PubMed: 38333135
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989024000732 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Feb 2024The title compound, CHNOF, is a member of the azo dye family. The dihedral angle subtended by the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system measures 18.75 (7)°,...
The title compound, CHNOF, is a member of the azo dye family. The dihedral angle subtended by the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system measures 18.75 (7)°, indicating that the compound is not perfectly planar. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs between the imino and carbonyl groups. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked into inversion dimers by C-H⋯O inter-actions. Aromatic π-π stacking between the naphthalene ring systems lead to the formation of chains along [001]. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was undertaken to investigate and qu-antify the inter-molecular inter-actions. In addition, energy frameworks were used to examine the cooperative effect of these inter-molecular inter-actions across the crystal, showing dispersion energy to be the most influential factor in the crystal organization of the compound.
PubMed: 38333122
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989024000227 -
ACS Chemical Biology Feb 2024Enabling control over the bioactivity of proteins with light, along with the principles of photopharmacology, has the potential to generate safe and targeted medical...
Enabling control over the bioactivity of proteins with light, along with the principles of photopharmacology, has the potential to generate safe and targeted medical treatments. Installing light sensitivity in a protein can be achieved through its covalent modification with a molecular photoswitch. The general challenge in this approach is the need for the use of low energy visible light for the regulation of bioactivity. In this study, we report visible light control over the cytolytic activity of a protein. A water-soluble visible-light-operated tetra--fluoro-azobenzene photoswitch was synthesized by utilizing the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction for installing a solubilizing sulfonate group onto the electron-poor photoswitch structure. The azobenzene was attached to two cysteine mutants of the pore-forming protein fragaceatoxin C (FraC), and their respective activities were evaluated on red blood cells. For both mutants, the green-light-irradiated sample, containing predominantly the -azobenzene isomer, was more active compared to the blue-light-irradiated sample. Ultimately, the same modulation of the cytolytic activity pattern was observed toward a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. These results constitute the first case of using low energy visible light to control the biological activity of a toxic protein.
Topics: Humans; Light; Azo Compounds; Proteins; Isomerism; Porins
PubMed: 38318850
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00640 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2024The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges for individuals who experienced stroke and their caregivers. It is essential to understand the factors affecting...
The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges for individuals who experienced stroke and their caregivers. It is essential to understand the factors affecting preventive behavior in these populations. Therefore, the present study examined the factors that influenced COVID-19 preventive behavior and motivation for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with stroke and their caregivers. A cross-sectional study comprising 191 participants (81 patients with stroke and 110 caregivers) was carried out. Participants completed a survey assessing fear of COVID-19, stress, perceived susceptibility, problematic social media use, preventive behaviors, and motivation for vaccine uptake. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Motivation for COVID-19 vaccine uptake was significantly positively correlated with problematic social media use (r = 0.225, = .002), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.197, = .008), and fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.179, = .015), but negatively correlated with stress (r = -0.189, = .010). Caregivers, compared to patients, showed a lower level of preventive behavior (standardized coefficient = -0.23, = .017). Furthermore, higher levels of fear were associated with increased preventive behavior (standardized coefficient = 0.22, = .006), while greater stress correlated with lower preventive behavior (standardized coefficient = -0.38, < .001). Among patients with stroke and their caregivers, motivation of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and preventive behaviors were influenced by factors such as fear, perceived susceptibility, social media use, and stress. By using strategies such as targeted education, support, and communication campaigns, healthcare providers and policymakers may be able to enhance the well-being of patients with stroke and their caregivers during future pandemics.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Social Media; Stroke; Fear; Azo Compounds
PubMed: 38314649
DOI: 10.1177/00469580231225030 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024The development of photocatalytic powders to remove contaminants from air solutions is an important field of research in the field of environmental conservation....
The development of photocatalytic powders to remove contaminants from air solutions is an important field of research in the field of environmental conservation. CD/ZnO-H400, a heterogeneous photocatalytic production, is utilized to degrade the reactive red dye and the antibiotic ofloxacin found in wastewater. This study explains the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) derived from coconut air and zinc oxide (ZnO) using a hydrothermal method at a temperature of 180 °C with a duration of 4 h and subsequently calcinated at a 400 °C temperature for 4 h. This shows a significant improvement in photocatalytic performance due to improved delivery efficiency at the interface. The cost-efficient use of solar energy allows the comprehensive elimination of harmful pollutants through detoxification. The removal of the contaminant takes place through the first-order reaction, with RR141 showing the highest constant rate at 0.03 min, while ofloxacin has a constant speed at 0.01 min. The photocatalytic stability is measured after five cycles. The study also tested the impact of sunlight on degradation, showing a degrading rate of 98% for RR141 and 96% for ofloxacin. This study displays a new catalyst powder synthesized from carbon dots derived from the air, coconut and ZnO, showing remarkable photoactivity to completely remove harmful dyes and antibiotics from the surrounding environment.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Azo Compounds; Ofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sunlight; Catalysis
PubMed: 38291079
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53083-3 -
Translational Vision Science &... Jan 2024To investigate fluorescence lifetime of mouse models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO).
PURPOSE
To investigate fluorescence lifetime of mouse models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO).
METHODS
Two AMD mouse models, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice and NF-E2-related factor-2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice, and their wild-type mice underwent monthly ophthalmic examinations including FLIO from 3 months of age. After euthanasia at the age of 6 or 11 months, blood plasma was collected to determine total antioxidant capacity and eyes were enucleated for Oil red O (ORO) lipid staining of chorioretinal tissue.
RESULTS
In FLIO, the mean fluorescence lifetime (τm) of wild type shortened with age in both spectral channels. In short spectral channel, τm shortening was observed in both AMD models as well, but its rate was more pronounced in ApoE-/- mice and significantly different from the other strains as months of age progressed. In contrast, in long spectral channel, both model strains showed completely opposite trends, with τm becoming shorter in ApoE-/- and longer in Nrf2-/- mice than the others. Oil red O staining at Bruch's membrane was significantly stronger in ApoE-/- mice at 11 months than the other strains. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was highest in ApoE-/- mice at both 6 and 11 months.
CONCLUSIONS
The two AMD mouse models exhibited largely different fundus fluorescence lifetime, which might be related to the different systemic metabolic state. FLIO might be able to indicate different metabolic states of eyes at risk for AMD.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
This animal study may provide new insights into the relationship between early AMD-associated metabolic changes and FLIO findings.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Antioxidants; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Mice, Knockout, ApoE; Ophthalmoscopy; Macular Degeneration; Disease Models, Animal; Fundus Oculi; Apolipoproteins E; Azo Compounds
PubMed: 38285461
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.1.24 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024The cytochrome P450 family consists of ubiquitous monooxygenases with the potential to perform a wide variety of catalytic applications. Among the members of this...
The cytochrome P450 family consists of ubiquitous monooxygenases with the potential to perform a wide variety of catalytic applications. Among the members of this family, CYP116B5hd shows a very prominent resistance to peracid damage, a property that makes it a promising tool for fine chemical synthesis using the peroxide shunt. In this meticulous study, we use hyperfine spectroscopy with a multifrequency approach (X- and Q-band) to characterize in detail the electronic structure of the heme iron of CYP116B5hd in the resting state, which provides structural details about its active site. The hyperfine dipole-dipole interaction between the electron and proton nuclear spins allows for the locating of two different protons from the coordinated water and a beta proton from the cysteine axial ligand of heme iron with respect to the magnetic axes centered on the iron. Additionally, since new anti-cancer therapies target the inhibition of P450s, here we use the CYP116B5hd system-imidazole as a model for studying cytochrome P450 inhibition by an azo compound. The effects of the inhibition of protein by imidazole in the active-site geometry and electron spin distribution are presented. The binding of imidazole to CYP116B5hd results in an imidazole-nitrogen axial coordination and a low-spin heme Fe. HYSCORE experiments were used to detect the hyperfine interactions. The combined interpretation of the gyromagnetic tensor and the hyperfine and quadrupole tensors of magnetic nuclei coupled to the iron electron spin allowed us to obtain a precise picture of the active-site geometry, including the orientation of the semi-occupied orbitals and magnetic axes, which coincide with the porphyrin N-Fe-N axes. The electronic structure of the iron does not seem to be affected by imidazole binding. Two different possible coordination geometries of the axial imidazole were observed. The angles between (coinciding with one of the N-Fe-N axes) and the projection of the imidazole plane on the heme were determined to be -60° and -25° for each of the two possibilities via measurement of the hyperfine structure of the axially coordinated N.
Topics: Heme; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ferric Compounds; Protons; Iron; Imidazoles; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
PubMed: 38276601
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020518 -
BMJ Open Ophthalmology Jan 2024To evaluate the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) preparation performance of trainee surgeons in an ex vivo human donor cornea DMEK wet lab simulation...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) preparation performance of trainee surgeons in an ex vivo human donor cornea DMEK wet lab simulation setting.
METHODS
Human donor corneoscleral rims unsuitable for transplantation were obtained from Moorfields Lions Eye Bank. At the wet lab, graft stripping was performed by scoring the peripheral endothelium. The trypan blue positive cells (TBPC) and cell density (cells/mm-reticule count) were counted manually before and after stripping. The procedural time, peripheral and central tears and complete peel-off were also recorded and analysed.
RESULTS
Eight trainee surgeons attended the wet lab each attempting three DMEKs. Between the first and last attempts a significant decrease was seen in the procedural time (17.6 min vs 10.6 min (p<0.05)) and the TBPC % (12.9% vs 3.8% (p<0.05)). The percentage of tears peripherally and centrally also reduced between the first and the last trials (50% vs 13% (p=0.2226) and 38% vs 0% (p=0.1327)). A significant correlation was found between longer peeling times and higher TBPC % (p<0.001) with a 0.7% endothelial mortality increase for each additional minute required to complete the peel.
CONCLUSIONS
DMEK wet labs provide a controlled risk-free learning opportunity for trainee surgeons to improve confidence and competence. Wet labs improve the success rate of DMEK graft preparation as well as flatten the learning curve. This emphasises the importance of continued support for the expansion of this valuable learning resource, promoting wider uptake of DMEK surgery.
Topics: Humans; Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty; Cornea; Eye Banks; Tissue Donors; Learning Curve; Trypan Blue
PubMed: 38272533
DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001540 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jan 2024In 2017, a new treatment by nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide delivered by repeated intrathecal injections, became available for patients with spinal muscular...
BACKGROUND
In 2017, a new treatment by nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide delivered by repeated intrathecal injections, became available for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), whereas clinical trials had mainly involved children. Since 2020, the oral, selective SMN2-splicing modifier risdiplam has been available with restrictions evolving with time. In this peculiar context of lack of data regarding adult patients, many questions were raised to define the indications of treatment and the appropriate follow-up in this population. To homogenize access to treatment in France, a national multidisciplinary team meeting dedicated to adult SMA patients, named SMA multidisciplinary team meeting, (SMDTs) was created in 2018. Our objective was to analyze the value of SMDTs in the decision-making process in SMA adult patients and to provide guidelines about treatment.
METHODS
From October 2020 to September 2021, data extracted from the SMDT reports were collected. The primary outcome was the percentage of cases in which recommendations on validating treatment plans were given. The secondary outcomes were type of treatment requested, description of expectations regarding treatment and description of recommendations or follow-up and discontinuation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparisons between the type of treatment requested were performed using Mann-Whitney test or the Student t test for quantitative data and the Fisher's exact test or the χ test for qualitative data.
RESULTS
Cases of 107 patients were discussed at the SMDTs with a mean age of 35.3 (16-62). Forty-seven were SMA type 2, and 57 SMA type 3. Twelve cases were presented twice. Out of 122 presentations to the SMDTs, most of requests related to the initiation of a treatment (nusinersen (n = 46), risdiplam (n = 54), treatment without mentioning preferred choice (n = 5)) or a switch of treatment (n = 12). Risdiplam requests concerned significantly older patients (p = 0.002), mostly SMA type 2 (p < 0.0001), with greater disease severity in terms of motor and respiratory function compared to requests for nusinersen. In the year prior to presentation to the SMDTs, most of the patients experienced worsening of motor weakness assessed by functional tests as MFM32 or other meaningful scales for the most severe patients. Only 12% of the patients discussed had a stable condition. Only 49/122 patients (40.1%) expressed clear expectations regarding treatment. The treatment requested was approved by the SMDTs in 72 patients (67.2%). The most common reasons to decline treatment were lack of objective data on the disease course prior discussion to the SMDTs or inappropriate patient's expectations. Treatment requests were more likely to be validated by the SMDTs if sufficient pre-therapeutic functional assessment had been performed to assess the natural history (55% vs. 32%) and if the patient had worsening rather than stable motor function (p = 0.029). In patients with approved treatment, a-priori criteria to define a further ineffectiveness of treatment (usually after 14 months of treatment) were proposed for 67/72 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In the context of costly treatments with few controlled studies in adults with SMA, in whom assessment of efficacy can be complex, SMDTs are 'real-world observatories' of great interest to establish national recommendations about indications of treatment and follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal; Azo Compounds; Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood; Patient Care Team; Pyrimidines
PubMed: 38268028
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-03008-6