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Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas 2017
Topics: Blister; Central Nervous System Depressants; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Coma; Drug Overdose; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Female; Fructose; Humans; Ischemia; Personality Disorders; Pressure; Quetiapine Fumarate; Skin; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide, Attempted; Topiramate; Young Adult
PubMed: 27737761
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.08.004 -
Behavioural Pharmacology Sep 2016Planarians spend less time in light versus dark environments. We hypothesized that planarians withdrawn from cocaine or ethanol would spend even less time in the light...
Planarians spend less time in light versus dark environments. We hypothesized that planarians withdrawn from cocaine or ethanol would spend even less time in the light than drug-naive planarians and that a benzodiazepine would inhibit this response. Planarians pretreated in cocaine or ethanol were placed at the midline of a Petri dish containing spring water that was split evenly into dark and light compartments. Planarians withdrawn from cocaine (1, 10, 100 μmol/l) or ethanol (0.01%) spent less time in the light compartment than water controls; however, this withdrawal response to cocaine (100 μmol/l) or ethanol (0.01%) was abolished by clorazepate (0-100 μmol/l). These data suggest that planarians, similar to rodents, show benzodiazepine-sensitive, anxiogenic-like responses during cocaine or alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Cocaine; Darkness; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Light; Planarians; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors
PubMed: 27028903
DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000236 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jan 2015
Topics: Animals; Anxiety, Separation; Behavior, Animal; Clomipramine; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Dogs; Male
PubMed: 25517322
DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.1.49 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 2014
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety, Separation; Behavior, Animal; Clomipramine; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Dogs; Male; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 25313810
DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.9.1007 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2014
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Fluoxetine; Noise; Phobic Disorders; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 24548227
DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.5.538 -
Pharmacological Reports : PR 2013The effect of the agonism on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors was studied within medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala (AMY) and ventral hipocampus (VH) in the...
BACKGROUND
The effect of the agonism on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors was studied within medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala (AMY) and ventral hipocampus (VH) in the plus-maze test in male rats bilaterally cannulated. These structures send glutamatergic projections to the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS), in which interaction and integration between these afferent pathways has been described. In a previous study of our group, blockade of glutamatergic transmission within NAS induced an anxiolytic like effect.
METHODS
Three rat groups received either saline or dipotassium chlorazepate (1 or 2 μg/1 μl solution) 15 min before testing. Time spent in the open arms (TSOA), time per entry (TPE), extreme arrivals (EA), open and closed arms entries (OAE, CAE) and relationship between open- and closed-arms quotient (OCAQ) were recorded.
RESULTS
In the AMY injected group TSOA, OAE and EA were increased by the higher doses of dipotassium chlorazepate (p < 0.01). In the mPFC, TPE was decreased by both doses (p < 0.05). Injection within ventral hippocampus (VH) decreased TSOA, OAE and OCAQ with lower doses (p < 0.05). When the three studied saline groups were compared, TSOA, OAE, EA and OCAQ were enhanced in the VH group when compared to mPFC and AMY (p < 0.001). Insertion of inner canula (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01) and saline injection showed an increasing significant difference (p < 0.001 in all cases) with the action of guide cannula alone within VH in TSOA, OAE and EA.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that the injection of dipotassium chlorazepate has a differential effect depending of the brain area, leading to facilitatory and inhibitory effects on anxiety processing.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; GABA Agonists; Hippocampus; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats
PubMed: 23950579
DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71034-x -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal Jul 2011We report a case of a 34-year-old woman presenting with an erythema multiforme (EM)-like eruption. Lesions developed after a 12-day treatment with a slimming drug...
We report a case of a 34-year-old woman presenting with an erythema multiforme (EM)-like eruption. Lesions developed after a 12-day treatment with a slimming drug preparation (food integrator with thermogenic activity) and a herbal remedy (pilosella tincture). Serological investigations excluded viral or bacterial infections. Patch testing with galenic preparations of both drugs demonstrated sensitization to the slimming drug preparation. According to literature reports and immune-chemical properties, those components that are likely to have triggered the skin eruption are clorazepate dipotassium and theobromine. Their interaction with other two constituents such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and dehydrocholic acid may have caused the adverse reaction by means of a summation effect. There are no reports specifically about EM caused by a slimming drug preparation and no studies have identified thermogenic pills as cause of EM/EM-like eruption. Weight-loss compounds in slimming preparations should be kept in mind as a possible cause of drug-induced EM-like eruption.
PubMed: 23130230
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.85996 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... Jan 2011Drugs are sometimes covered with oblate or agar jelly. It is said that the medicinal effect of drugs covered with oblate is slow, but no studies have reported results...
Drugs are sometimes covered with oblate or agar jelly. It is said that the medicinal effect of drugs covered with oblate is slow, but no studies have reported results confirming this. Therefore, we examined the dissolution behavior when the drug was covered with oblate or agar jelly. Three types of commercially available formulations of benzodiazepine were used: medazepam sugarcoated tablets, prazepam uncoated tablets, and clorazepate dipotassium capsules. Dissolution tests were performed using solutions of pH 1.2 and 5.6 to simulate normal gastric juice and gastric anacidity, respectively. Drugs covered with oblate were tested by the paddle method, and those covered with agar jelly were tested using the rotating basket method. Dissolution of clorazepate capsules not covered with oblate increased by approximately 10% when the pH was adjusted from 1.2 to 5.6, while those of medazepam and prazepam tablets decreased by approximately 40-60%. In contrast, the dissolution decreased significantly at both pH values for each drug covered with oblate. Dissolution further decreased when the amount of oblate was doubled. No detectable dissolution of medazepam tablets or of clorazepate capsules occurred when the drug was covered with agar jelly. Dissolution of prazepam tablets covered with agar jelly was only about 10% at the end of the test. These results indicate that dissolution is slowed and prolonged when a drug is covered with oblate or agar jelly, permitting sustained release of the drug. But, it is necessary to improve a suitable method for the dissolution.
Topics: Agar; Benzodiazepines; Capsules; Gels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Patient Compliance; Pharmaceutic Aids; Quality of Life; Solubility; Tablets
PubMed: 21212625
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.161 -
Dermatology Online Journal Jun 2010We report a generalized skin eruption in a young man being treated with natalizumab, a new drug used in patients with multiple sclerosis.
We report a generalized skin eruption in a young man being treated with natalizumab, a new drug used in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Drug Eruptions; Eosinophilia; Glatiramer Acetate; Humans; Interferon beta-1a; Interferon-beta; Liver; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Natalizumab; Peptides; Quinazolines; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 20579469
DOI: No ID Found