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BMC Oral Health Apr 2024Due to the increasing proportion of older adults in Korea and growing interest in aging, the concepts of oral aging and oral hypofunction have recently been introduced....
BACKGROUND
Due to the increasing proportion of older adults in Korea and growing interest in aging, the concepts of oral aging and oral hypofunction have recently been introduced. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the age-specific oral function levels of Korean older adults and develop expert intervention methods for healthy aging.
METHODS
Dysphagia, independence of daily living, and oral hypofunction were assessed in 206 older adults living in Wonju, Gangwon State, South Korea. Subjective dysphagia was assessed through self-report questionnaires using the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), the Korean version of Eating Assessment Tool-10, and the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index. In addition, the oral hypofunction assessment items included decreased chewing ability, occlusal pressure, tongue pressure, oral dryness, and oral cleanliness.
RESULTS
DHI increased significantly with age, with those in their 80 s reporting the most difficulty swallowing. Oral function in terms of chewing ability (maximum occlusal pressure and number of remaining teeth), maximum occlusal pressure, and maximum tongue pressure also declined with increasing age. While there was no significant difference in oral dryness by age, those in their 80 s had dry mouth according to the criteria of the oral moisture checking device.
CONCLUSIONS
In an assessment of oral function in community-dwelling, independent Korean older adults, the number of items that were assessed as oral hypofunction increased with age. The findings can be used to standardize the oral hypofunction assessment item and develop age-based individualized intervention plans for the early management of oral health and individual oral myofunctional rehabilitation in Korean community-dwelling older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Independent Living; Deglutition Disorders; Pressure; Tongue; Oral Health; Xerostomia; Geriatric Assessment
PubMed: 38600517
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04180-2 -
Bioscience Trends Jun 2024Dysphagia is a common complication of various clinical conditions, with an increased incidence as age advances. Complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a common complication of various clinical conditions, with an increased incidence as age advances. Complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia caused by dysphagia significantly affect the overall treatment outcomes of patients. Scholars both domestically and internationally are increasingly focusing on early rehabilitation for dysphagia. This article summarizes common conditions causing dysphagia, clinical manifestations, complications, screening assessment, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and nutritional support related to dysphagia. It emphasizes the arrival at a multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and formulation of a rehabilitation management plan for dysphagia in general hospitals in order to provide strategic suggestions for establishing a multidisciplinary collaborative model for swallowing disorder management in general hospitals.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Hospitals, General; Patient Care Team
PubMed: 38599879
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01076 -
Clinical and Translational... May 2024Empiric esophageal dilation (EED) remains a controversial practice for managing nonobstructive dysphagia (NOD) secondary to concerns about safety and efficacy. We...
INTRODUCTION
Empiric esophageal dilation (EED) remains a controversial practice for managing nonobstructive dysphagia (NOD) secondary to concerns about safety and efficacy. We examine symptom response, presence of tissue disruption, and adverse events (AEs) after EED.
METHODS
We examined large-caliber bougie EED for NOD at 2 tertiary referral centers: retrospectively evaluating for AEs. Esophageal manometry diagnoses were also reviewed. We then prospectively assessed EED's efficacy using the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System disrupted swallowing questionnaire to assess dysphagia at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after EED. Treatment success was defined by improvement in patient-reported outcome scores.
RESULTS
AE rate for large-caliber dilation in the retrospective cohort of 180 patients undergoing EED for NOD was low (0.5% perforations, managed conservatively). Visible tissue disruption occurred in 18% of patients, with 47% occurring in the proximal esophagus. Obstructive motility disorders were found more frequently in patients with tissue disruption compared with those without (44% vs 14%, P = 0.05). The primary outcome, the mean disrupted swallowing T -score was 60.1 ± 9.1 at baseline, 56.1 ± 9.5 at 1 month ( P = 0.03), 57 ± 9.6 at 3 months ( P = 0.10), and 56 ± 10 at 6 months ( P = 0.02) (higher scores note more symptoms). EED resulted in a significant and durable improvement in dysphagia and specifically solid food dysphagia among patients with tissue disruption.
DISCUSSION
EED is safe in solid food NOD and particularly effective when tissue disruption occurs. EED tissue disruption in NOD does not preclude esophageal dysmotility.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Manometry; Dilatation; Aged; Treatment Outcome; Esophagus; Prospective Studies; Adult; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Deglutition
PubMed: 38597402
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000702 -
Journal of Child Health Care : For... Apr 2024Increasing use of paediatric long-term ventilation (LTV) has been reported around the world over the last two decades and it is anticipated that use of this medical...
Increasing use of paediatric long-term ventilation (LTV) has been reported around the world over the last two decades and it is anticipated that use of this medical intervention will continue to grow. Research has shown that children who use LTV have risk factors for feeding and swallowing difficulties which result in long-term reliance on non-oral feeding methods. This Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) activity explored experiences of parents of children with LTV on their children's feeding and swallowing journeys. Individual and group interviews with seven parents were conducted. Interview data was then analysed using content analysis. Families discussed a range of themes including impacts on their family, facilitators and barriers to feeding and swallowing journeys, speech and language therapy (SLT) support, their family's healthcare journey in relation to quality of life and future directions for research. This study highlighted potential key areas to explore when identifying ways to improve SLT care and research in feeding and swallowing for children who use LTV.
PubMed: 38590229
DOI: 10.1177/13674935241242824 -
BMJ Open Apr 2024Up to 78% of patients who had a stroke develop post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a significant consequence. Life-threatening aspiration pneumonia, starvation, and water and...
Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modalities for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol.
INTRODUCTION
Up to 78% of patients who had a stroke develop post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a significant consequence. Life-threatening aspiration pneumonia, starvation, and water and electrolyte abnormalities can result. Several meta-analyses have shown that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves swallowing in patients who had a stroke; however, the optimum model is unknown. This study will be the first Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the best rTMS modalities for swallowing of patients who had a stroke.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Database and WanFang Data will be searched from their creation to 2 September 2023. All randomised controlled trials associated with rTMS for PSD will be included. Only Chinese or English results will be studied. Two researchers will independently review the literature and extract data, then use the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2.0 tool to assess the included studies' methodological quality. The primary outcome is swallowing function improvement, whereas secondary outcomes include side effects (eg, paraesthesia, vertigo, seizures) and quality of life. A pairwise meta-analysis and NMA based on a Bayesian framework will be conducted using Stata and R statistical software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system will assess outcome indicator evidence quality.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
As all data in this study will be taken from the literature, ethical approval is not needed. We will publish our work in peer-reviewed publications and present it at academic conferences.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023456386.
Topics: Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Deglutition Disorders; Network Meta-Analysis; Bayes Theorem; Quality of Life; Stroke; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 38589257
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080289 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2024Gastrointestinal symptoms and problems (GI- SP) frequently cause discomfort and suffering in pediatric patients with life-threatening and/or life-limiting illnesses... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
UNLABELLED
Gastrointestinal symptoms and problems (GI- SP) frequently cause discomfort and suffering in pediatric patients with life-threatening and/or life-limiting illnesses (LTI/LLI). Pediatric palliative care (PPC) professionals should be aware of them and perform a comprehensive approach.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of GI- SP in patients treated in PPC units and to describe the pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures prescribed.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
Observational, prospective, multicenter, prospective study in patients with LTI/LLI, seen by PPC teams in Uruguay. The variables analyzed included age, sex, origin, type of LTI/LLI, presence of mucositis, vomiting, swallowing disorders, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, digestive bleeding, problems with digestive prosthesis, and prescribed pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.
RESULTS
10 out of 16 PPC teams participated. 96 out of 436 patients seen presented GI- SP (22%). Median age was 4.2 years (1 month-18 years).
LTI/LLI
65% neurological and 7% oncological. The 96 patients had 114 consultations; 50% had 2 or more GI- SP per consultation. GI- SP observed: swallowing disorders (57%), constipation (53%), nausea and/or vomiting (24%), gastrostomy problems (17%), abdominal pain (10%), digestive bleeding (3%), and diarrhea (2%). There were variable prescriptions of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures; only 50% of those with swallowing disorder received speech and hearing therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
GI- SP motivated consultations in all PPC settings, frequently due to 2 or more GI- SP. Swallowing disorders and gastrostomy complications are frequent but not very visible problems in PPC. According to the comprehensive approach, pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures were implemented.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Abdominal Pain; Constipation; Deglutition Disorders; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Palliative Care; Prospective Studies; Vomiting; Male; Female; Infant; Adolescent
PubMed: 38587341
DOI: 10.32641/aodespediatr.v95i1.4813 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Deglutition
PubMed: 38585519
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-1032 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disability associated with difficulties in deglutition. The adult Ts65Dn mouse model of DS has been previously shown to have...
PURPOSE
Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disability associated with difficulties in deglutition. The adult Ts65Dn mouse model of DS has been previously shown to have differences in measures of swallowing compared with euploid controls. However, the putative mechanisms of these differences in swallowing function are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the Ts65Dn genotype is associated with atypical measures of tongue muscle contractile properties, coinciding with atypical swallow function.
METHODS
Adult (5-month-old) Ts65Dn ( = 15 female, 14 male) and euploid sibling controls ( = 16 female, 14 male) were evaluated through videofluoroscopy swallow studies (VFSS) to quantify measures of swallowing performance including swallow rate and inter-swallow interval (ISI). After VFSS, retrusive tongue muscle contractile properties, including measures of muscle fatigue, were determined using bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation.
RESULTS
The Ts65Dn group had significantly slower swallow rates, significantly greater ISI times, significantly slower rates of tongue force development, and significantly greater levels of tongue muscle fatigue, with lower retrusive tongue forces than controls in fatigue conditions.
CONCLUSION
Tongue muscle contractile properties are altered in adult Ts65Dn and coincide with altered swallow function.
PubMed: 38585362
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1384572 -
The Journal of Experimental Biology Apr 2024The mechanical forces experienced during movement and the time constants of muscle activation are important determinants of the durations of behaviours, which may both...
The mechanical forces experienced during movement and the time constants of muscle activation are important determinants of the durations of behaviours, which may both be affected by size-dependent scaling. The mechanics of slow movements in small animals are dominated by elastic forces and are thus quasistatic (i.e. always near mechanical equilibrium). Muscular forces producing movement and elastic forces resisting movement should scale identically (proportional to mass2/3), leaving the scaling of the time constant of muscle activation to play a critical role in determining behavioural duration. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the duration of feeding behaviours in the marine mollusc Aplysia californica whose body sizes spanned three orders of magnitude. The duration of muscle activation was determined by measuring the time it took for muscles to produce maximum force as A. californica attempted to feed on tethered inedible seaweed, which provided an in vivo approximation of an isometric contraction. The timing of muscle activation scaled with mass0.3. The total duration of biting behaviours scaled identically, with mass0.3, indicating a lack of additional mechanical effects. The duration of swallowing behaviour, however, exhibited a shallower scaling of mass0.17. We suggest that this was due to the allometric growth of the anterior retractor muscle during development, as measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans of buccal masses. Consequently, larger A. californica did not need to activate their muscles as fully to produce equivalent forces. These results indicate that muscle activation may be an important determinant of the scaling of behavioural durations in quasistatic systems.
Topics: Animals; Aplysia; X-Ray Microtomography; Muscles; Feeding Behavior; Deglutition
PubMed: 38584490
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246551 -
Journal of Critical Care Aug 2024The aim of our study was to assess if PES before extubation can minimize the extubation failure risk in orally intubated, mechanically ventilated stroke patients at high...
PURPOSE
The aim of our study was to assess if PES before extubation can minimize the extubation failure risk in orally intubated, mechanically ventilated stroke patients at high risk of severe dysphagia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-two ICU patients were prospectively enrolled in this study presenting with a high risk for dysphagia as defined by a DEFISS (Determine Extubation Failure In Severe Stroke) risk score and compared 1:1 to a retrospective matched patient control group. The prospective patient group received PES prior to extubation. Endpoints were need for reintubation, swallowing function as assessed with FEES, pneumonia incidence and length of stay after extubation.
RESULTS
Post-extubation, the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Score (FEDSS, 4.31 ± 1.53vs.5.03 ± 1.28;p = 0.047) and reintubation rate within 72 h (9.4vs.34.4%;p = 0.032) were significantly lower in the PES group than in the historical control group. Pulmonary infections after extubation were less common in PES-treated patients although this difference was not significant (37.5vs.59.4%;p = 0.133). Time from extubation to discharge was significantly shorter after PES compared with the control group (14.09 ± 11.58vs.26.59 ± 20.49 days;p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
In orally intubated and mechanically ventilated stroke patients at high risk of severe dysphagia, PES may improve swallowing function, reduce extubation failure risk and decrease time from extubation to discharge. Further research is required.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Airway Extubation; Deglutition Disorders; Aged; Stroke; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial; Middle Aged; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Length of Stay; Intensive Care Units; Pharynx; Intubation, Intratracheal; Retrospective Studies; Ventilator Weaning
PubMed: 38581884
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154808