-
Brain and Behavior Jul 2018Morphological correlates of nonpathological déjà vu (DV) have been identified recently within the human brain. Significantly reduced gray matter volume (GMV) within a...
INTRODUCTION
Morphological correlates of nonpathological déjà vu (DV) have been identified recently within the human brain. Significantly reduced gray matter volume (GMV) within a set of cortical and subcortical regions reported in subjects experiencing DV seems to mirror the distribution of GMV reduction in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients but vary in terms of the hippocampus. Another condition associated with hippocampal GMV reduction and DV alike disturbance in memory processing is schizophrenia (SCH). Here, we tested the hypothesis that hippocampal involvement in nonpathological DV resembles more closely the pattern of GMV decrease observed in MTLE compared with that occurring in SCH.
METHODS
Using automated segmentation of the MRI data we compared the medians of GMV within 12 specific hippocampal subfields in healthy individuals that do (DV+; N = 87) and do not report déjà vu experience (DV-; N = 26), and patients with MTLE (N = 47) and SCH (N = 29). By Pearson correlation, we then evaluated the similarity of MTLE and SCH groups to DV+ group with respect to spatial distribution of GMV deviation from DV- group.
RESULTS
Significant GMV decrease was found in MTLE group in most of the subfields. There were just trends in the hippocampal GMV decrease found in DV+ or SCH groups. Concerning the spatial distribution of GMV decrease, we revealed statistically significant correlation for the left hippocampus for SCH vs DV+. Otherwise there was no statistically significant correlation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings reveal structural features of hippocampal involvement in nonpathological DV, MTLE, and SCH. Despite our expectations, the pattern of GMV reduction in the DV+ relative to the DV- group does not resemble the pattern observed in MTLE any more than that observed in SCH. The highly similar patterns of the three clinical groups rather suggest an increased vulnerability of certain hippocampal subfields; namely, Cornu Ammonis (CA)4, CA3, dentate gyrus granular cell layer (GC-DG), hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (HATA) and subiculum.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Mapping; Deja Vu; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Young Adult
PubMed: 29873197
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.996 -
Foundations of Science 2018This commentary on Edwin Carels' essay "Revisiting : Performative anamnesis and autonomous vision in Ken Jacobs' appropriations of " broadens up the media-archaeological...
The Unseen Déjà-Vu: From Erkki Huhtamo's to Ken Jacobs' Remakes: Commentary to Edwin Carels "Revisiting : Performative anamnesis and autonomous vision in Ken Jacobs' appropriations of ".
This commentary on Edwin Carels' essay "Revisiting : Performative anamnesis and autonomous vision in Ken Jacobs' appropriations of " broadens up the media-archaeological framework in which Carels places his text. Notions such as Huhtamo's and Zielinski's "deep time" are brought into the discussion in order to point out the difficulty to see what there is to see and to question the position of the viewer in front of experimental films like and its remakes.
PubMed: 29805290
DOI: 10.1007/s10699-016-9516-5 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Apr 2018
Topics: Deja Vu; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Germany; Smoking; Nicotiana
PubMed: 29716686
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0233 -
Epilepsy Currents 2018
PubMed: 29643754
DOI: 10.5698/1535-7597.18.2.131 -
Psychiatria Danubina Mar 2018French expression standing for the phrase "already seen" is a déjà vu. It is thought that as much as 97% of the population have experienced déjà vu at least once in... (Review)
Review
French expression standing for the phrase "already seen" is a déjà vu. It is thought that as much as 97% of the population have experienced déjà vu at least once in their lifetime and 67% experience it regularly. The explanations of this phenomenon in novels and poems include reincarnation, dreams, organic factors, and unconscious memories. In this narrative review connection between déjà vu and various other conditions has been mentioned: false memories, temporal lobe epilepsy and other neurological conditions. In psychiatric patients déjà vu phenomenon is more often seen in patients with anxiety and people with derealisation/ depersonalization. It seems that temporal region is the origin of déjà vu phenomena in both healthy individuals and in individuals with neurological and psychiatric conditions, but the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is however still unknown. More attention should also be given to déjà vu from philosophical and religious perspectives as well. Déjà vu is still an enigma which could only be revealed with multidisciplinary approach through cooperation between neurologists, brain scientists, psychiatrists and experimental psychologists.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Deja Vu; Depersonalization; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Intersectoral Collaboration; Male; Neurocognitive Disorders; Repression, Psychology
PubMed: 29546854
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2018.21 -
Brain Stimulation 2018Epileptic patients sometimes report experiential phenomena related to a previous dream they had during seizures or electrical brain stimulation (EBS). This has been...
BACKGROUND
Epileptic patients sometimes report experiential phenomena related to a previous dream they had during seizures or electrical brain stimulation (EBS). This has been alluded to in the literature as "déjà-rêvé" ("already dreamed"). However, there is no neuroscientific evidence to support its existence and this concept is commonly mixed up with déjà-vu. We hypothesized that déjà-rêvé would be a specific entity, i.e., different from other experiential phenomena reported in epileptic patients, induced by EBS of specific brain areas.
METHODS
We collected all experiential phenomena related to dreams induced by electrical brain stimulations (EBS) in our epileptic patients (2003-2015) and in a review of the literature. The content of these déjà-rêvé and the location of EBS were analyzed.
RESULTS
We collected 7 déjà-rêvé in our database and 35 from the literature, which corresponds to an estimated prevalence of 0.3‰ of all EBS-inducing déjà-rêvé. Déjà-rêvé is a generic term for three distinct entities: it can be the recollection of a specific dream ("episodic-like"), reminiscence of a vague dream ("familiarity-like") or experiences in which the subject feels like they are dreaming (literally "a dreamy state"). EBS-inducing "episodic-like" and "familiarity-like" déjà-rêvé were mostly located in the medial temporal lobes. "Dreamy states" were induced by less specific EBS areas although still related to the temporal lobes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that déjà-rêvé is a heterogeneous entity that is different from déjà-vu, the historical "dreamy state" definition and other experiential phenomena. This may be relevant for clinical practice as it points to temporal lobe dysfunction and could be valuable for studying the neural substrates of dreams.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Deep Brain Stimulation; Dreams; Emotions; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology; Temporal Lobe; Young Adult
PubMed: 29530448
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.02.016 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Mar 2018Nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous free radical is one of the ten smallest molecules found in nature, while hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gas that bears the pungent smell of... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous free radical is one of the ten smallest molecules found in nature, while hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gas that bears the pungent smell of rotten eggs. Both are toxic yet they are gasotransmitters of physiological relevance. There appears to be an uncanny resemblance between the general actions of these two gasotransmitters in health and disease. The role of NO and HS in cancer has been quite perplexing, as both tumor promotion and inflammatory activities as well as anti-tumor and antiinflammatory properties have been described. These paradoxes have been explained for both gasotransmitters in terms of each having a dual or biphasic effect that is dependent on the local flux of each gas. In this review/commentary, I have discussed the major roles of NO and HS in carcinogenesis, evaluating their dual nature, focusing on the enzymes that contribute to this paradox and evaluate the pros and cons of inhibiting or inducing each of these enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinogenesis; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Neoplasms; Nitric Oxide; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 29397935
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.042 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Apr 2018
PubMed: 29380484
DOI: 10.1111/acem.13382 -
British Journal of Haematology Mar 2018
Topics: Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Prenatal Diagnosis; Pulmonary Embolism
PubMed: 29363743
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15100 -
International Journal of Health Policy... Dec 2017This is a commentary on the article 'The rise of post-truth populism in pluralist liberal democracies: challenges for health policy.' It critically examines two of its...
This is a commentary on the article 'The rise of post-truth populism in pluralist liberal democracies: challenges for health policy.' It critically examines two of its key concepts: populism and 'post truth.' This commentary argues that there are different types of populism, with unclear links to impacts, and that in some ways, 'post-truth' has resonances with arguments advanced in the period at the beginning of the British National Health Service (NHS). In short, 'post-truth' populism' may be 'déjà vu all over again,' and there are multiple (post) truths: this is my (post) truth, tell me yours.
Topics: Democracy; Health Policy; Humans; Politics
PubMed: 29172380
DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.58