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Nutrients May 2024Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body...
Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body fat (BF), combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. In this population, it is vital to identify the factors associated with SO. With this aim in mind, we investigated the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and SO in patients with overweight or obesity in a nutritional setting. A total of 256 participants (23.8% female) with overweight or obesity were involved and completed a body composition assessment, including VAT mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was initially categorized according to whether the individual had the SO phenotype; they were then classified according to their VAT mass into three tertiles (lowest, medium, and highest). Among the 256 participants, who had a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 (interquartile range (IQR): 27.0-32.4) kg/m and a median age of 51.0 (IQR: 47.0-54.0) years, 32.4% were identified as having SO, and they displayed a higher median VAT mass (517.0 (IQR: 384.5-677.0) vs. 790.0 (IQR: 654.0-1007.0) g; < 0.05). The logistic regression model that accounted for age, sex and BMI revealed that a higher VAT mass increases the risk of SO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.004; < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT mass appears to be an independent factor associated with SO in people with overweight or obesity. However, due to the cross-sectional design, no information regarding any causality between higher VAT mass and SO can be provided. Additional longitudinal research in this direction should therefore be conducted.
Topics: Humans; Female; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcopenia; Absorptiometry, Photon; Obesity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Risk Factors; Overweight
PubMed: 38892578
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111645 -
Nutrients May 2024This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with...
This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with bone mineral density and biochemical and nutritional parameters in Chilean adults with overweight/obesity and normal weight from La Araucanía region, Chile. A case-control study was conducted with 116 adults and volunteers from the PURE cohort, collecting sociodemographic data, BMI assessment, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition using the pentacompartmental model (5CM) and tricompartmental model (3CM) by DXA, as well as bone mineral density (BMD). Blood biochemical parameters (fasting glucose and lipid profile), physical activity (PA) measured by GPAQ, and average dietary habits (R24h) were measured. In the overweight/obesity group, the 5CM and 3CM adipose mass were indirectly and moderately correlated with PA ( < 0.05), except in the male 5CM group. In the overweight/obesity group, muscle and fat-free mass (FFM) of the 5CM and 3CM correlated directly and moderately with blood fasting glucose (BFG) and BMD ( < 0.05), except in females, where FFM was not related to BMD but was related to residual mass ( < 0.01). Independent of gender and BMI, bone mineral content was positively and highly correlated with BMD ( < 0.0000). In the male overweight/obesity group, bone, skin, and residual mass were correlated with BFG ( < 0.05). In conclusion, for the assessment of non-athletic adult populations, more routine use of the 5CM in clinical practice is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Male; Female; Chile; Adult; Body Composition; Obesity; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Overweight; Nutritional Status; Absorptiometry, Photon; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Exercise
PubMed: 38892493
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111559 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators.
METHOD
We retrospectively enrolled patients over 50 years of age who had been subjected to surgery for fragility OVCF at China Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023. Demographic characteristics, T-score based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), CT-based Hounsfield unit (HU) value, vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) and the rate of fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscle were collected. A 1:1 age- and sex-matched, fracture-free control group was established from patients admitted to our hospital for lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar disk herniation.
RESULTS
A total of 78 patients with lumbar fragility OVCF were included. All the five indicators were significantly correlated with the occurrence of OVCFs. Logistic regression analysis showed that average HU value and VBQ score were significantly correlated with OVCF. The area under the curve (AUC) of VBQ score was the largest (0.89). There was a significantly positive correlation between average T-score, average HU value and average total rCSA. VBQ score was significantly positive correlated with FI.
CONCLUSION
VBQ score and HU value has good value in predicting of fragility OVCF. In addition to bone mineral density, we should pay more attention to bone quality, including the fatty signal intensity in bone and the FI in paraspinal muscle.
Topics: Humans; Male; Paraspinal Muscles; Female; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Spinal Fractures; Osteoporotic Fractures; Fractures, Compression; Case-Control Studies; Bone Density; Lumbar Vertebrae; Absorptiometry, Photon; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Aged, 80 and over; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38879486
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07587-8 -
Revista Espanola de Cirugia Ortopedica... Jun 2024Vertebral compression fractures by osteoporosis (OVF) is usually a diagnostic problem and coincides on the age group of metastatic vertebral compression fractures (MVF)....
Vertebral compression fractures by osteoporosis (OVF) is usually a diagnostic problem and coincides on the age group of metastatic vertebral compression fractures (MVF). Although radiography is the first diagnostic technique, generally is not accurate for depicting demineralization and soft tissue lesions. Magnetic resonance (MRI) is the diagnostic vertebral deformities without edema and older age. Among the most relevant findings for diagnosis MVF are soft tissue mass and pedicle intensity signal asymmetries. However, reproducibility of these findings in clinical practice is moderate.
PubMed: 38878884
DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.06.007 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Jun 2024Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to reduced bone mineral density and elevated overall fracture risk. Osteopenia affects up to 40% of patients... (Review)
Review
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to reduced bone mineral density and elevated overall fracture risk. Osteopenia affects up to 40% of patients with IBD (high regional variability). Besides disease activity, IBD specialists must consider possible side effects of medication and the presence of associated diseases and extraintestinal manifestations. Osteopenia and osteoporosis remain frequent problems in patients with IBD and are often underestimated because of widely differing screening and treatment practices. Malnutrition, chronic intestinal inflammation and corticosteroid intake are the major pathophysiological factors contributing to osteoporosis. Patients with IBD are screened for osteoporosis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is recommended for all patients with a prolonged disease course of more than three months, with repeated corticosteroid administration, aged >40 years with a high FRAX risk score or aged <40 years with multiple risk factors. From a therapeutic perspective, besides good disease control, vitamin D supplementation and glucocorticoid sparing, several specific osteological options are available: bisphosphonates, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (denosumab), parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues and selective estrogen receptor modulators. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IBD-associated bone loss.
Topics: Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Absorptiometry, Photon; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates
PubMed: 38875461
DOI: 10.57187/s.3407 -
Medicine Jun 2024We aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia and its components are associated with osteoporosis in community-dwelling older Chinese adults with different obesity levels....
We aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia and its components are associated with osteoporosis in community-dwelling older Chinese adults with different obesity levels. This cross-sectional study included 1938 participants (42.1% male) with a mean age of 72.1 ± 5.9 years. The categorization of individuals into various weight categories was based on the Working Group on Obesity in China's criteria, utilizing the body mass index (BMI) as follows: underweight, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2; overweight, 24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2; and obesity, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2. In this research, the osteoporosis definition put forth by the World Health Organization (bone mineral density T-score less than or equal to -2.5 as assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). Sarcopenia was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The prevalence of osteoporosis was highest in the underweight group and gradually decreased with increasing BMI (Underweight: 55.81% vs Normal weight: 45.33% vs Overweight: 33.69% vs Obesity: 22.39). Sarcopenia was associated with elevated odds of osteoporosis in normal-weight subjects independent of potential covariates (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.22-2.35, P = .002). In normal-weight participants, a higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.42-0.74, P < .001). In this study, we found that the prevalence of osteoporosis was highest in the underweight group and gradually decreased with increasing BMI. Sarcopenia, body fat percentage, and ASMI were associated with elevated odds of osteoporosis in normal-weight subjects independent of potential covariates, and higher percent body fat (PBF) was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in overweight people, and no such association was found in other weight groups. Different amounts of adipose tissue and muscle mass may alter bone biology. Further longitudinal follow-up studies are required to more accurately assess the risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in different weight populations. This cross-sectional study found that the prevalence of osteoporosis was highest in the underweight group and gradually decreased with increasing BMI. Sarcopenia was associated with elevated odds of osteoporosis in normal-weight subjects independent of potential covariates.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Osteoporosis; Aged; China; Obesity; Independent Living; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Aged, 80 and over; Risk Factors; East Asian People
PubMed: 38875436
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038396 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jun 2024While significant progress has been made in understanding the resistance training (RT) strategy for muscle hypertrophy increase, there remains limited knowledge about... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
While significant progress has been made in understanding the resistance training (RT) strategy for muscle hypertrophy increase, there remains limited knowledge about its impact on fat mass loss. This study aimed to investigate whether full-body is superior to split-body routine in promoting fat mass loss among well-trained males. Twenty-three participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: full-body (n = 11, training muscle groups 5 days per week) and split-body (n = 12, training muscle groups 1 day per week). Both groups performed a weekly set volume-matched condition (75 sets/week, 8-12 repetition maximum at 70%-80 % of 1RM) for 8 weeks, 5 days per week with differences only in the routine. Whole-body and regional fat were assessed using DXA at the beginning and at the end of the study. Full-body RT elicited greater losses compared to split-body in whole-body fat mass (-0.775 ± 1.120 kg vs. +0.317 ± 1.260 kg; p = 0.040), upper-limb fat mass (-0.085 ± 0.118 kg vs. +0.066 ± 0.162 kg; p = 0.019), gynoid fat mass (-0.142 ± 0.230 kg vs. +0.123 ± 0.230 kg; p = 0.012), lower-limb fat mass (-0.197 ± 0.204 kg vs. +0.055 ± 0.328 kg; p = 0.040), and a trend in interaction in android fat mass (-0.116 ± 0.153 kg vs. +0.026 ± 0.174 kg; p = 0.051), with large effects sizes (η ≥ 0.17). This study provides evidence that full-body is more effective in reducing whole-body and regional fat mass compared to split-body routine in well-trained males.
Topics: Humans; Male; Resistance Training; Young Adult; Adult; Body Composition; Adipose Tissue; Muscle, Skeletal; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 38874955
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12104 -
Renal Failure Dec 2024Osteoporosis in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has been overlooked, and the risk factors of osteoporosis in these patients have not been adequately...
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has been overlooked, and the risk factors of osteoporosis in these patients have not been adequately studied.
OBJECTIVE
To identify risk factors for osteoporosis in pre-dialysis CKD patients and develop predictive models to estimate the likelihood of osteoporosis.
METHODS
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density, and clinical examination results were collected from 326 pre-dialysis CKD patients. Binary logistic regression was employed to explore the risk factors associated with osteoporosis and develop predictive models.
RESULTS
In this cohort, 53.4% ( = 174) were male, 46.6% ( = 152) were female, and 21.8% ( = 71) were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Among those diagnosed with osteoporosis, 67.6% ( = 48) were female and 32.4% ( = 23) were male. Older age and low 25-(OH)-Vitamin D levels were identified as risk factors for osteoporosis in males. For females, older age, being underweight, higher bone alkaline phosphatase (NBAP), and advanced CKD (G5) were significant risk factors, while higher iPTH was protective. Older age, being underweight, and higher NBAP were risk factors for osteoporosis in the G1-4 subgroup. In the G5 subgroup, older age and higher NBAP increased the risk, while high 25-(OH)-Vitamin D or iPTH had protective effects. Nomogram models were developed to assess osteoporosis risk in pre-dialysis patients based on gender and renal function stage.
CONCLUSION
Risk factors for osteoporosis vary by gender and renal function stages. The nomogram clinical prediction models we constructed may aid in the rapid screening of patients at high risk of osteoporosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Osteoporosis; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Aged; Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Adult; Vitamin D; Alkaline Phosphatase; Logistic Models; Nomograms; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 38874080
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2361802 -
PloS One 2024Body image distortion and/or dissatisfaction may occur primarily due to body fat accumulation and/or distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of...
INTRODUCTION
Body image distortion and/or dissatisfaction may occur primarily due to body fat accumulation and/or distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of body image perception and (dis)satisfaction categories in adult men and women according to the adiposity classification.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study (n = 514; 33-79 years; 265 women) that is part of a prospective cohort (Pró-Saúde study). Adiposity measurements were determined by two methods: anthropometry, used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to estimate body fat percentage. Participants were grouped as "no excess adiposity" and "excess adiposity", considering BMI and body fat percentage (>30% for men, >40% for women). Perception and (dis)satisfaction with body image were evaluated using the Kakeshita scale, composed by 15 silhouettes, developed for the Brazilian population. Degree of distortion (perceived BMI - real BMI) and dissatisfaction (perceived BMI - desired BMI) were calculated.
RESULTS
A high proportion of men (58.6%; 74.3%), and especially of women (82.6%; 86.8%), presented body size overestimation and dissatisfaction due to excess weight, respectively. A relevant fraction of the women (32.6%) and men (30.8%) who were dissatisfied due to excess weight did not present excess adiposity, especially if classified by DXA. Variability in degree of distortion was hardly explained by anthropometric and DXA variables in women (<5%) and men (∼22%). Both anthropometric and DXA measurements accounted for ∼30% and ∼50% of the variability in degree of dissatisfaction among women and men, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest a high frequency of body image distortion in Brazilian adult individuals, as well as dissatisfaction with excess weight, especially among women with excess adiposity. The findings indicate that anthropometric measurements explain much of the variability in degree of body image dissatisfaction in men, with no apparent advantage of the use of more refined DXA measurements.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Adiposity; Body Image; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Body Mass Index; Absorptiometry, Photon; Personal Satisfaction; Brazil; Prospective Studies; Body Dissatisfaction
PubMed: 38857269
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304987