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Cureus Aug 2023If left untreated, periodontitis is a chronic, irreversible disease that can contribute to tooth loss. The primary objective of periodontal treatment is to arrest the... (Review)
Review
If left untreated, periodontitis is a chronic, irreversible disease that can contribute to tooth loss. The primary objective of periodontal treatment is to arrest the progression of the disease and restore the supporting structures of the tooth. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is a common non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) used to reduce inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. However, NSPT has limitations, notably in difficult-to-access deep pockets and molar furcations. Deep pockets (greater than 4 mm) frequently retain calculus following NSPT. To attain direct access, surgical periodontal therapy (SPT) is recommended, particularly for pockets deeper than 5 mm. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has emerged in recent years as a tool for periodontal regeneration when used in conjunction with NSP for infrabony defects. EMD may also have advantageous effects when combined with NSPT. The purpose of this review is to provide a thorough understanding of the effects of EMD as an adjunct to NSPT. The databases Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Embase were systematically searched to identify relevant studies on the benefits of EMD and its use as an adjunct to NSPT. Incorporating EMD into NSPT reduces chair time, and 60% of studies demonstrated considerable benefits compared to SRP alone, according to the findings. On the basis of research, it can be concluded that EMD can be used as an adjunct to NSPT, thereby reducing the amount of time spent in the operating chair. In some cases, it can, therefore, be regarded as an alternative to surgical treatment.
PubMed: 37719602
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43530 -
Journal of Proteome Research Oct 2023Dental calculus is becoming a crucial material in the study of past populations with increasing interest in its proteomic and genomic content. Here, we suggest further...
Dental calculus is becoming a crucial material in the study of past populations with increasing interest in its proteomic and genomic content. Here, we suggest further development of a protocol for analysis of ancient proteins and a combined approach for subsequent ancient DNA extraction. We tested the protocol on recent teeth, and the optimized protocol was applied to ancient tooth to limit the destruction of calculus as it is a precious and irreplaceable source of dietary, microbiological, and ecological information in the archeological context. Finally, the applicability of the protocol was demonstrated on samples of the ancient calculus.
PubMed: 37699853
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00370 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023We aimed to investigate the association between oral health and cognitive function in a sample of older adults from a Chinese rural community.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to investigate the association between oral health and cognitive function in a sample of older adults from a Chinese rural community.
METHODS
The cross-sectional cognitive function of 677 individuals were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A comprehensive profile of the oral health status was evaluated by questionnaire and clinical examination.
RESULTS
Multiple covariates-adjusted regression models demonstrated decayed teeth (DT) and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were negatively associated with MoCA score (all p < 0.05). Calculus index (CI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were significantly associated with the lower MoCA, short-term memory and executive function score, respectively (all p < 0.05). Additionally, participants with missing teeth unrestored tend to get lower MMSE and MoCA scores (p < 0.05). The results also showed that increased DT and CI were modestly associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There is an association between oral health and global cognition. Poor periodontal status was strongly associated with worse global cognition performance, especially in the short-term memory and executive domain for the aging population.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Oral Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Anodontia
PubMed: 37670297
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03353-9 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Long-term or even indefinite retention is routinely prescribed after orthodontic treatment as a preventive safeguard against post-treatment changes induced by tooth...
INTRODUCTION
Long-term or even indefinite retention is routinely prescribed after orthodontic treatment as a preventive safeguard against post-treatment changes induced by tooth movement, physiological healing, and the aging process. Though both fixed and removable versions of retainers may be equally effective in terms of results, sufficient research to support this assumption is missing at the moment.
OBJECTIVES
Long-term effects of fixed and removable retention on the periodontium, and the compliance level when used for an extended period of time.
METHODS
For 4 years participants were given a supply of canine-to-canine retainers and vacuum-formed canine-to-canine retainers. The inter-canine, as well as inter-molar widths, the length, and the extraction space opening of the mandibular anterior portion, were measured. Gingival inflammation, calculus, and plaque were observed, as well as the attachment of clinical and the case of bleeding during probing. 42 members had returned in the follow-up period, with 21 from each of the two groups. Measurements of the modified gingival index and plaque scoring were performed on the 10 intra-oral photographs that were taken at 4-week intervals in this study to investigate the intra-examiner reliability.
RESULTS
After controlling for confounding variables, there was a 1.64 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30, 2.98 mm) median between-groups difference among patients who utilized vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs). The treatment groups did not vary in inter-canine and intermolar widths ( = 0.52; 95% CI, -1.07, 1.05), arch length ( = 0.99; 95% CI, -1.15, 1.14), or opening of extraction spaces ( = 0.84).
CONCLUSION
A long-term study demonstrates that fixed retention can preserve the alignment of the mandibular anterior over time for the first time. Gingival discomfort and higher plaque scores were reported in both types of retainers.
PubMed: 37654327
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_587_22 -
PloS One 2023Oral healthcare behavior leads to oral health status. Factors associated with oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene in pregnant women, who are at high risk...
BACKGROUND
Oral healthcare behavior leads to oral health status. Factors associated with oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene in pregnant women, who are at high risk for gingivitis and dental caries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors during pregnancy among pregnant women in a northeastern province of Thailand.
METHOD
A total of 405 pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics at one of the government hospitals in the province were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Dentists in the hospitals measured pregnant women's gingivitis and dental calculus status using mouth mirrors and explorers. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain variables of interest. Linear regression analysis, Beta and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied.
RESULTS
The majority were 20-24 years old (33.6%). Most of the participants had received upper secondary education (37.6%). Majority had gingivitis (88.1%) and dental calculus (88.6%). The findings revealed that age (Beta = -0.129, 95%CI = -0.269, -0.016), educational level (Beta = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.110, 0.183), and oral health literacy (Beta = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.156, 0.319) were statistically significant factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors.
CONCLUSION
Younger pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors than older pregnant women and pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors due to higher educational levels and oral health literacy. Oral health promotion should be improved through oral health literacy, and interventions should be added to improve oral care skills particularly in older pregnant women as they are at a greater risk for poor oral healthcare behaviors.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Aged; Young Adult; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Pregnant Women; Thailand; Hospitals, Public; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Gingivitis; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37651430
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290334 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023Scaling and root planning (SRP) is still the gold standard of nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and it has been accompanied by several supportive therapies in recent...
INTRODUCTION
Scaling and root planning (SRP) is still the gold standard of nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and it has been accompanied by several supportive therapies in recent years. One of the most studied methods is the diode laser, thanks to its thermal and bactericidal properties. Our trial intended to verify whether it could influence the chemical bond between calculus and the root surface.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the diode laser prior the mechanical removal of calculus in an in vitro application. The reduction in time and the number of strokes required to clean the untreated root surfaces were evaluated as primary outcomes. The pressure was considered as a secondary outcome.
METHODS
A total of 75 extracted human teeth with subgingival calculus were assigned equally among three treatment groups (n = 25) according to the size of the occupied areas, which were classified by evaluating the pixel numbers. The groups were assigned to either no pretreatment application (A), Laser Diode Fox III (Sweden & Martina) (B) or Wiser Laser Evolution (Doctor Smile) (C). The weight for instrumentation was calibrated for an After Five curette (Hu-Friedy, Chicago). A new set of tools was used for each group, and the curettes were sharpened after each use with the Sidekick sharpener (Hu-Friedy, Chicago).
RESULTS
A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the significance for each considered parameter. The results were statistically significant for each parameter for the two groups where the laser was used compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations of an in vitro study, data showed that the diode laser had an overall positive effect on root debridement, facilitating SRP in terms of stroke count, time, and pressure.
Topics: Humans; Lasers, Semiconductor; Dental Calculus; Dental Scaling; Research Design; Sweden
PubMed: 37649328
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.769 -
Journal of Advanced Periodontology &... 2023Chronic periodontitis is the most common type of periodontitis, which is associated with calculus and plaque accumulation. Several studies have indicated that uncured...
BACKGROUND
Chronic periodontitis is the most common type of periodontitis, which is associated with calculus and plaque accumulation. Several studies have indicated that uncured periodontitis can affect the dental pulp. However, this relationship is controversial. This study aimed to compare histopathological results obtained from the dental pulp in teeth with periodontal problems and healthy teeth.
METHODS
In this study, 23 teeth with periodontal problems and 23 healthy teeth were extracted. After cutting off 2 mm from the root apex, the teeth were sectioned into apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Then, the specimens were evaluated in both groups based on histopathological features.
RESULTS
According to the evaluations, in the middle third, the amount of inflammation was only statistically significant in the group that consisted of teeth with periodontal problems (=0.014). There was no significant difference in fibrosis and blood vessel diameter between the two groups. Necrosis in the middle (=0.002) and coronal thirds (=0.004) of teeth with periodontal problems was more than the healthy teeth. The lack of odontoblastic integrity in all the sections of teeth with periodontal problems was more than that in healthy teeth (=0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Inflammation of the periodontium in chronic periodontitis can lead to histological changes in the pulp, including an increase in inflammation, necrosis, and loss of odontoblastic integrity.
PubMed: 37645556
DOI: 10.34172/japid.2023.005 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023The objective of this research is to identify the plants consumed and to determine their dietary importance in Áspero, an urban center on the coast of the Supe Valley,...
The objective of this research is to identify the plants consumed and to determine their dietary importance in Áspero, an urban center on the coast of the Supe Valley, Peru. Consequently, starch grains trapped in the human dental calculus of nine individuals were recovered, while the results from one individual from the Sacred City of Caral, located in the interior of Supe Valley, are presented. Eight species of food plants were identified, among them C plants: sweet potato, squash, potato, chili pepper, algarrobo, manioc and bean and C plant: maize. Previous isotopic analysis indicates that C plants formed the foundation of the diet at Áspero and Caral. Our results indicate a high ubiquity of C plants like sweet potato (100%) and squash (90%) suggesting, with caution, that these taxa were an important C source in the menu. Maize, C plant, showed a similar ubiquity (100%) to sweet potato and squash, however, previous isotopic analysis indicate that maize was a marginal food in Áspero and Caral. These results support that the absence and abundance of starch grains cannot be employed to directly infer the frequency of intake of C and C plants within a small population, as suggested by previous studies.
Topics: Humans; Peru; Dental Calculus; Plants, Edible; Camphor; Ipomoea batatas; Zea mays; Starch
PubMed: 37644158
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41015-6 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2023Assessment of dental malocclusion and soft-tissue features among children with special needs and their correlation with normal children.
AIMS
Assessment of dental malocclusion and soft-tissue features among children with special needs and their correlation with normal children.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 128 children (63 special health-care needs children and 65 normal children), between 8 and 18 years of age. Two special schools (Vatsalya and Jeevandhara) were included in the study for case group and two local schools (one government and one private) were included in the study for control group. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need was used to measure the malocclusion. To assess and compare various facial features, extra-oral photographs were taken from two different views (frontal and side).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square test, with keeping level of significance at P < 0.05.
RESULTS
The result of the present study demonstrated a significant difference between the study and control group with respect to overjet, caries, stains and calculus, soft-tissue facial profile, lip competency, and Korkhaus lip step. Soft-tissue comparison demonstrated facial asymmetry; lip incompetency was more prevalent in the study group compared to the control group. Overall, it was concluded that malocclusion was more prevalent in the study group compared to their counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS
Malocclusion was more prevalent in children with disability compared to their counterparts. On clinical examination, a significant difference in relation to overjet, caries and stains, and calculus was observed, whereas a significant difference on soft-tissue examination was observed in facial profile, lip competency, and Korkhaus lip step in the study group compared to normal children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Malocclusion; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Children; Dental Caries; Calculi
PubMed: 37635470
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_186_23 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023A sequence of novel 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHP) and their hybrids was developed using a multicomponent strategy under environmentally benign conditions. In addition,...
A sequence of novel 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHP) and their hybrids was developed using a multicomponent strategy under environmentally benign conditions. In addition, computational studies were performed, and the ligand-protein interactions calculated in different bacteria and two fungal strains. Para-hydroxy-linked DHP () showed the best binding energies of 3.591, 3.916, 8.499 and 6.895 kcal/mol against various pathogens used and other substances received a good docking score. The pathogen resistance potential of the synthesized targets against four bacteria and two fungi showed that whole DHP substances exhibit different levels of resistance to each microorganism. Gram-positive bacteria, which are highly sensitive to all molecules, and the MTCC-1884-encoded fungus strongly rejected the studied compounds compared to comparator drugs. In particular, the candidate showed remarkable antimicrobial activity, followed by the substances , , , and . Furthermore, MIC and MBC/MFC properties showed that had a minimum bacterial concentration of 12.5 μg/mL against and against two fungal pathogens, with its killing activity being effective even at low concentrations. On the other hand, whole motifs were tested for their cytotoxic activity, revealing that the methoxy and hydroxy-linked compounds () showed greater cytotoxic potency, followed by the two hydroxy linked compounds ( and ). Overall, this synthetic approach used represents a prototype for future nature-favored synthesis methods and these biological results serve as a guide for future therapeutic drug research. However, the computer results play an important role in the further development of biological experiments.
PubMed: 37631073
DOI: 10.3390/ph16081159