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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases May 2024In December 2023, after decades of tireless advocacy from stakeholders and partners, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave noma the long overdue recognition as a...
In December 2023, after decades of tireless advocacy from stakeholders and partners, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave noma the long overdue recognition as a neglected tropical disease. The significance of this official recognition cannot be overstated, and it is hoped this will serve as a turning point in our battle against this devastating disease.
Topics: Neglected Diseases; Humans; World Health Organization; Tropical Medicine; Noma
PubMed: 38814853
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012177 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), as in the occurrence of many diseases, have been associated with oxidative stress (OS) resulting from the disruption of antioxidant...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), as in the occurrence of many diseases, have been associated with oxidative stress (OS) resulting from the disruption of antioxidant mechanisms and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in tissues. This study was designed to compare salivary and serum OS and inflammation markers of individuals with TMD and healthy subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Twenty-seven TMD patients diagnosed with disc displacement (DD) according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Prior to any treatment, serum, and saliva samples were taken from the patients and centrifuged, and stored at -80 °C until analyzed. All samples were examined for Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the groups regarding median values of 8-OHdG, IL-6, and MDA (p > 0.05). When the relationship between serum and salivary 8-OHdG, IL-6, and MDA levels in all subjects was evaluated, there was a strong positive correlation between the levels of 8-OHdG and IL-6 in the serum (r = 0.752, p <0.001). In the study group, when the relationship between pain levels and serum and saliva 8-OHdG, IL-6, and MDA levels was assessed, a positive and strong correlation was found between the levels of 8-OHdG and IL-6 in serum.
CONCLUSION
Although the strong correlation between pain scores and serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels supports the hypothesis that inflammation and OS mechanisms may be interrelated, according to the results of the study, inflammatory and OS markers in patients with TMD were not different from healthy individuals.
Topics: Humans; Oxidative Stress; Saliva; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Female; Adult; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Biomarkers; Interleukin-6; Prospective Studies; Malondialdehyde; Inflammation; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Young Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38813510
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5737 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impacts of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) on microbiota of dental caries in children by 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Enrolled in this study were 15 children with primary PID with caries (PID group) and 15 healthy children with caries as a control (CG). The DMFT index, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of each participant were assessed before the metagenomic analyses were conducted. For taxonomic profiling, the reads were obtained by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA.
RESULTS
The DMFT score, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of the groups were similar. The flow rate and buffering capacity had no correlation with the number of species with 95% confidence. The metagenomic analysis resulted in the identification of 2440 bacterial species in all of the samples. Among the 50 most prevalent species present at ≥1% relative abundance, and were differentially more abundant in the PID group. The PID group and CG showed similar species richness and evenness, but 4 of the 5 samples with the highest Shannon-Weiner and Inverse Simpson indices belonged to the PID group. The Spearman test results for correlation of the species in the PID subgroups showed that had a positively correlated relationship with both and genera incertae sedis.
CONCLUSION
This study provided insight into the caries microbiota of children with immunodeficiency diseases. Differentially abundant species, novel bacterial associations, and unique bacterial species were disclosed in the PID samples, indicating the role of the immune system in altering the caries microbiota. The prominent bacterial species and associations in the PID group should be suspected in regard to their link with present or future diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Child; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Child, Preschool; Saliva; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38813004
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5719 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2024Gut microorganisms have been shown to significantly impact on central function and studies that have associated brain disorders with specific bacterial genera have... (Review)
Review
Gut microorganisms have been shown to significantly impact on central function and studies that have associated brain disorders with specific bacterial genera have advocated an anomalous gut microbiome as the pathophysiological basis of several psychiatric and neurological conditions. Thus, our knowledge of brain-to-gut-to microbiome communication in this bidirectional axis seems to have been overlooked. This review examines the known mechanisms of the microbiome-to-gut-to-brain axis, highlighting how brain-to-gut-to-microbiome signaling may be key to understanding the cause of disrupted gut microbial communities. We show that brain disorders can alter the function of the brain-to-gut-to-microbiome axis, which will in turn contribute to disease progression, while the microbiome-to gut-to brain direction presents as a more versatile therapeutic axis, since current psychotropic/neurosurgical interventions may have unwanted side effects that further cause disruption to the gut microbiome. A consideration of the brain-to-gut-to-microbiome axis is imperative to better understand how the microbiome-gut-brain axis overall is involved in brain illnesses, and how it may be utilized as a preventive and therapeutic tool.
PubMed: 38812976
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1386866 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The oral cavity and gut tract, being interconnected and rich in microbiota, may have a shared influence on gingivitis. However, the specific role of distinct gut...
INTRODUCTION
The oral cavity and gut tract, being interconnected and rich in microbiota, may have a shared influence on gingivitis. However, the specific role of distinct gut microbiota taxa in gingivitis remains unexplored. Utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR) as an ideal method for causal inference avoiding reverse causality and potential confounding factors, we conducted a comprehensive two-sample MR study to uncover the potential genetic causal impact of gut microbiota on gingivitis.
METHODS
Instrumental variables were chosen from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with 418 gut microbiota taxa, involving 14,306 individuals. Gingivitis, with 4,120 cases and 195,395 controls, served as the outcome. Causal effects were assessed using random-effect inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods. For replication and meta-analysis, gingivitis data from IEU OpenGWAS were employed. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q tests, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-Egger intercept tests. This study aimed to assess the genetic correlation between the genetically predicted gut microbiota and gingivitis using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC).
RESULTS
Three gut microbiota taxa (class Actinobacteria id.419, family Defluviitaleaceae id.1924, genus Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 id.11287) are predicted to causally contribute to an increased risk of gingivitis (P< 0.05). Additionally, four gut microbiota taxa (class Actinobacteria id.419, genus Escherichia Shigella id.3504, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG002 id.11360) potentially exhibit inhibitory causal effects on the risk of gingivitis (P< 0.05). No significant evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy is detected. Our findings indicate a suggestive genetic correlation between class Actinobacteria id.419, class Bacteroidia id.912, family Defluviitaleaceae id.1924, genus Escherichia Shigella id.3504 and gingivitis.
CONCLUSION
Our study establishes the genetic causal effect of 418 gut microbiota taxa on gingivitis, offering insights for clinical interventions targeting gingivitis. Subsequent research endeavors are essential to corroborate the findings of our present study.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Humans; Gingivitis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Linkage Disequilibrium; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Actinobacteria
PubMed: 38812751
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380209 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Laser biostimulation therapy (LBT) is suggested to have positive effects on periodontal healing. This study evaluated LBT with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Adjunctive use of laser biostimulation with nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a split-mouth, randomized, case-control study in diabetic and nondiabetic periodontitis patients.
BACKGROUND/AIM
Laser biostimulation therapy (LBT) is suggested to have positive effects on periodontal healing. This study evaluated LBT with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic health (SH) conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty periodontitis patients (15 with DM and 15 with SH) were included in the study, which had a split-mouth design, by applying LBT in the mouth of the same systemic condition. Thus, 4 study groups were formed, as 1) NSPT - DM: NSPT alone in DM, 2) NSPT + LBT - DM: NSPT + LBT application in DM, 3) NSPT - SH: NSPT alone in SH, and 4) NSPT + LBT - SH: NSPT + LBT application in SH. NSPT was performed on days 15, 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, and 65. LBT was performed 6 times on days 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, and 65 with an Nd:YAG laser. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed as the clinical parameters and recorded at baseline and days 30, 37, and 72. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-10 were evaluated by ELISA as the biochemical parameters at baseline and on days 30, 37, and 72.
RESULTS
Clinical parameters had improved in all of the groups on day 72 (p < 0.01). PPD and CAL improved more in the DM group with NSPT and LBT group than in the DM group with NSPT without LBT on day 37 (p < 0.05). IL-1β decreased and IL-10 increased in all of the groups on day 72 (p < 0.01). This change was more evident in the DM group with NSPT and LBT than in the DM group with NSPT without LBT on day 7 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
These results revealed the short-term impacts of LBT on periodontal healing, which return to ineffectiveness with repeated irradiation. Therefore, it may be speculated that LBT via the protocol herein may have a short-term antiinflammatory contribution to NSPT, only in impaired healing conditions such as DM.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Periodontitis; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Periodontal Index; Low-Level Light Therapy; Interleukin-1beta; Laser Therapy; Interleukin-10
PubMed: 38812655
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5797 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/AIM
Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and kefir consumption in initial periodontal therapy (IPT) on oral microbiota composition and treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out in the Gazi University Department of Periodontology, including a sample size of 36 individuals and utilizing a randomized controlled design. Thirty-six patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: one receiving probiotic treatment, another receiving kefir, and a third serving as the control group. Obtaining subgingival microbial samples, we recorded plaque, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (periodontal clinical indices) and then performed IPT. For 14 days, patients took either probiotics, kefir, or no supplements. Data for the first and third months were collected using periodontal clinical indices. DNA sequencing was performed to detect , , and in subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and three months.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed regarding periodontal clinical indices among groups in the intragroup comparisons. Moreover, levels of were significantly decreased in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Kefir can be administered in addition to IPT, providing results similar to those observed with probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Male; Dysbiosis; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Kefir; Tannerella forsythia; Periodontitis; Treponema denticola; Periodontal Index; Treatment Outcome; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38812644
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5798 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports May 2024Gingival enlargement is a side effect of several different medication, including immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, and calcium channel blockers. It is an inflammatory...
Gingival enlargement is a side effect of several different medication, including immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, and calcium channel blockers. It is an inflammatory response that starts when plaque and calculus build up on the tooth surface. The most prevalent long-term neurological condition affecting people is epilepsy. In affluent nations, the prevalence of epilepsy is ~ 1%, whereas in less developed countries, it may >2%. The preferred medication for the condition, phenytoin, has major side effects include gingival enlargement. In addition to being visually disfiguring, this enlargement frequently affects speech, chewing and eating. Furthermore, those with poor dental hygiene, causes disabilities with motor coordination and muscular limitations leading to mental disability and physical impairments are more prone to periodontal disease. This article enlightened the mechanism of drug induced gingival enlargement clinically, microbiologically, and surgically.
PubMed: 38812578
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae304 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... May 2024Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck tumor that is influenced by a variety of molecular factors during its pathogenesis. Among these, the... (Review)
Review
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck tumor that is influenced by a variety of molecular factors during its pathogenesis. Among these, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a crucial role in regulatory networks. This article systematically reviews the multifaceted functions of PTEN in NPC, including its roles in inhibiting cell proliferation, regulating migration and invasion, promoting autophagy and apoptosis, and influencing resistance to radiotherapy. Molecular factors such as long non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA can modulate PTEN through various pathways, thereby impacting the biological behavior of NPC. In addition, PTEN is involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment of NPC, and its interaction with the Epstein-Barr virus has also recently become a focus of research. A comprehensive understanding of the PTEN regulatory network provides a foundation for future personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC and suggests new directions in the field of tumor biology and NPC treatment.
Topics: Humans; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Tumor Microenvironment; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; RNA, Long Noncoding; Autophagy; Cell Movement; RNA, Circular; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38812313
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2905179 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Periodontitis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that results in serious complications and mortality. However, the pathogenic role of periodontitis in the...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that results in serious complications and mortality. However, the pathogenic role of periodontitis in the development of T2D and the underlain mechanism have not been fully elucidated.
METHODS
A Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to estimate the causality between two diseases. Bioinformatics tools, including gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, were employed to analyze the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in periodontitis and T2D. MR and colocalization analyses were then utilized to investigate the causal associations between potential pathogenic gene expression and the risk of T2D. Single cell-type expression analysis was further performed to detect the cellular localization of these genes.
RESULTS
Genetically predicted periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of T2D (OR, 1.469; 95% CI, 1.117-1.930; P = 0.006) and insulin resistance (OR 1.034; 95%CI 1.001-1.068; P = 0.041). 79 common DEGs associated with periodontitis and T2D were then identified and demonstrated enrichment mainly in CXC receptor chemokine receptor binding and interleutin-17 signaling pathway. The integration of GWAS with the expression quantitative trait locis of these genes from the peripheral blood genetically prioritized 6 candidate genes, including 2 risk genes (RAP2A, MCUR1) and 4 protective genes (WNK1, NFIX, FOS, PANX1) in periodontitis-related T2D. Enriched in natural killer cells, RAP2A (OR 4.909; 95% CI 1.849-13.039; P = 0.001) demonstrated high risk influence on T2D, and exhibited strong genetic evidence of colocalization (coloc.abf-PPH4 = 0.632).
CONCLUSIONS
This study used a multi-omics integration method to explore causality between periodontitis and T2D, and revealed molecular mechanisms using bioinformatics tools. Periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of T2D. MCUR1, RAP2A, FOS, PANX1, NFIX and WNK1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-related T2D, shedding light on the development of potential drug targets.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Computational Biology; Periodontitis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38811930
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04408-1