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Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2024Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of diseases often characterized by poor sociability and challenges in social communication. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)...
INTRODUCTION
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of diseases often characterized by poor sociability and challenges in social communication. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a core brain region for social function. Whether it contributes to the defects of social communication in ASD and whether it could be physiologically modulated to improve social communication have been poorly investigated. This study is aimed at addressing these questions.
METHODS
Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mutant and valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mice were used. Male-female social interaction was adopted to elicit ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate USV-activated neurons. Optogenetic and precise target transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were utilized to modulate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neuronal activity.
RESULTS
In wild-type (WT) mice, USV elicited rapid expression of c-Fos in the excitatory neurons of the left but not the right ACC. Optogenetic inhibition of the left ACC neurons in WT mice effectively suppressed social-induced USV. In - and VPA-induced ASD mice, significantly fewer c-Fos/CaMKII-positive neurons were observed in the left ACC following USV compared to the control. Optogenetic activation of the left ACC neurons in or VPA-pretreated mice significantly increased social activity elicited by USV. Furthermore, precisely stimulating neuronal activity in the left ACC, but not the right ACC, by repeated TMS effectively rescued the USV emission in these ASD mice.
DISCUSSION
The excitatory neurons in the left ACC are responsive to socially elicited USV. Their silence mediates the deficiency of social communication in and VPA-induced ASD mice. Precisely modulating the left ACC neuronal activity by repeated TMS can promote the social communication in and VPA-pretreated mice.
PubMed: 38813469
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1387447 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impacts of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) on microbiota of dental caries in children by 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Enrolled in this study were 15 children with primary PID with caries (PID group) and 15 healthy children with caries as a control (CG). The DMFT index, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of each participant were assessed before the metagenomic analyses were conducted. For taxonomic profiling, the reads were obtained by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA.
RESULTS
The DMFT score, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of the groups were similar. The flow rate and buffering capacity had no correlation with the number of species with 95% confidence. The metagenomic analysis resulted in the identification of 2440 bacterial species in all of the samples. Among the 50 most prevalent species present at ≥1% relative abundance, and were differentially more abundant in the PID group. The PID group and CG showed similar species richness and evenness, but 4 of the 5 samples with the highest Shannon-Weiner and Inverse Simpson indices belonged to the PID group. The Spearman test results for correlation of the species in the PID subgroups showed that had a positively correlated relationship with both and genera incertae sedis.
CONCLUSION
This study provided insight into the caries microbiota of children with immunodeficiency diseases. Differentially abundant species, novel bacterial associations, and unique bacterial species were disclosed in the PID samples, indicating the role of the immune system in altering the caries microbiota. The prominent bacterial species and associations in the PID group should be suspected in regard to their link with present or future diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Child; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Child, Preschool; Saliva; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38813004
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5719 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1354241.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1354241.].
PubMed: 38812918
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1423030 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/AIM
Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and kefir consumption in initial periodontal therapy (IPT) on oral microbiota composition and treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out in the Gazi University Department of Periodontology, including a sample size of 36 individuals and utilizing a randomized controlled design. Thirty-six patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: one receiving probiotic treatment, another receiving kefir, and a third serving as the control group. Obtaining subgingival microbial samples, we recorded plaque, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (periodontal clinical indices) and then performed IPT. For 14 days, patients took either probiotics, kefir, or no supplements. Data for the first and third months were collected using periodontal clinical indices. DNA sequencing was performed to detect , , and in subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and three months.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed regarding periodontal clinical indices among groups in the intragroup comparisons. Moreover, levels of were significantly decreased in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Kefir can be administered in addition to IPT, providing results similar to those observed with probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Male; Dysbiosis; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Kefir; Tannerella forsythia; Periodontitis; Treponema denticola; Periodontal Index; Treatment Outcome; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38812644
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5798 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... May 2024The present study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts from different parts of , including leaves,...
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts from different parts of , including leaves, stem, and roots, as well as isolated column fractions (F-B-1 C, F-B-2 C, F-B-3 C, and F-B-4 C).
METHODS
The extracts and subsequent fractions were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against key enzymes involved in diabetes [α-glucosidase and α-amylase], neurodegenerative diseases [acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase], and inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)).
RESULTS
The results showed that leaf extract exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (73.84%) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (76.29%) at 1000 µg/mL. The stem extract (65.50%) and F-B-2 C fraction (69.67%) also demonstrated significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In terms of anti-cholinesterase activity, the extracts of roots, leaves, and stem showed promising inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 50.50 to 474.83 µg/mL. The derived fractions (F-B-1 C, F-B-2 C, F-B-3 C, and F-B-4 C) also exhibited notable inhibition of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values from 91.85 to 337.94 µg/mL. Moreover, the F-B-3 C fraction demonstrated the highest COX-2 inhibitory potential (85.72%), followed by F-B-1 C (83.13%), the stem extract (80.85%), and the leaves extract (79.00%). The F-B-1 C fraction showed the highest 5-LOX inhibitory activity (87.63%), while the root extract exhibited the lowest inhibition (73.39%).
CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrated promising bioactivity, suggesting the potential of as a source of natural compounds with therapeutic applications. Further studies are required to identify and isolate the active components responsible for these effects and to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
Topics: Ficus; Plant Extracts; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Leaves; Butyrylcholinesterase; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; alpha-Amylases; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Acetylcholinesterase; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38812295
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2905183 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different cleanser tablets on S. mutans and C. albicans adhesion to PMMA, polyamide and 3D printed resin was...
BACKGROUND
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different cleanser tablets on S. mutans and C. albicans adhesion to PMMA, polyamide and 3D printed resin was investigated.
METHODS
40 samples were prepared for PMMA (SR Triplex Hot), polyamide (Deflex) and 3D printed resin (PowerResins Denture) materials and divided into four subgroups for cleansers (Aktident™, Protefix™, Corega™ tablets and distilled water) (n = 5). After the surface preparations were completed, the samples were immersed separately in tubes containing the prepared microorganism suspension and incubated at 37˚C for 24 h. After the incubation, the samples were kept in the cleanser solutions. The samples were then transferred to sterile saline tubes. All the tubes were vortexed and 10 µl was taken from each of them. Sheep blood agar was inoculated for colony counting. The inoculated plates were incubated for 48 h for S. mutans and 24 h for C. albicans. After incubation, colonies observed on all plates were counted. Statistical analyses were done with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test.
RESULTS
Polyamide material registered the highest colony count of S. mutans, whereas PMMA registered the lowest. Significant differences in S. mutans adherence (p = 0.002) were found between the three denture base materials, but no such difference in C. albicans adherence (p = 0.221) was identified between the specimens. All three cleanser tablets eliminated 98% of S. mutans from all the material groups. In all these groups, as well, the antifungal effect of Corega™ on C. albicans was significantly higher than those of the other two cleanser tablets.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the study's results, it may be better to pay attention to surface smoothness when using polyamide material to prevent microorganism retention. Cleanser tablets are clinically recommended to help maintain hygiene in removable denture users, especially Corega tablets that are more effective on C. albicans.
Topics: Candida albicans; Streptococcus mutans; Denture Bases; Denture Cleansers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Nylons; Tablets; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Materials; Bacterial Adhesion; Anti-Infective Agents; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38811903
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04403-6 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of the combination technique of strip free gingival grafts (SFGG) and xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in augmenting the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of the combination technique of strip free gingival grafts (SFGG) and xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in augmenting the width of keratinized mucosa (KMW) around dental implants, and compare its efficacy with the historical control group (FGG).
METHODS
Thirteen patients with at least one site with KMW ≤ 2 mm after implant surgery were included and received SFGG in combination with XCM. Another thirteen patients with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria from the previous trial received FGG alone. The same outcomes as the previous trial were evaluated. KMW, thickness of keratinized mucosa (KMT), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline, 2 and 6 months. Postoperative pain, patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes were also assessed.
RESULTS
At 6 months after surgery, the combination technique could attain 3.3 ± 1.6 mm of KMW. No significant change could be detected in GI or PD at 6 months compared to those at 2 months (p > 0.05). The postoperative pain and patient satisfaction in VAS were 2.6 ± 1.2 and 9.5 ± 1.2. The total score of aesthetic outcomes was 3.8 ± 1.2. In the historical FGG group, 4.6 ± 1.6 mm of KMW was reported at 6 months, and the total score of aesthetic outcomes was higher than the combination technique (4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The combination technique of SFGG and XCM could increase KMW and maintain peri-implant health. However, this combination technique was associated with inferior augmentation and aesthetic outcomes compared with FGG alone.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This clinical trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR2200057670 on 15/03/2022.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Female; Male; Collagen; Middle Aged; Gingiva; Adult; Patient Satisfaction; Periodontal Index; Gingivoplasty; Keratins; Esthetics, Dental; Treatment Outcome; Pain, Postoperative; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 38811896
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04184-y -
European Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024Unilateral posterior crossbite is a common malocclusion, and early treatment is recommended to enable normal growth. There are several possibilities regarding choice of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Unilateral posterior crossbite is a common malocclusion, and early treatment is recommended to enable normal growth. There are several possibilities regarding choice of appliances used for correcting this malocclusion; however, when treatment is financed by public funds the decision needs to be based not only on the effects but also on the effect in relation to the costs.
OBJECTIVES
The aim was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing quad helix (QH) and rapid maxillary expanders (RME; hyrax-type) in children in the early mixed dentition.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Seventy-two patients were randomized to treatment with either QH or RME, at two different centres. Data were collected from the patient's medical records regarding success rate, number of visits, total treatment time, emergency visits, and so forth, together with answers from patient questionnaires concerning absence from school and use of analgesics. A cost-effectiveness analysis with both an intention-to-treat (ITT) and a per-protocol approach was performed, as well as a deterministic sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
The success rate, one year after the completion of the expansion, was equal between groups according to the ITT approach. From a healthcare perspective, the mean cost difference between RME and QH was €32.05 in favour of QH (P = 0.583; NS). From a societal perspective, the mean cost difference was €32.61 in favour of QH (P = 0.742; NS). The total appliance cost alone was higher in the RME group €202.67 resp. €155.58 in the QH group (P = 0.001). The probability of RME having a higher cost was 71% from a healthcare perspective and 62.7% from a societal perspective. The total treatment time was 97 days longer in the QH group. In the deterministic sensitivity analysis, when using a higher valuation of the children's educational loss, the QH becomes €58 more costly than the RME. There was a statistically significant difference in chair time and visits between centres (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The difference in costs between RME and QH is not statistically significant, however, there is a slightly higher probability that RME is more expensive than QH with a mean cost of an additional €32 per patient from a healthcare perspective. Different work procedures at different centres indicate that logistics around the patient's treatment is a more important aspect than appliance used to decrease the number of visits and save chair time and thereby also costs.
Topics: Humans; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Palatal Expansion Technique; Child; Dentition, Mixed; Malocclusion; Female; Male; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Treatment Outcome; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
PubMed: 38808562
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjae028 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polywave and monowave light-emitting diode curing units on the microtensile bond strength and failure types of three...
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polywave and monowave light-emitting diode curing units on the microtensile bond strength and failure types of three bulk-fill resin composites.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This in vitro experimental study was performed on 180 microbars obtained from human third molars and were distributed into 12 groups according to the type of bulk-fill resin composite and the light-curing unit. Third molars were restored using Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, and Opus Bulk Fill resin composites was light-cured with Elipar Deep Cure L and Valo in three modes: standard, high power, and extra power. Subsequently, microtensile analysis was carried out with a universal testing machine and the type of failure with an optical stereomicroscope. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used, with the Bonferroni post hoc test and Fisher's exact test, considering a significance of p<0.05.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the microtensile bond strength between the Filtek One Bulk Fill restorative and Opus Bulk-Fill (p = 0.042) when light was cured with the polywave unit at standard power. On the other hand, the Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative and Opus Bulk Fill resins showed significant differences in microtensile bond strength when light was cured with the monowave unit compared with the polywave unit (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The presence of alternative photoinitiator systems that are more reactive than camphorquinone produced higher microtensile bond strength in Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Opus Bulk Fill resins when light-cured with a high and standard polywave unit, respectively, compared to Filtek One Bulk Fill resins. Finally, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Opus Bulk Fill resins had the highest percentage of mixed failures, while Filtek One Bulk Fill resin had adhesive failures, which was related to its lower microtensile bond strength.
PubMed: 38808075
DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S465226 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Jun 2024With the advancements in dental science and the growing need for improved dental health, it has become imperative to develop new implant materials which possess better... (Review)
Review
With the advancements in dental science and the growing need for improved dental health, it has become imperative to develop new implant materials which possess better geometrical, mechanical, and physical properties. The oral environment is a corrosive environment and the relative motion between the teeth also makes the environment more hostile. Therefore, the combined corrosion and tribology commonly known as tribocorrosion of implants needs to be studied. The complex shapes of the dental implants and the high-performance requirements of these implants make manufacturing difficult by conventional manufacturing processes. With the advent of additive manufacturing or 3D-printing, the development of implants has become easy. However, the various requirements such as surface roughness, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance further make the manufacturing of implants difficult. The current paper reviews the various studies related to3D-printed implants. Also, the paper tries to highlight the role of 3D-Printing can play in the area of dental implants. Further studies both experimental and numerical are needed to devise optimized conditions for 3D-printing implants to develop implants with improved mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties.
PubMed: 38807965
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.05.004