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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Shikonin is extracted from the roots of , and shikonin extracts have been shown to have inhibitory effects on several bacteria. However, shikonin extracts are difficult...
Shikonin is extracted from the roots of , and shikonin extracts have been shown to have inhibitory effects on several bacteria. However, shikonin extracts are difficult to formulate because of their poor water solubility. In the present study, we prepared a shikonin dispersion, which was solubilized by the inclusion of β-1,3-1,6 glucan, and analysed the inhibitory effects of this dispersion on and non-mutans streptococci. The shikonin dispersion showed pronounced anti- activity, and inhibited growth of and biofilm formation by this bacterium. The shikonin dispersion also showed antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects against non-mutans streptococci. In addition, a clinical trial was conducted in which 20 subjects were asked to brush their teeth for 1 week using either shikonin dispersion-containing or non-containing toothpaste, respectively. The shikonin-containing toothpaste decreased the number of in the oral cavity, while no such effect was observed after the use of the shikonin-free toothpaste. These results suggest that shikonin dispersion has an inhibitory effect on and non-mutans streptococci, and toothpaste containing shikonin dispersion may be effective in preventing dental caries.
Topics: Humans; Lithospermum; Dental Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Toothpastes; Antibodies; Glucans; Plant Extracts; Naphthoquinones
PubMed: 38256148
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021075 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jan 2024The aim of this study is to investigate dentin chemical and ultrastructural changes upon exposure to remineralizing dentifrices. Dentin disks were obtained from...
The aim of this study is to investigate dentin chemical and ultrastructural changes upon exposure to remineralizing dentifrices. Dentin disks were obtained from permanent human molars and treated for 7 days with the dentifrices: (1) C group-control (no dentifrice); (2) S group-Sensodyne Repair & Protect; (3) D group-Dentalclean Daily Regenerating Gel; and (4) DB group-D group + Dentalclean regenerating booster. Afterwards, samples were submitted to an additional 7 days of toothbrushing associated with daily acidic challenge. Samples were imaged and analyzed (days 1, 7, and 14) for Young's modulus by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). SEM and AFM revealed precipitate deposition on dentin surfaces in groups S, D, and DB, formed as early as day 1. Surface elemental analysis showed a Si increase on all brushed surfaces. Similar surface morphology was maintained after the acidic challenge period. Bright-field TEM/SAED revealed the formation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite inside the dentin tubules of groups S, D, and DB after day 7. Group C presented a gradual reduction of Young's modulus from days-1-14, whereas all remaining groups had increased values. All evaluated dentifrices led to successful formation of hydroxyapatite and increased dentin stiffness.
PubMed: 38248692
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010025 -
Dentistry Journal Dec 2023Dentifrice performance in the removal of dental plaque is influenced by the interactions of dentifrice components with tooth surfaces. This randomized controlled...
Dentifrice performance in the removal of dental plaque is influenced by the interactions of dentifrice components with tooth surfaces. This randomized controlled clinical study assessed the effectiveness and safety of a novel fluoride dentifrice formulation that included a micro-fibrillated cellulose network with entangled microcrystalline cellulose and silica particles (Protegera), and compared this to a positive control fluoride dentifrice (Crest Cavity Protection™). Whole mouth dental plaque levels in 82 healthy adults were measured after the first supervised use, and following a week of twice daily use at home. Overall, the test dentifrice was at least three times and up to four times more effective in whole-mouth plaque reductions, with a 38.6% reduction on first use, a 30.9% reduction at day 7, and a 41.6% reduction from day 1 to day 7, compared to reductions of 12.0%, 9.6% and 11.6%, respectively for the positive control, and up to seven times more effective in lingual plaque reductions, than the reference dentifrice ( < 0.001), with a 27.7% reduction on first use, a 22.3% reduction at day 7, and a 31.0% reduction from day 1 to day 7, compared to reductions of 4.4%, 2.2%, and 4.5%, respectively, for the positive control. No safety issues arose from the use of the test dentifrice. These results indicate that including micro-fibrillated cellulose enhances plaque removal effectiveness, without causing adverse changes to oral soft tissues.
PubMed: 38248215
DOI: 10.3390/dj12010007 -
Archives of Razi Institute Aug 2023Oral hygiene is one of the most influential and important issues in people's health. People have been using herbal components to maintain their oral hygiene for...
Oral hygiene is one of the most influential and important issues in people's health. People have been using herbal components to maintain their oral hygiene for centuries. Oral cancer develops in the oral cavity, and its origin always lies in the growth of malignant epithelial tissue cells. Due to the spread of this cancer in Iran, we intend to measure the antibacterial effects of the combination of and extracts. Cariogenic bacteria are one leading cause of oral cancer. We used this extract in mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum, and we expect that it would reduce cell proliferation and be used in prevention and treatment. The new organic mouthwash, chewing gum, and toothpaste were designed and prepared using oil, , extract, the powder of wood, and leaves. With the use of herbal compounds in the preparation of these products, the quantity of essential chemical ingredients in the prepared samples was decreased. We examined the quality and stability of mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum that indicated the standard level of each substance. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of our products, which indicated that our products can significantly reduce the total bacterial count. For the first time, a combination of and extract replaced chemicals in mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum. Natural herbal ingredients with antimicrobial activity are effective in maintaining low bacterial counts in the mouth, and as a result, improving oral hygiene and health.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Salvadoraceae; Moringa oleifera; Disinfectants; Chewing Gum; Toothpastes; Plant Extracts; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 38226376
DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2023.78.4.1379 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal toothpaste with 5% sodium fluoride varnishin obstructing human dentinal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal toothpaste with 5% sodium fluoride varnishin obstructing human dentinal tubules; Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to obtain quantitative and qulitative data on tubular obstruction.
METHODS
Thirty-nine extracted human premolar teeth were collected. The cementum layer was removed using a water-cooled diamond bur and the smear layer using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%. Then, the samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 13 each), as follows: group 1: dentin discs exposed to the propolis-based herbal toothpaste (Herbex); group 2: dentin discs exposed to 5% sodium fluoride varnish; and group 3: control. Then, all discs were observed and imaged in 4 non-overlapping fields by an electron microscope at 2000× magnification. The topography and number of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules were counted in all images. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistic 22.0 software, with a significance level of α = 0.05.
RESULTS
In pairwise comparisons of the groups considering the percentage of open, closed, and semi-closed tubules, the difference was not statistically significant between the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and propolis groups in the closed and semi-closed tubules, but it was statistically significant with the control group. Additionally, the percentage of open tubules in the propolis-based herbal toothpaste group was significantly lower than in the 5% sodium fluoride varnish and control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Both propolis-based herbal toothpaste and 5% sodium fluoride varnish is effective in blocking human dentin tubules to various extents.
Topics: Propolis; Humans; Toothpastes; Sodium Fluoride; Fluorides, Topical; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin Sensitivity; In Vitro Techniques; Dentin; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Bicuspid
PubMed: 38184459
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.014 -
SAGE Open Medicine 2024This study was intended to compare and determine the potency of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste against a topical cream containing casein...
Remineralization potential of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream on white spot lesions in enamel following orthodontic debonding - a randomized controlled trial.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This study was intended to compare and determine the potency of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste against a topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and a regular dentifrice for remineralization of white spot lesions of enamel following orthodontic debonding.
METHODS
Ninety individuals with white spot lesions on their enamel who visited the orthodontic department for de-bonding were selected for the research. Patients were randomly assigned to three distinct groups with each group consisting of 30 patients. Group 1 served as the control and received regular dentifrice, Group 2 received strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste, and Group 3 received casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate topical cream. Patients were instructed to locally apply a specified amount of the prescribed preparation twice daily for six weeks. The data were analysed using the statistical programme SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and the level of significance had been set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
Group 1 did not show any change in the enamel following the application of toothpaste. Both Group 2 and 3 demonstrated higher post-treatment scores, indicating effective remineralization potential ( < 0.001). However, Group 2 (strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste) displayed significantly greater remineralization capacity when compared to group 3 (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate topical cream).
CONCLUSION
Compared to conventional dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste, strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite preparation demonstrated greater enamel remineralization of the white spot lesions and favourable surface alterations in the enamel surface. strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite can be utilised safely and efficiently to treat early caries and remineralise white spot lesions on the enamel.
PubMed: 38162913
DOI: 10.1177/20503121231221634 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2023Dental caries is ubiquitous and one of the most prevalent oral diseases and the foremost cause of dental pain and poor quality of life (QoL). Fluoride is an effective...
UNLABELLED
Dental caries is ubiquitous and one of the most prevalent oral diseases and the foremost cause of dental pain and poor quality of life (QoL). Fluoride is an effective caries preventive agent; however, despite its use, there remain some gaps in prevention of dental caries. Arginine, an amino acid, helps to maintain a noncariogenic plaque. It shows synergistic effects with fluoride in dental caries and can help nourish the tooth by enhancing the remineralization effect of fluoride. Supplementing fluoride dentifrices with arginine can bridge the gap in caries prevention. Several clinical studies with 1.5% arginine + fluoride provide evidence for its use in prevention of dental caries. This report throws light on the benefits of arginine in dental caries and guides on its use with fluoride. Recommendations given in the report will help in effective prevention of dental caries.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Goyal V, Damle S, Puranik MP, Arginine: A New Paradigm in Preventive Oral Care. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):698-706.
PubMed: 38162235
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2693 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Dec 2023Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is positively associated with oral, oesophageal, and pancreatic cancers. The tobacco dentifrice is a type of SLT which is applied to the...
BACKGROUND
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is positively associated with oral, oesophageal, and pancreatic cancers. The tobacco dentifrice is a type of SLT which is applied to the teeth and gums. It is available in different forms which include mishri, gul/gulmanjan, gudhaku, snuff, red tooth powder, and creamy snuff. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions and beliefs associated with the harmful effects of tobacco dentifrice use.
METHODOLOGY
Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted among tobacco dentifrice users visiting a dental hospital. The data were coded and analysed using thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti software 8.
RESULTS
A total of 11 codes and six categories were generated which comprised of the reason for the initiation, awareness of health effects, perception of oral tobacco application, perception of quitting, the reason for continued use, and use in society. Family, peers, access to the product, curiosity were important factors to initiate the tobacco dentifrice use. Participants believed in the myth that tobacco dentifrice was beneficial for the teeth, gums, and bowel movements. The participants considered tobacco dentifrice to be less harmful than other forms of tobacco. However, some participants were aware of its adverse effects on health and have tried to quit in the past. None of the participants had taken any professional help for quitting.
CONCLUSION
There were strong beliefs and myths among the participants that tobacco dentifrice was beneficial for oral and general health. There is a need to create awareness and improve the standard of the health warning of such products.
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Dentifrices; India; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 38156866
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4293 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2023The Internet is a growing source of knowledge and can provide information about oral health. This ecological study aimed to characterize the interests in toothpaste...
The Internet is a growing source of knowledge and can provide information about oral health. This ecological study aimed to characterize the interests in toothpaste among Google users from different countries. Our hypothesis was that there would be an increase in Google users' interest in information about toothpaste. This retrospective longitudinal ecological study analyzed the toothpaste-related interest of Google users from 10 countries between January 2004 and December 2020. The monthly variation in relative search volume (RSV) and the main related queries were determined using Google Trends. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting models were built to establish the predictive RSV values for toothpaste for an additional 12 months. Autocorrelation plots and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to diagnose trends and seasonality in RSV curves. Additionally, the influence of social isolation related to the outbreak of COVID-19 was analyzed. Although not detected by autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) analyses, the heuristic analysis showed an increase in the interest in toothpaste-related information in all countries, with a stable trend observed in the 12-month forecasts, except for the increases in the United Kingdom and South Africa. Also, GAM analyses demonstrated a non-significant monthly or quarterly seasonal influence on data. In addition, social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic did not influence the online information-seeking behavior of Google Search users linked to this topic. We confirmed the hypothesis that the interest of Google Search users in information about toothpaste increased in all of the 10 assessed countries.
Topics: Humans; Toothpastes; Retrospective Studies; Search Engine; Pandemics; Oral Health; COVID-19
PubMed: 38126468
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0124 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Dec 2023To evaluate the effects of powered and manual tooth brushing on gingival inflammation in a Chinese population with mild to moderate gingivitis. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of powered and manual tooth brushing on gingival inflammation in a Chinese population with mild to moderate gingivitis.
METHODS
The present randomised, single-blind, parallel clinical trial was conducted in five cities in China. Generally healthy participants aged 18 to 65 years, who were non-smokers and had at least 20 sites of gingival bleeding, were included as eligible subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the powered tooth brushing (PTB) group or standard manual tooth brushing (MTB) group. All subjects were supplied with a fluoride-containing toothpaste, Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (MPI) were used to evaluate the outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 235 subjects completed the study, 118 in the PTB group and 117 in the MTB group. The mean age and sex distribution for the PTB and MTB groups were 34.40 ± 9.99 years, 89 women and 29 men, and 34.20 ± 10.14 years, 82 women and 35 men, respectively. After 6 months, the percentage decrease in MGI was 26.150% ± 26.897% for the PTB group and 14.768% ± 38.544% for the MTB group (P = 0.0092). Statistically significant differences between types of tooth brushing were also observed at 6 months for GBI, and at all time points for MPI.
CONCLUSION
Tooth brushing with a powered toothbrush twice a day was shown to be more effective than use of a manual toothbrush in reducing gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding and surface plaque after a 6-month period. Both kinds of toothbrushes were safe for the oral tissues.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; China; Dental Plaque Index; Equipment Design; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Inflammation; Single-Blind Method; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Adult
PubMed: 38126371
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4784023