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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators...
Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression in the dentine-pulp complex during dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate post-translational histone modulation and HDAC expression during DPC mineralisation and the expression of Class I/II HDACs during tooth development and in adult teeth. HDAC expression (isoforms -1 to -6) was analysed in mineralising primary rat DPCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot with mass spectrometry being used to analyse post-translational histone modifications. Maxillary molar teeth from postnatal and adult rats were analysed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HDACs (1-6). HDAC-1, -2, and -4 protein expression increased until days 7 and 11, but decreased at days 14 and 21, while other HDAC expression increased continuously for 21 days. The Class II mineralisation-associated HDAC-4 was strongly expressed in postnatal sample odontoblasts and DPCs, but weakly in adult teeth, while other Class II HDACs (-5, -6) were relatively strongly expressed in postnatal DPCs and adult odontoblasts. Among Class I HDACs, HDAC-1 showed high expression in postnatal teeth, notably in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. HDAC-2 and -3 had extremely low expression in the rat dentine-pulp complex. Significant increases in acetylation were noted during DPC mineralisation processes, while trimethylation H3K9 and H3K27 marks decreased, and the HDAC-inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced H3K27me3. These results highlight a dynamic alteration in histone acetylation during mineralisation and indicate the relevance of Class II HDAC expression in tooth development and regenerative processes.
Topics: Animals; Acetylation; Rats; Histone Deacetylases; Dentinogenesis; Dentin; Dental Pulp; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Histones; Molar; Odontoblasts; Male
PubMed: 38928274
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126569 -
Biology Jun 2024The extraction of museum DNA from a unique collection of samples of the "" species complex, which comprises local endemics of Central and West Asia, allowed us to...
The extraction of museum DNA from a unique collection of samples of the "" species complex, which comprises local endemics of Central and West Asia, allowed us to determine their inter- and intragroup relationships. The first step of this study was the re-evaluation of heavily damaged type specimens of via a microcomputed-tomography-based cybertaxonomic approach (CTtax), which enabled a precise description of the species' morphology; three-dimensional models of the cybertypes were made available through the MorphoBank Repository. We developed the "AProMaDesU" pipeline on the basis of five requirements for micro-CT-based cyber-datasets in relation to mammalian collections. Our second step was a combination of several meticulous approaches to morphological investigation against a background of a -based phylogeny, which helped us to make a taxonomic decision about the status of species of the "pergrisea" group, e.g., , , and , when the morphological results were partly incongruent with the molecular phylogeny. Nevertheless, under two assumptions, our findings preserved a separate species-level status of and . In addition, we restored the species-level status of . This taxonomic decision is based on our morphospace analysis, which revealed unique craniomandibular shape transformations within the rocky shrews that helped them with the transition to a new area of morphospace/trophic niches and consequently separated them from the other analyzed groups.
PubMed: 38927328
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060448 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are vital players in antiviral immune responses because of their high levels of IFN-α secretion. However, this attribute has also...
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are vital players in antiviral immune responses because of their high levels of IFN-α secretion. However, this attribute has also implicated them as critical factors behind the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and no currently available therapy can efficiently inhibit pDCs' aberrant activation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess stromal immunomodulatory functionality, regulating immune cell activation through several mechanisms, including the adenosinergic (CD39/CD73/adenosine) pathway. The IFN-γ preconditioning of bone marrow MSCs improves their inhibitory properties for therapy applications; however, isolating human gingival tissue-derived MSCs (hGMSCs) is more accessible. These cells have shown better immunomodulatory effects, yet the outcome of IFN-γ preconditioning and its impact on the adenosinergic pathway has not been evaluated. This study first validated the immunoregulatory properties of primary-cultured hGMSCs, and the results showed that IFN-γ preconditioning strengthens CD39/CD73 coexpression, adenosine production, and the regulatory properties of hGMSC, which were confirmed by describing for the first time their ability to reduce pDC activation and their IFN-α secretion and to increase the frequency of CD73+ pDC. In addition, when CD73's enzymatic activity was neutralized in hGMSCs, adenosine production and the IFN-γ preconditioning effect were restrained. This evidence might be applied to design hGMSCs- and adenosine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for treating inflammatory disorders that are associated with pDC overactivation.
Topics: Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Dendritic Cells; Adenosine; Interferon-gamma; Gingiva; 5'-Nucleotidase; Cells, Cultured; Apyrase; GPI-Linked Proteins
PubMed: 38927060
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060658 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of a calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) and of a glass ionomer cement (GIC: Fuji IX) on artificially... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of a calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) and of a glass ionomer cement (GIC: Fuji IX) on artificially demineralized dentin.
METHODS
Four standard cavities were prepared in dentin discs prepared from 34 extracted sound human third molars. In each disc, one cavity was covered with an acid-resistant varnish before demineralization (Group 1). The specimens were soaked in a chemical demineralization solution for 96 h to induce artificial carious lesions. Thereafter, one cavity each was filled with Biodentine (Group 2) and GIC (Group 3), respectively, and one carious lesion was left unrestored as a negative control (Group 4). Next, specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. After cross-sectioning the specimens, the Ca/P ratio was calculated in each specimen by using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Finally, data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS
Both cement types induced dentin remineralization as compared to Group 4. The Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 3 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The dentin lesion remineralization capability of Biodentine is higher than that of GIC, suggesting the usefulness of the former as a bioactive dentin replacement material.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Biodentine has a higher remineralization ability than that of GIC for carious dentin, and its interfacial properties make it a promising bioactive dentin restorative material.
Topics: Calcium Compounds; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Silicates; Dentin; Tooth Remineralization; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Calcium; Materials Testing; Dental Caries; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38926776
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04475-4 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL)...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiographs.
METHODS
The mesial root concavity of maxillary premolar teeth was analysed via CBCT. The sex and age of the patients, starting position and depth of the root concavity, apicocoronal length of the concavity on the crown or root starting from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), total apicocoronal length of the concavity, amount of bone loss both in CBCT images and panoramic radiographs, location of the furcation, length of the buccal and palatinal roots, and buccopalatinal cervical root width were measured.
RESULTS
A total of 610 patients' CBCT images were examined, and 100 were included in the study. The total number of upper premolar teeth was 200. The patients were aged between 18 and 65 years, with a mean age of 45.21 ± 13.13 years. All the teeth in the study presented mesial root concavity (100%, n = 200). The starting point of concavity was mostly on the cervical third of the root (58.5%). The mean depth and buccolingual length measurements were 0.96 mm and 4.32 mm, respectively. Depth was significantly related to the amount of alveolar bone loss (F = 5.834, p = 0.001). The highest average concavity depth was 1.29 mm in the group with 50% bone loss. The data indicated a significant relationship between the location of the furcation and bone loss (X = 25.215, p = 0.003). Bone loss exceeded 50% in 100% of patients in whom the furcation was in the cervical third and in only 9.5% of patients in whom the furcation was in the apical third (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, the depth of the mesial root concavity and the coronal position of the furcation may increase the amount of alveolar bone loss. Clinicians should be aware of these anatomical factors to ensure accurate treatment planning and successful patient management.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Male; Female; Alveolar Bone Loss; Tooth Root; Adult; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Maxilla; Aged; Young Adult; Radiography, Panoramic; Tooth Cervix
PubMed: 38926720
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04494-1 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering, but the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in...
BACKGROUND
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering, but the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in periodontal tissues inhibits the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Our previous studies demonstrated that TAZ is a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, but whether TAZ can protect hPDLSCs from LPS is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of TAZ on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in an LPS-induced inflammatory model, and to preliminarily reveal the molecular mechanisms related to the NF-κB signaling pathway.
METHODS
LPS was added to the culture medium of hPDLSCs. The influence of LPS on hPDLSC proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assays. The effects of LPS on hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation were detected by Alizarin Red staining, ALP staining, Western Blot and qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenesis-related genes. The effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs with TAZ overexpressed or knocked down via lentivirus were analyzed. NF-κB signaling in hPDLSCs was analyzed by Western Blot and immunofluorescence.
RESULTS
LPS inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, inhibited TAZ expression, and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Overexpressing TAZ in hPDLSCs partly reversed the negative effects of LPS on osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway by LPS. TAZ knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of LPS on osteogenesis.
CONCLUSION
Overexpressing TAZ could partly reverse the inhibitory effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, possibly through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. TAZ is a potential target for improving hPDLSC-based periodontal tissue regeneration in inflammatory environments.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Lipopolysaccharides; Osteogenesis; NF-kappa B; Cell Differentiation; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Transcription Factors; Cells, Cultured; Cell Proliferation; Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins; Blotting, Western
PubMed: 38926705
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04497-y -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract...
The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract (nHAEA) loaded with metronidazole (nHAEA@MTZ) was synthesized and evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro model of pulpitis. nHAEA was synthesized through sol-gel method and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller. Inflammation in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) induced by LPS. A scratch test assessed cell migration, RT PCR measured cytokines levels, and Alizarin red staining quantified odontogenesis. The nHAEA nanorods were 17-23 nm wide and 93-146 nm length, with an average pore diameter of 27/312 nm, and a surface area of 210.89 m/g. MTZ loading content with controlled release, suggesting suitability for therapeutic applications. nHAEA@MTZ did not affect the odontogenic abilities of HDPSCs more than nHAEA. However, it was observed that nHAEA@MTZ demonstrated a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. HDPSCs treated with nanoparticles exhibited improved migration compared to other groups. These findings demonstrated that nHAEA@MTZ could be an effective material for pulp capping and may be more effective than nHAEA in reducing inflammation and activating HDPSCs to enhance pulp repair after pulp damage.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Humans; Pulpitis; Metronidazole; Dental Pulp; Durapatite; Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Drug Carriers; Stem Cells; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38926433
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65582-4 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jun 2024Occlusal overload can cause late implant loss. However, whether the magnitude of the occlusal force is a risk factor for late implant loss remains unclear. Thus, this...
PURPOSE
Occlusal overload can cause late implant loss. However, whether the magnitude of the occlusal force is a risk factor for late implant loss remains unclear. Thus, this clinical study aimed to determine the relationship between the gonial angle (GoA), which is associated with the magnitude of occlusal force, and late implant loss.
METHODS
All implants with fixed prostheses placed at the Niigata University Hospital between April 2006 and August 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The implants with and without late loss were compared. Relevant variables, including smoking habits, diabetes mellitus status, remaining dentition, implant length and diameter, prosthesis design, retention systems, splinting, and GoA were assessed. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and to calculate the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for late implant loss.
RESULTS
A total of 919 patients (349 men and 570 women) with 2512 implants were included in this study. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that a 10° decrease in the GoA (aHR, 1.588; 95% CI, 1.115-1.766; P = 0.010), smoking habits (aHR, 3.909; 95% CI, 2.131-7.168; P < 0.001), and male sex (aHR, 2.584; 95% CI, 1.376-4.850; P = 0.003) were significantly associated with late implant loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this retrospective study of 2512 implants, smaller GoA, smoking habits, and male sex were risk factors for late implant loss.
PubMed: 38925984
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_23_00267 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2024This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes...
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Orthodontic patients receiving treatment at a dental school were selected through convenience sampling. Intra-oral photographs were used to assess DDE, which were classified according to the criteria proposed by Ghanim et al. (2015) by a single calibrated examiner (Kappa>0.80). Enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), hypomimineralized second primary molar (HSPM), and non-MIH/HSPM demarcated opacities were considered for the analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells. The SNPs in VDR (rs7975232) and PHT (rs694, rs6256, and rs307247) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using the PLINK software (version 1.03, designed by Shaun Purcell, EUA). Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. Ninety-one (n=91) patients (49 females and 42 males) (mean age of 14.1±5.8 years) were included. The frequency of DDE was 38.5% (35 patients). Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant statistical association was found between DDE and the SNPs evaluated. A borderline association (p=0.09) was observed between DDE and the CC haplotype for SNP rs7975232 in VDR. In conclusion, the selected SNPs in VDR and PTH genes were not associated with DDE in the studied samples.
Topics: Humans; Receptors, Calcitriol; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Child; Adolescent; Dental Enamel; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Genotype
PubMed: 38922252
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405900 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2024This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) using confocal laser scanning microscopy...
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and dentin organic matrix alteration by picrosirius staining and light microscopy (LM). Samples of human extracted teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis by centrifugation of the bacterial suspension and were treated with Ca(OCl)2 or NaOCl at 0.5%, 2.5%, and 6% for 15, 30, and 60 seconds. CLSM and viability staining were used to quantitatively analyze the proportions of dead/live bacteria in the canal lumen and border of the root canal. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher test. For LM analysis, one hundred bovine teeth were randomly divided into 10 test groups (n=10): G1- Without treatment; G2- 17% EDTA; G3- 6% NaOCl; G4- 6% NaOCl + EDTA; G5- 0.5% Ca(OCl)2; G6- 0.5% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA; G7- 2.5% Ca(OCl)2; G8- 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA; G9- 6% Ca(OCl)2; G10- 6% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA. The samples were fragmented and stained with Picrosirius. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (P<0.05). There was a strong correlation between the results of the canal lumen and the border of the root canal (r=0.962). Both hypochlorites at a concentration of 0.5% showed less microbial reduction compared to 2.5% and 6% (P<0.05). There was less antimicrobial activity at 15 seconds compared to 30 and 60 seconds (P<0.05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl showed similar results at the same concentrations (P>0.05). In conclusion, Ca(OCl)2 caused fewer alterations to the dentin organic matrix at concentrations of 0.5% and 2.5%. Ca(OCl)2 presents antimicrobial activity similar to NaOCl, and collagen damage is concentration-dependent.
Topics: Sodium Hypochlorite; Dentin; Calcium Compounds; Enterococcus faecalis; Collagen; Humans; Anti-Infective Agents; Root Canal Irrigants; Cattle; Microscopy, Confocal; Animals; Dental Pulp Cavity; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 38922251
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405771