-
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Surfactant is a surface-active substance that, in addition to its detergent effect, also has effects that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. Because of these effects, it...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Surfactant is a surface-active substance that, in addition to its detergent effect, also has effects that reduce inflammation and fibrosis. Because of these effects, it was aimed herein to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal surfactant application on preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation in a uterine horn adhesion model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (G1-G3), as follows: G1 (n = 7): control group. The abdomen was opened and then closed; G2 (n = 7): adhesion group. The abdomen was opened. Then, a 2-cm linear incision was made over the right uterine horn, 2 mL of isotonic saline was administered intraperitoneally, and the abdomen was closed; and G3 (n = 7): treatment group. The abdomen was opened, a 2-cm linear incision was made over the right uterine horn, 2 mL (70 mg/kg) of surfactant was administered intraperitoneally, and the abdomen was closed. After 15 days, the rats were euthanized, the abdomens were reopened, and adhesion scoring was performed. After the right uterine horns were removed and fixed with 10% formalin, appropriate sections were taken from the traumatized tissue, stained with Masson's trichrome, and fibrosis and inflammation scoring were performed.
RESULTS
The adhesion area and intensity were significantly higher in G2 than in G1 and G3 (p = 0.001) and were similar in G1 and G3 (p = 0.165). While fibrosis and inflammation were significantly higher in G2 than in G1 and G3 (p = 0.001), there was no difference between G1 and G3 (p = 0.5).
CONCLUSION
Intraperitoneal surfactant administration at a dose of 70 mg/kg was found to be effective in preventing intraabdominal adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model.
Topics: Animals; Tissue Adhesions; Rats, Wistar; Female; Surface-Active Agents; Rats; Postoperative Complications; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Uterus; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38813488
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5752 -
Heliyon May 2024Oat is a dual-purpose crop used for both food and feed for animals. The objective of this work is to characterize oat varieties for their genetic diversity in yield,...
Oat is a dual-purpose crop used for both food and feed for animals. The objective of this work is to characterize oat varieties for their genetic diversity in yield, physical traits, and nutritional composition, aiming to identify potential parent varieties for breeding programs to develop new oat varieties for improved livestock feed and diverse industrial applications. To conduct, chemical analysis for protein and carbohydare fractions, energy and digestible nutrient estimated, stastical analyses performed to assess genetic variations for traits among vaieties. Significant genetic variation ( < 0.05) for grain yield, grain density, sieving percentage, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, neutral and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen were observed in grains of eight oat varieties. All protein fractions exhibited significant differences ( < 0.05). Total carbohydrate content ranged significantly ( < 0.05) from 73 % to 79 %. The grains contained higher levels of intermediately degradable starch and pectin (54.12-60.16 %) compared to the slowly degradable cell wall (26-33 %), lignin bounded cell wall (6-10 %), and rapidly degradable sugars (2-8%). Significant variation ( < 0.05) was observed in terms of gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy for maintenance and lactation about (2 Mcal/kg dry matter), gain (1.6-1.8 Mcal/kg dry matter), total digestible nutrients, digestible dry matter, rumen degradable protein, and total digestible nutrients related to crude protein, fatty acid, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrate. Organic matter and ether extract were positively associated ( < 0.01) with total digestible nutrients, digestible and metabolizable energy, dry matter digestible and truly digestible non fibrous cabohydrates, while neutral and acid detergent fiber and cellulose showed negative correlation. The research shows that oat varieties vary widely in their yield, physical features, and nutritional content, offering potential for breeding better varieties for both animal feed and industrial uses.
PubMed: 38813156
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31541 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024This study investigated the effects of β-alanine (β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and...
Impact of dietary supplementation with β-alanine on the rumen microbial crude protein supply, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in beef steers elucidated through sequencing the rumen bacterial community.
This study investigated the effects of β-alanine (β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and rumen bacterial communities in beef steers. Six steers with initial liveweight of 252.8 ± 5.2 kg and 3 treatments of supplementing with 0, 30, or 60 g β-Ala per day to basal diet were allocated in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period was 20 d, of which the first 15 d were for adaptation and the subsequent 5 d were for sampling. The results showed that β-Ala linearly increased the ruminal concentration of microbial crude protein (MCP) ( = 0.005), but it did not affect the ruminal concentrations of ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids ( > 0.10). β-Ala also linearly increased the dry matter (DM) ( = 0.009), organic matter (OM) ( = 0.017) and crude protein (CP) ( = 0.043) digestibility, tended to decrease the acid detergent fiber digestibility ( = 0.077), but it did not affect the neutral detergent fiber digestibility ( = 0.641). β-Ala quadratically increased the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota ( = 0.021) at the phylum level, and increased ( = 0.028) and ( = 0.014), and decreased the relative abundance of ( = 0.009) at the genus level. Feeding steers with β-Ala linearly increased the urinary N ( = 0.006), urea excretions ( = 0.002) and the N retention ( = 0.004), but it did not affect the N utilization efficiency ( = 0.120). β-Ala quadratically increased the plasma concentration of the total antioxidant capacity ( = 0.011) and linearly increased the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 ( < 0.001). In summary, dietary supplementation with β-Ala improved the rumen MCP supply and increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and the N retention. Further research is necessary to verify the ruminal degradability of β-Ala and to investigate the mechanism of the impact of absorbed β-Ala on the anti-oxidative ability in steers.
PubMed: 38808018
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.02.006 -
PloS One 2024In this investigation, we explore the harnessing of bamboo shoot residues (BSR) as a viable source for ruminant feed through fungal treatment, with the overarching...
In this investigation, we explore the harnessing of bamboo shoot residues (BSR) as a viable source for ruminant feed through fungal treatment, with the overarching objective of elevating feed quality and optimizing bamboo shoot utilization. The white-rot fungi (Wr.fungi), Aspergillus niger (A.niger), and its co-cultures (A.niger&Wr.fungi) were employed to ferment BSR. And the impact of different fermentation methods and culture time on the chemical composition (Crude protein Ash, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibers), enzyme activity (Cellulase, Laccase, Filter paperase and Lignin peroxidase activities), and rumen digestibility in vitro were assessed. The findings reveal a nota ble 30.39% increase in crude protein in fermented BSR, accompanied by respective decreases of 13.02% and 17.31% in acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fibre content. Enzyme activities experienced augmentation post-fermentation with A.niger&Wr.fungi. Specifically, the peak Cellulase, Laccase, and Lignin peroxidase activities for BSR with Wr.fungi treatment reached 748.4 U/g, 156.92 U/g, and 291.61 U/g, respectively, on the sixth day of fermentation. Concurrently, NH3-N concentration exhibited an upward trend with prolonged fermentation time. Total volatile fatty acids registered a decline, and the Acetate/Propionate ratio reached its nadir after 6 days of fermentation under the A.niger&Wr.fungi treatment. These outcomes furnish a theoretical foundation for the development of ruminant feeds treated via fungal co-culture.
Topics: Animals; Animal Feed; Fermentation; Ruminants; Aspergillus niger; Plant Shoots; Rumen; Fungi
PubMed: 38805421
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302185 -
Methods and Protocols May 2024DNA impurities can impact the safety of genetically engineered pharmaceuticals; thus, a specific limit value must be set for them during marketing authorisation. This...
DNA impurities can impact the safety of genetically engineered pharmaceuticals; thus, a specific limit value must be set for them during marketing authorisation. This particularly applies to mRNA vaccines, as large quantities of DNA templates are used for their production. Furthermore, when quantifying the total DNA content in the final product, we must observe that, in addition to the mRNA active ingredient, DNA impurities are also encased in lipid nanoparticles and are therefore difficult to quantify. In fact, the manufacturer of the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer) only measures DNA impurities in the active substance by means of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whose DNA target sequence is less than just 1% of the originally added DNA template. This means that no direct DNA quantification takes place, and compliance with the limit value for DNA contamination is only estimated from the qPCR data using mathematical extrapolation methods. However, it is also possible to dissolve the lipid nanoparticles with a detergent to directly measure DNA contamination in the final product by using fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Experimental testing of this approach confirms that reliable values can be obtained in this way.
PubMed: 38804335
DOI: 10.3390/mps7030041 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024For the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate (starch, neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and...
For the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate (starch, neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and host energy utilization. However, the relationships among diet, lactation performance, and methane emissions need to be further determined to assist dairy farms to adjust diet formulations and feeding strategies for environmental and production management. A meta-analysis was conducted in the current study to explore quantitative patterns of dietary fat and carbohydrate at different levels in balancing lactation performance and environment sustainability of dairy cows, and to establish a methane emission prediction model using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the regression relationship between dietary fat, carbohydrate and methane emissions could be shown by the following models: methane = 106.78 + (14.86 × DMI), = 0.80; methane = 443.17 - (46.41 × starch/NDF), = 0.76; and methane = 388.91 + (31.40 × fat) - (5.42 × fat), = 0.80. The regression relationships between dietary fat, carbohydrate and lactation performance could be shown by the following models: milk fat yield = 1.08 + (0.43 × starch/NDF) - [0.34 × (starch/NDF)], = 0.79; milk protein yield = 0.68 + (0.15 × fat) - (0.016 × fat), = 0.82. In the structural equation model, we found that when formulating dietary carbohydrates and fats, it was necessary to balance the relationship between methane emissions and lactation performance. Specifically, dietary starch/NDF was lower than 0.63 (extremum point) and dietary fat was between 2.89% and 4.69% (extremum point), it could ensure that the aim of methane emission reduction (methane emissions decrease with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat) was achieved without losing lactation performance of dairy cows (lactation performance increase with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat). Finally, we established the ANN model to predict methane emissions (training set: = 0.62; validation set: = 0.61).
PubMed: 38800741
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.02.004 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to...
Effects of the level and source of dietary physically effective fiber on feed intake, nutrient utilization, heat energy, ruminal fermentation, and milk production by Alpine goats.
Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to mid-lactation for 16 wk. Diets consisted of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% forage (designated as 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively) with 60F and 70F containing coarsely ground grass hay (primarily orchardgrass) and 40F and 50F containing cottonseed hulls, alfalfa pellets, and coarsely ground wheat hay. Diets contained 15.9% to 16.3% crude protein and 37.8%, 42.1%, 53.5%, and 55.4% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with 10.0%, 15.8%, 50.1%, and 55.5% particle retention on a 19-mm sieve, and 26.1%, 29.6%, 38.3%, and 40.0% physically effective NDF (peNDF) for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively. Dry matter intake (2.71, 2.75, 1.96, and 1.95 kg/d) and milk yield (2.82, 2.71, 2.23, and 2.10 kg/d for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively) were lower ( < 0.05) for the two diets highest in forage. Digestion of organic matter was similar among diets ( 0.05), but digestibility of NDF was greater ( < 0.05) for 60F and 70F (57.5%, 58.4%, 68.9%, and 72.2% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively). Diet affected ( < 0.05) milk fat (3.16%, 3.37%, 2.93%, and 2.97%) and protein concentrations (2.62%, 2.69%, 2.58%, and 2.52% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively). Milk energy yield was greater ( < 0.05) for the two diets lowest in forage (7.51, 7.45, 5.68, and 5.34 MJ/d), although yield relative to dry matter intake was not affected ( > 0.05) by diet and was lower ( < 0.05) for primiparous vs. multiparous goats (2.71 and 3.09 MJ/kg). Ruminal pH and acetate proportion were greater for 60F and 70F than for the other diets and the proportion of butyrate was lower for the two diets highest in fiber. The mean lengths of time spent ruminating, eating, standing, and lying were not affected ( > 0.05) by diet or parity, but many interactions involving diet, period, hour, and parity were significant ( < 0.05). In conclusion, lactational performance of Alpine goats in early to mid-lactation will be constrained with diets high in forage of moderate quality, peNDF content, and large particle size, which appeared related to limited feed intake.
PubMed: 38800737
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.02.002 -
Translational Animal Science 2024Two separate cross-over experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of incorporating wheat middlings into wet corn distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on...
Effect of wheat middling incorporation into wet corn distillers grains with solubles on apparent diet digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics in growing and finishing diets.
Two separate cross-over experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of incorporating wheat middlings into wet corn distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on apparent diet digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics in growing and finishing diets. In experiment 1, four ruminally cannulated heifers (313 ± 42.9 kg) were limit fed a high-energy growing diet that included WDGS (CON) or WDGS + wheat middlings (CON + WM) at 40% of diet dry matter (DM). The diet also contained (DM basis) 39.5% dry-rolled corn, 7.5% supplement, and 13% warm-season grass hay. In experiment 2, four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (321 ± 17.4 kg) were fed a finishing diet that included WDGS (CON) or WDGS + wheat middlings (CON + WM) at 30% of diet DM. The diet also contained (DM basis) 60.3% dry-rolled corn, 2.7% supplement, and 7.0% warm-season grass hay. Experiments consisted of two 15-d periods that were conducted concurrently. Each period included 10 d of diet adaptation, 4 d of fecal collection, and 1 d of ruminal fluid collection. Fecal samples were collected on days 11 to 14 of each period and composite samples were analyzed for chromium to estimate apparent diet digestibility. On day 15, ruminal fluid samples were collected prior to feeding and again at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24-h post-feeding. In experiment 1, DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake did not differ ( ≥ 0.11) between diets; however, starch intake was greater ( = 0.03) for heifers fed CON + WM compared with CON. Apparent DM, OM, NDF, and starch digestibilities were similar between diets ( ≥ 0.13), but feeding CON + WM tended to lead to lesser ( = 0.06) apparent ADF digestibility. Ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations did not differ between diets ( ≥ 0.16); however, ruminal ammonia concentrations tended to be less ( = 0.09) for CON + WM compared with CON. In experiment 2, DM intake did not differ ( = 0.65) between diets. Apparent DM digestibility was greater ( = 0.01) for CON + WM compared with CON but the difference was small. Intake and apparent digestibility of OM, NDF, ADF, and starch did not differ ( ≥ 0.25) between diets. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were lesser ( = 0.03) while ruminal pH was greater ( = 0.02) for CON + WM compared with CON. Overall, incorporation of wheat middlings into WDGS had minimal impacts on feed intake, apparent diet digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics when fed to growing and finishing cattle.
PubMed: 38800104
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae083 -
MethodsX Jun 2024Surfactants are indispensable in industrial applications today due to their wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, cleansing, and detergent properties. The use of surfactants...
Surfactants are indispensable in industrial applications today due to their wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, cleansing, and detergent properties. The use of surfactants extends from the cosmetic industry to the petroleum industry and beyond. Their characteristics and effectiveness can be assessed through various standardized tests, and based on these methods, their applications can be determined. However, there is a lack of a universally applicable testing method for one crucial and complex property: the detergent effect. The detergent effect refers to the removal of unwanted contaminants from a solid surface. However, cleaning is not solely attributed to the surfactant but to the appropriate combination of various factors, whose synergistic effect reduces surface contamination. The most significant factors influencing detergent effect include the characteristics and nature of the contaminants, properties of the cleaning solution (surfactant concentration and composition, water hardness, enzymes, etc.), temperature, washing time, and hydrodynamic conditions. Additionally, the presence of electrolytes, pH of the cleaning solution, and detergent foaming properties may also play important roles. Our goal was to develop a detergent effect testing methodology that is not specific to any particular application domain but offers a straightforward and easy-to-implement solution for comparing the detergent effect of various types of surfactants.•The study presents a method for determining detergent effect of surfactants.•The method is universal and suitable for the evaluation of any type of surfactant.•The method is low-cost and easy to perform.
PubMed: 38799038
DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102755 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Every year, new compounds contained in consumer products, such as detergents, paints, products for personal hygiene, and drugs for human and veterinary use, are...
Every year, new compounds contained in consumer products, such as detergents, paints, products for personal hygiene, and drugs for human and veterinary use, are identified in wastewater and are added to the list of molecules that need monitoring. These compounds are indicated with the term emerging contaminants (or Contaminants of Emerging Concern, CECs) since they are potentially dangerous for the environment and human health. To date, among the most widely used methodologies for the removal of CECs from the aquatic environment, adsorption processes play a role of primary importance, as they have proven to be characterized by high removal efficiency, low operating and management costs, and an absence of undesirable by-products. In this paper, the adsorption of ibuprofen (IBU), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used for treating inflammation or pain, was performed for the first time using two different types of geopolymer-based materials, i.e., a metakaolin-based (GMK) and an organic-inorganic hybrid (GMK-S) geopolymer. The proposed adsorbing matrices are characterized by a low environmental footprint and have been easily obtained as powders or as highly porous filters by direct foaming operated directly into the adsorption column. Preliminary results demonstrated that these materials can be effectively used for the removal of ibuprofen from contaminated water (showing a concentration decrease of IBU up to about 29% in batch, while an IBU removal percentage of about 90% has been reached in continuous), thus suggesting their potential practical application.
Topics: Ibuprofen; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Adsorption; Water Purification; Polymers; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Wastewater; Kaolin
PubMed: 38792071
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102210