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Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, an important treatment with...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, an important treatment with proven efficacy, the morbidity and mortality rates remain high. The aim of this study was to neurodevelopmentally evaluate patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Included herein were patients who underwent hypothermia between 2018 and 2020. Their medical files were reviewed retrospectively, and their demographic and clinical information was recorded. Patients whose contact information was available were called to the developmental pediatrics outpatient clinic for a neurodevelopmental evaluation. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) was used as the evaluation tool. Laboratory values and clinical parameters of the patients were further analyzed.
RESULTS
It was found that 42 patients underwent hypothermia in 3 years, of whom 14 (33.3%) had died. Of the 28 patients who were discharged, 20 children could be reached, and a neurodevelopmental evaluation was performed. Developmental delay in the cognitive area was detected in 11 (55%) patients, delay in the language area was found in 9 (45%) patients, and delay in the motor area was found in 11 (55%) patients. The correlation and regression analysis results determined that the time to start cooling was the most effective common factor in all 3 fields of scoring.
CONCLUSION
The time to start cooling is related to the neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with HIE. The earlier cooling is started, the better the neurodevelopmental results. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, the neurodevelopmental development of infants may be adversely affected. These patients should be followed-up neurodevelopmentally for a long time.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Hypothermia, Induced; Male; Female; Infant, Newborn; Retrospective Studies; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Infant; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities
PubMed: 38813516
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5748 -
Central-European Journal of Immunology 2024Flow cytometry immunophenotyping is a common laboratory technique for evaluating lymphocyte subpopulations. Its result remains an important diagnostic tool in various...
INTRODUCTION
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping is a common laboratory technique for evaluating lymphocyte subpopulations. Its result remains an important diagnostic tool in various medical fields. Cytometric tests are performed in many laboratories, making the comparability between different devices using the same method an important aspect. We aimed to compare the results of lymphocyte immunophenotyping (lymphocytes B, T, Th and Tc, NK cells) between two different flow cytometers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included 93 patients of the Children's Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw and 9 Multi-Check control results. The method of lymphocyte subpopulation assessment was based on fluorescent flow cytometry immunophenotyping, using a BD Multitest 6-color TBNK kit (Becton Dickinson). We compared BD FACSCanto II and BD FACSLyric analysers (Becton Dickinson). For data analysis, we used Spearman's rank correlation, Bland-Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression.
RESULTS
Spearman's rank correlation showed a strong interrelation for all analysed parameters (0.808-0.985). In the Passing-Bablok regression analysis, all examined parameters showed linear dependence with the slope values close to 1 (0.940-1.134). Bland-Altman coefficient values were within the range of 2.94-8.62% with half of them being above 5% (T, Tc, Th, B, NKT absolute values and B percentage values).
CONCLUSIONS
The results from both cytometers can be considered equivalent, but it should be noted that one of the statistical methods showed some deviations, presumably primarily due to the evaluators' different gating techniques. The training of specialists performing these tests requires more attention.
PubMed: 38812607
DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2024.135939 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2024Sleep has been known to affect childhood development. Sleep disturbance is likely more common in children with developmental delay (DD) than in typical development....
BACKGROUND
Sleep has been known to affect childhood development. Sleep disturbance is likely more common in children with developmental delay (DD) than in typical development. There are few studies on the correlation between sleep disturbance and developmental features in children with DD. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between the two in children with DD.
METHODS
A total of 45 children (age range 27.0 ± 11.1) with DD were recruited and evaluated using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III). The outcomes are expressed as means and standard deviations. The correlation between SDSC and BSID-III was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation test. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between BSID-III domains and SDSC questionnaire subscales. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
Based on the correlation analysis and subsequent hierarchical regression analysis, cognition and socio-emotional domains of BSID-III were significantly associated with the DOES subscale of the SDSC questionnaire. In addition, the expressive language domain of the BSID-III was found to be associated with the DA subscale of the SDSC questionnaire. It seems that excessive daytime sleepiness might negatively affect emotional and behavioral problems and cognitive function. Also, arousal disorders seem to be related to memory consolidation process, which is thought to affect language expression.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that DA and DOES subscales of the SDSC questionnaire were correlated with developmental aspects in preschool-aged children with DD. Sleep problems in children with DD can negatively affect their development, thereby interfering with the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Identifying and properly managing the modifiable factors of sleep problems is also crucial as a part of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. Therefore, we should pay more attention to sleep problems, even in preschool-aged children with DD.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Male; Female; Developmental Disabilities; Sleep Wake Disorders; Child Development; Cognition; Infant
PubMed: 38811876
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04857-1 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Time-stamped cross-sectional data, which lack linkage across time points, are commonly generated in single-cell transcriptional profiling. Many previous methods for...
Time-stamped cross-sectional data, which lack linkage across time points, are commonly generated in single-cell transcriptional profiling. Many previous methods for inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) driving cell-state transitions relied on constructing single-cell temporal ordering. Introducing COSLIR (COvariance restricted Sparse LInear Regression), we presented a direct approach to reconstructing GRNs that govern cell-state transitions, utilizing only the first and second moments of samples between two consecutive time points. Simulations validated COSLIR's perfect accuracy in the oracle case and demonstrated its robust performance in real-world scenarios. When applied to single-cell RT-PCR and RNAseq datasets in developmental biology, COSLIR competed favorably with existing methods. Notably, its running time remained nearly independent of the number of cells. Therefore, COSLIR emerges as a promising addition to GRN reconstruction methods under cell-state transitions, bypassing the single-cell temporal ordering to enhance accuracy and efficiency in single-cell transcriptional profiling.
Topics: Gene Regulatory Networks; Single-Cell Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Computational Biology; Algorithms
PubMed: 38811747
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62850-1 -
Health & Justice May 2024Adults living with HIV have disproportionately high chronic pain, prescription opioid use, history of substance use, and incarceration. While incarceration can have...
BACKGROUND
Adults living with HIV have disproportionately high chronic pain, prescription opioid use, history of substance use, and incarceration. While incarceration can have long-lasting health impacts, prior studies have not examined whether distant (>1 year prior) incarceration is associated with opioid use for chronic pain, or with opioid misuse or opioid use disorder among people living with HIV and chronic pain.
METHODS
We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of adults living with HIV and chronic pain. The independent variables were any distant incarceration and drug-related distant incarceration (both dichotomous). Dependent variables were current long-term opioid therapy, current opioid misuse, and current opioid use disorder. A series of multivariate logistic regression models were conducted, adjusting for covariates.
RESULTS
In a cohort of 148 participants, neither distant incarceration nor drug-related incarceration history were associated with current long-term opioid therapy. Distant incarceration was associated with current opioid misuse (AOR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.41-7.61) and current opioid use disorder (AOR 4.40; 95% CI: 1.54-12.56). Drug-related incarceration history was also associated with current opioid misuse (AOR 4.31; 95% CI: 1.53-12.17) and current opioid use disorder (AOR 7.28; 95% CI: 2.06-25.71).
CONCLUSIONS
The positive associations of distant incarceration with current opioid misuse and current opioid use disorder could indicate a persistent relationship between incarceration and substance use in people living with HIV and chronic pain. Additional research on opioid use among formerly incarcerated individuals in chronic pain treatment is needed.
PubMed: 38809296
DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00272-x -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024This investigation aimed to clarify the intricate relationship among depression, cognitive function, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and their combined influence...
AIMS
This investigation aimed to clarify the intricate relationship among depression, cognitive function, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and their combined influence on methamphetamine use disorder (MUD).
METHODS
Utilizing a battery of psychological tests, this study ascertained the impact of ACEs on the condition of 76 people with MUD who meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, aged 42.17 on average. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Conners' Continuous Performance-II (CPT-II), the self-report Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used for these evaluations. Individuals involved in the study were categorized into two discrete cohorts, mild (ME) and severe (SE), based on the extent of their ACEs exposure. This study employed the PROCESS regression, the independent t-test andχ2 tests for the analysis.
RESULTS
The findings revealed notable discrepancies in the psychological consequences between the two groups with different degrees of ACEs; however, no substantial differences were observed in the demographic parameters. The SE group exhibited elevated BDI-II scores, more evident indications of MUD, and a higher degree of CPT-II cognitive perseveration. The PROCESS model revealed that cognitive perseveration moderated the impact of depression on ACEs and subjective MUD severity, explaining 20.2% of the variance. The ACEs and depression predicted 28.6% of the variance in MUD symptoms. However, no statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups regarding the parameters in the IGT-2 assessment.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the interaction between cognitive and depressive factors mediates the effect of ACEs on subjective MUD severity but not on MUD symptoms. The ACEs significant impact on mental health severity perception is explained by cognitive and depressive factors. This implies that MUD treatment and rehabilitation should address cognitive dysfunction and developmental trauma.
PubMed: 38807693
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1382646 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Growing evidence associates air pollution exposure with various psychiatric disorders. However, the importance of early-life (eg, prenatal) air pollution exposure to...
IMPORTANCE
Growing evidence associates air pollution exposure with various psychiatric disorders. However, the importance of early-life (eg, prenatal) air pollution exposure to mental health during youth is poorly understood, and few longitudinal studies have investigated the association of noise pollution with youth mental health.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the longitudinal associations of air and noise pollution exposure in pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence with psychotic experiences, depression, and anxiety in youths from ages 13 to 24 years.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, an ongoing longitudinal birth cohort founded in 1991 through 1993 in Southwest England, United Kingdom. The cohort includes over 14 000 infants with due dates between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, who were subsequently followed up into adulthood. Data were analyzed October 29, 2021, to March 11, 2024.
EXPOSURES
A novel linkage (completed in 2020) was performed to link high-resolution (100 m2) estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter under 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and noise pollution to home addresses from pregnancy to 12 years of age.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Psychotic experiences, depression, and anxiety were measured at ages 13, 18, and 24 years. Logistic regression models controlled for key individual-, family-, and area-level confounders.
RESULTS
This cohort study included 9065 participants who had any mental health data, of whom (with sample size varying by parameter) 51.4% (4657 of 9051) were female, 19.5% (1544 of 7910) reported psychotic experiences, 11.4% (947 of 8344) reported depression, and 9.7% (811 of 8398) reported anxiety. Mean (SD) age at follow-up was 24.5 (0.8) years. After covariate adjustment, IQR increases (0.72 μg/m3) in PM2.5 levels during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]; P = .002) and during childhood (AOR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.00-1.10]; P = .04) were associated with elevated odds for psychotic experiences. Pregnancy PM2.5 exposure was also associated with depression (AOR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02-1.18]; P = .01). Higher noise pollution exposure in childhood (AOR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03-1.38]; P = .02) and adolescence (AOR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.45]; P = .03) was associated with elevated odds for anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this longitudinal cohort study, early-life air and noise pollution exposure were prospectively associated with 3 common mental health problems from adolescence to young adulthood. There was a degree of specificity in terms of pollutant-timing-outcome associations. Interventions to reduce air and noise pollution exposure (eg, clean air zones) could potentially improve population mental health. Replication using quasi-experimental designs is now needed to shed further light on the underlying causes of these associations.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Male; Young Adult; Air Pollution; Longitudinal Studies; Environmental Exposure; Pregnancy; Noise; Anxiety; Depression; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Mental Health; Particulate Matter; England; Child; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38805229
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12169 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Previous studies have revealed the sex-specific features of pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) actions and the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) in children and...
Sex-specific associations between the developmental alterations in the pituitary-thyroid hormone axis and thyroid nodules in Chinese euthyroid adults: a community-based cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have revealed the sex-specific features of pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) actions and the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) in children and adolescents. However, it was unclear in adults. We aimed to investigate the features of pituitary-TH actions in women and men at different ages, and the associations of thyrotropin (TSH), THs, and central sensitivity to THs indices including the thyroid feedback quantile-based index by FT4 (TFQI) and the thyroid feedback quantile-based index by FT3(TFQI) with of TNs in Chinese euthyroid adults.
METHODS
8771 euthyroid adults from the communities in China were involved. Demographic, behavioral, and anthropometric data were gathered through the questionnaires. Ultrasound was performed to evaluate the TNs. TSH and THs levels were measured. The multivariable logistic regression and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were conducted.
RESULTS
TFQI among both genders, except women aged 43 to 59 years, where it increased slightly. Additionally, there was an age-related decline in TFQI levels in both women and men at ages < 50 and < 53, respectively, but a marked increase after that. Lower TSH levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence and lower odds of having fewer TNs using multiple nodules as the base category in both men and women (both for trend < 0.05). Additionally, lower TFQI and TFQI levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of TNs in women (both for trend < 0.05), and lower TFQI levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of TNs in men. Both higher TFQI and TFQI levels were significantly associated with higher odds of having fewer TNs using multiple nodules as the base category in women. However, the relationships between TFQI and the prevalence or number of TNs in men were not found.
CONCLUSIONS
The trends of THs, TSH, TFQI, and TFQI at different ages were sex-dependent. Both TFQI and TFQI levels were negatively associated with the prevalence and number of TNs in women. The present results may lead to a better understanding of the sex-specific relationships between the development of the pituitary-TH axis and the formation of TNs.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Thyroid Nodule; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; China; Thyroid Hormones; Pituitary Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroid Gland; Aged; Sex Factors; Young Adult; Prevalence; Sex Characteristics; East Asian People
PubMed: 38800483
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1379103 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Youth unmet behavioral health needs are at public health crisis status and have worsened since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (Covid-19). Integrating...
OBJECTIVE
Youth unmet behavioral health needs are at public health crisis status and have worsened since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (Covid-19). Integrating behavioral health services into pediatric primary care has shown efficacy in addressing youth behavioral health needs. However, there is limited guidance on facilitating equitable access to care in this setting, including in triaging access to co-located services (i.e., onsite outpatient behavioral health services with only the behavioral health provider) or to specialty behavioral health services in other clinics within larger health systems.
METHODS
A retrospective, comparative study was conducted to examine variability in access to co-located and specialty behavioral health (SBH) services for a pre-Covid-19 cohort (April 2019 to March 2020; = 367) and a mid-Covid-19 cohort (April 2020 to March 2021; = 328), while accounting for integrated primary care consultation services. The sample included children 1-18 years old served through a large, inner-city primary care clinic. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between scheduled and attended co-located and SBH visits, pre- and mid-Covid-19 effects, and sociodemographic factors of race and ethnicity, language, health insurance (SES proxy), age, and sex.
RESULTS
The majority of youth were not directly scheduled for a co-located or SBH visit but the majority of those scheduled attended their visit(s). The odds of not being directly scheduled for a co-located or SBH visit were greater for the mid-Covid-19 cohort, Black youth, and older youth. Accounting for integrated primary care consultation visits addressed these disparities, with the exception of persisting significant differences in scheduled and attended co-located and SBH visits for Black youth even while accounting for IPC consultation.
IMPLICATION
Findings from the current study highlight the effective role of integrated primary care consultation services as facilitating access to initial behavioral health services, especially given that referrals to integrated primary care co-located and SBH services within the larger health system often involve barriers to care such as longer wait-times and increased lack of referral follow through. Ongoing research and equitable program development are needed to further this work.
PubMed: 38800067
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356979 -
Heliyon May 2024Nurse perceptions of developmental care practices have been researched globally for almost 30 years. Yet, there is a lack of research exploring this subject in the...
BACKGROUND
Nurse perceptions of developmental care practices have been researched globally for almost 30 years. Yet, there is a lack of research exploring this subject in the specialised setting of the surgical neonatal intensive care unit (sNICU). This research explores the effect of developmental care education programs on sNICU nurses' perceptions of developmental care.
OBJECTIVE
To determine perceptions and attitudes towards developmental care in a specialty neonatal setting.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTINGS
Two surgical neonatal intensive care units in Australia.
PARTICIPANTS
Registered nurses permanently employed at the study sites between May 2021 to April 2022.
METHODS
A modified electronic survey explored sNICU nurse perceptions of developmental care organised around three themes: effects of developmental care on parents and infants, application of developmental care, and unit practices. Associations between site, nurse characteristics, developmental care education and nurses' perceptions were explored using logistic regression [odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI)].
RESULTS
Of 295 sNICU nurses, 117 (40 %) participated in the survey. Seventy-five percent of respondents had attended a formal developmental care education program. High levels of agreement (>90 %) were reported regarding the benefits of developmental care for parents and infants. Exposure to developmental care education influenced perceptions of its application. Nurses without formal developmental care education were more likely to agree that it was consistently applied [OR:3.3, 95%CI:1.3-8.6], developmental care skills are valued [OR:2.7, 95%CI:1.1-6.8], and that their nursing peers offered support in its application ([OR:2.5, 95%CI:1.1-6.2].
CONCLUSIONS
The results from our research suggest sNICU nurses have a high level of awareness of developmental care and its positive impacts. Despite differences between the surveyed units' developmental care education programs, the value of developmental care in reducing stress for infants and supporting families was collectively recognised. Future research in this setting should focus on evaluating the application of developmental care in this setting.
PubMed: 38799751
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30572