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PeerJ 2024Keloid is a chronic proliferative fibrotic disease caused by abnormal fibroblasts proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Numerous fibrotic...
BACKGROUND
Keloid is a chronic proliferative fibrotic disease caused by abnormal fibroblasts proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Numerous fibrotic disorders are significantly influenced by ferroptosis, and targeting ferroptosis can effectively mitigate fibrosis development. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in keloid development.
METHODS
Keloid tissues from keloid patients and normal skin tissues from healthy controls were collected. Iron content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, and the mRNA and protein expression of ferroptosis-related genes including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), transferrin receptor (TFRC), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined. Mitochondrial morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Keloid fibroblasts (KFs) were isolated from keloid tissues, and treated with ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (fer-1) or ferroptosis activator erastin. Iron content, ferroptosis-related marker levels, LPO level, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and mitochondrial morphology in KFs were detected. Furthermore, the protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen III were measured to investigate whether ferroptosis affect fibrosis in KFs.
RESULTS
We found that iron content and LPO level were substantially elevated in keloid tissues and KFs. SLC7A11, GPX4, and Nrf2 were downregulated and TFRC was upregulated in keloid tissues and KFs. Mitochondria in keloid tissues and KFs exhibited ferroptosis-related pathology. Fer-1 treatment reduced iron content, restrained ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in KFs, Moreover, ferrostatin-1 restrained the protein expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III in KFs. Whereas erastin treatment showed the opposite results.
CONCLUSION
Ferroptosis exists in keloid. Ferrostatin-1 restrained ECM deposition and fibrosis in keloid through inhibiting ferroptosis, and erastin induced ECM deposition and fibrosis through intensifying ferroptosis.
Topics: Humans; Ferroptosis; Keloid; Fibroblasts; Cyclohexylamines; Fibrosis; Phenylenediamines; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; Male; Lipid Peroxidation; Female; Adult; Iron; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Receptors, Transferrin; Piperazines; Actins; Mitochondria; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
PubMed: 38887622
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17551 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Dental caries is the world's most prevalent noncommunicable disease, disproportionately affecting children from low-income rural areas. This study assessed the...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is the world's most prevalent noncommunicable disease, disproportionately affecting children from low-income rural areas. This study assessed the effectiveness of using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for school-based caries prevention.
METHODS
The CariedAway 3.0 study was a cluster-randomized pragmatic non-inferiority trial comparing SDF to sealants and atraumatic restorations (ART) for the prevention and control of dental caries. All participants also received fluoride varnish. Analysis consisted of multilevel mixed-effects logistic and negative binomial regression for the prevalence and incidence of dental caries, respectively, and a non-inferiority margin of 10% for the difference between groups was used. Dental caries was defined as an ICDAS score of four or greater.
RESULTS
A total of 3345 children were enrolled in the trial, however there was a large proportion of children who were noncompliant and received external dental care. In adjusted analyses of compliant participants (n=1083, consisting of 543 in the SDF group and 540 in the sealant and ART group), there was no difference in the weighted risk difference between treatment groups (B=0.003, 95% CI = -0.0001, 0.0008). The odds of caries was elevated in the SDF group in longitudinal analyses (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.86, 2.11) but was not significant and was below the non-inferiority margin. There were no significant differences between groups for caries incidence in adjusted models (IRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.74). Results for intent to treat analyses were similar to that of per-protocol.
DISCUSSION
In this school-based clinical trial, the prevalence of dental caries in children treated with SDF and fluoride varnish was non-inferior compared to those treated with sealants, ART, and fluoride varnish, although the overall risk was slightly higher. Unfortunately, a high rate of dropout and participant noncompliance was observed, likely due to the impacts of COVID-19 on study procedures. As a result, observed effects may be unreliable beyond the short-term.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03448107.
PubMed: 38883737
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.24308499 -
ACS Omega Jun 2024Oligo(azomethine)s bearing phosphate and silane moieties were the subject of an investigation within this study. The initial stage involved the synthesis of two Schiff...
Oligo(azomethine)s bearing phosphate and silane moieties were the subject of an investigation within this study. The initial stage involved the synthesis of two Schiff base monomers, denoted as SCH-1 and SCH-2 (SCHs), each possessing a pair of hydroxyl functional groups. This was achieved through a loss of water between the aldehyde and diamine precursors. Subsequently, the Schiff base entities were subjected to oligomerization through HCl-mediated elimination due to the interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the Schiff bases and the chlorine moieties of dichlorodiethylsilane (Si) or phenyl dichlorophosphate (P). This procedure yielded distinct P-oligo(azomethine) (P1-P, P2-P) and Si-oligo(azomethine) (P1-Si and P2-Si) structures corresponding to each precursor. The molecular structures of the synthesized Schiff base monomers and oligo(azomethine)s were elucidated employing Fourier transform infrared, H NMR, and C NMR techniques. Thermal properties of the resulting products were assessed by utilizing thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG/DTA and DSC) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to acquire high-resolution images and detailed surface information on the samples. Additionally, X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the phase properties of the solid samples. Furthermore, the optical band gap ( ) values of the resulting P-oligo(azomethine)s and Si-oligo(azomethine)s were determined utilizing UV-vis spectrophotometer. The relatively low band gap values exhibited by the synthesized oligo(azomethine)s were indicative of their potential suitability as semiconductive materials in the realm of electronic and optoelectronic device fabrication. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements disclosed a green emission profile upon excitation by blue light. The oligo(azomethine)s incorporating methoxy groups demonstrated a red shift in comparison to their counterparts with methyl groups. Remarkably, no discernible fluctuations in fluorescence were observed over a 3600 s interval under consistent conditions. This observation underscored the inherent stability of the PL emission across the spectral range of exciting light. Thermal analyses unveiled high thermal stability of the synthesized oligo(azomethine)s, sustaining their structural integrity up to 220 °C. The char % of P-oligo(azomethine)s and Si-oligo(azomethine)s were observed to fall within the range of 29.45-55.47% at 1000 °C. SEM images revealed the absence of pores on the surface of P2-Si, which exhibited the highest limiting oxygen index and thermal heat release index ( ) values.
PubMed: 38882123
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01403 -
ACS Omega Jun 2024The synthesis of metal macrocycle complexes holds paramount importance in coordination and supramolecular chemistry. Toward this end, we report a new, mild, and...
The synthesis of metal macrocycle complexes holds paramount importance in coordination and supramolecular chemistry. Toward this end, we report a new, mild, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of cyclometalated macrocycle Ir(III) complexes: [Ir()](PF) (), [Ir()](PF) (), and [Ir()](PF) (), where presents 10,17-dioxa-3,6-diaza-2(2,8),7(8,2)-diquinolina-1,8(1,4)-dibenzenacyclooctadecaphane, is 10,13,16,19,22,25-hexaoxa-3,6-diaza-2(2,8),7(8,2)-diquinolina-1,8(1,4)-dibenzenacyclohexacosaphane, and is 4-methyl-10,13,16,19,22,25-hexaoxa-3,6-diaza-2(2,8),7(8,2)-diquinolina-1,8(1,4)-dibenzenacyclohexacosaphane. This synthesis involves the preassembly of two symmetric 2-phenylquinoline arms into C-shape complexes, followed by cyclization with diamine via in situ interligand C-N cross-coupling, employing a metal ion as a template. Moreover, the synthetic yield of these cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes, tethered by an 18-crown-6 ether-like chain, is significantly enhanced in the presence of K ion as a template. The resultant cyclometalated macrocycle Ir(III) complexes exhibit high stability, efficient singlet oxygen generation, and superior catalytic activity for the aerobic selective oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides under visible light irradiation in aqueous media at room temperature. The photocatalyst demonstrates recyclability and can be reused at least 10 times without a significant loss of catalytic activity. These results unveil a new and complementary approach to the design and in situ synthesis of cyclometalated macrocycle Ir(III) complexes via a mild interligand-coupling strategy.
PubMed: 38882114
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01111 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The black staining effect of silver-containing solutions for use to arrest caries can have a negative aesthetic impact on children and parents. This study aims to assess...
BACKGROUND
The black staining effect of silver-containing solutions for use to arrest caries can have a negative aesthetic impact on children and parents. This study aims to assess the staining effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride/Potassium Iodide (SDF/KI), SDF and Nanosilver Fluoride (NSF).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-four extracted carious primary molars were collected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 11). The carious tissue in all teeth was removed using a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent with an excavator. After caries removal in all groups, SDF, SDF/KI, and NSF were applied to the different groups, while no solution was applied to the control group. Subsequently, the teeth in all groups were restored with compomer. Color values L*, a* and b* were measured using a spectrophotometer at three time points: immediately after compomer restoration (T), one week later (T), and four week later (T). Changes in brightness (ΔL) and color (ΔE) over time were calculated and comparisons among groups were made.
RESULTS
The SDF solution induced statistically significant black staining (p = 0.013) and a decrease in L* value (p < 0.001) on the compomer material compared to the other groups over time.
CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that SDF/KI has the potential to reduce the black staining effect of SDF, though not entirely. Novel experimental solutions like NSF may offer an alternative to counteract the staining effect of SDF.
Topics: Silver Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Potassium Iodide; Humans; Fluorides, Topical; In Vitro Techniques; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous; Spectrophotometry; Molar
PubMed: 38880907
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04370-y -
PloS One 2024In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP)...
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP) mixed in two different forms, in removing the smear layer and promoting the penetration of an endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules of extracted single-rooted teeth.
METHODS
The study used 75 teeth divided into five groups: 17% EDTA, 10% CA, 9% HEDP + NaOCl, 9% HEDP + distilled water (DW), and a control (DW) group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess smear layer removal and confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate tubular sealer penetration at different depths from the apical tip.
RESULTS
Sealer penetration was highest with 17% EDTA and 10% CA as compared with the other agents (p<0.001). At the cervical third, the sealer penetration for EDTA, HEDP + NaOCl, and HEDP + DW groups were significantly different than those in DW (p = 0.020). For the middle third, EDTA, CA, and HEDP + NaOCl groups were significantly higher than those of the DW group (p<0.001). Cervical-level values were significantly higher than apical-level values for HEDP + NaOCl, HEDP + DW, and DW (p<0.001). Smear layer removal was lower with 9% HEDP + DW than with 17% EDTA and 10% CA at all depths (p<0.001). A significancy in smear layer removal was observed between 10% CA and control (p = 0.015) in middle depth.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, highest values were seen in EDTA and CA in terms of sealer penetration and smear layer removal. In the light of these findings, the use of strong chelating agents highlights better clinical efficiency than dual-rinse or single HEDP irrigation.
Topics: Humans; Chelating Agents; Root Canal Filling Materials; Edetic Acid; Smear Layer; Citric Acid; Root Canal Irrigants; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin
PubMed: 38875249
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303377 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024Children with special health care needs including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome experience difficulties in receiving dental treatment. Silver...
BACKGROUND
Children with special health care needs including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome experience difficulties in receiving dental treatment. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) are a minimally invasive treatments options to arrest dental caries without sedation; local or general anaesthesia (GA).
AIM
Evaluation of Brazilian's parents' acceptance of the use of SF in CSHCN.
METHODS
After receiving education on SF, 100 Parents of CSHCN completed a questionnaire concerning their acceptance of SF, in different dental situation.
RESULT
Majority of parents (74,5%) agreed to the use of SF for their children. SF was more acceptable on posterior teeth (74,5%) when compared to its use on anterior teeth (43,1%). Parents accepted to use SF in order: to reduce infection and pain (82,4%); to avoid dental injection (72,5%) and treatment under GA (84,3%). The Majority of parents accepted the properties of SF (82,4%) and Silver (80,4%).
CONCLUSION
Silver Fluoride was accepted as a treatment option for caries, by Brazilian parents of CSHCN. SF should be considered as a treatment option for caries limited to dentine for CSHCN, taking into consideration the individual needs and opinions with regard to aesthetics and exposure to fluoride and silver.
PubMed: 38872987
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1377949 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Dental caries is a worldwide disease affecting children and older populations. There are multiple interventions to treat dental caries that could be...
Introduction Dental caries is a worldwide disease affecting children and older populations. There are multiple interventions to treat dental caries that could be sometimes hard to deliver, due to the general status of patients such as insufficient cooperation or medically compromising conditions. Therefore, another alternative to control dental caries is being used and has been recently introduced and approved by the Saudi FDA which is silver diamine fluoride (SDF). Objectives This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the use of SDF among dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested, an online digitally designed questionnaire sent to 500 Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) registered dentists working in the following specialties: general practitioners, interns, restorative, family, pediatric, and public health dentists who are working in public and private hospitals and clinics. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the comparison of participants' knowledge and Practice with three variables (participants' specialty, place of work, and years of experience), while Chi-square was used for the comparison of respondent's attitudes about the use of SDF and the above same variables. Result A total of 265 responses were received (response rate is 53%). The majority of the respondents were general practitioners and interns 144 (54.3%). Over 50% of dentists believed that they were very informed about SDF. The mean score of knowledge and practices of SDF of participants was found below average 49.13 (19.81) and 43 (26.12), respectively. Correlation of the mean score knowledge and practicing SDF with the type of specialty showed that pediatric dentists had statically significant (P<0.05) higher mean of knowledge 66.94 (SD=17.64) and practicing of SDF 61.93 (22.12) as compared to other specialties, while no statistically significant differences were found among the groups in the overall knowledge and practices based on years of experience and workplace. Attitudes were correlated with the three above variables (specialty, years of experience, and place of work) and showed that pediatric dentists had the highest satisfaction with the results of SDF (85.3%) and were more willing to recommend using it to others (91.2%) as compared to the other groups(P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found with respect to the later variables. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that irrespective of the positive attitude of participants towards SDF, pediatric dentists were found to have higher knowledge and use SDF more than other dentists in different specialties. Furthermore, they showed higher satisfaction with its use. Years of experience and workplace had no effect on the level of knowledge or practice among participants.
PubMed: 38872691
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60245 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Using Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) may be an effective public health approach for managing dental caries in children. Parental acceptance of SDF has rarely been...
BACKGROUND
Using Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) may be an effective public health approach for managing dental caries in children. Parental acceptance of SDF has rarely been investigated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to evaluate parental acceptance of SDF to manage dental caries in children aged 2-12 in Iran and Tajikistan.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kurdistan province of Iran and Khatlon region of Tajikistan, 2022-2023. Parents watched a video about SDF and its weaknesses and strengths as compared to conventional approaches before completing the questionnaire. We also reported Prevalence Ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between parental acceptance and associated demographic factors as well as dental attitude and experience.
RESULTS
Participants were 245 and 160 parents in Iran and Tajikistan, respectively. In both countries, a majority (Iran: 61.6%, Tajikistan: 77.9%) accepted SDF over conventional treatments for all primary teeth. The majority also accepted SDF only for posterior permanent teeth (Iran: 73.5%, Tajikistan: 78.7%). Black discoloration was the main reason for rejecting SDF. Overall, demographic factors and dental experience and attitude were not significantly associated with SDF acceptance.
CONCLUSIONS
SDF was widely accepted by Iranian and Tajik parents. Establishing parental acceptance of SDF is an important step toward its application in LMICs where inexpensive solutions are needed.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fluorides, Topical; Child; Parents; Female; Male; Iran; Silver Compounds; Tajikistan; Child, Preschool; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
PubMed: 38872123
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04434-z -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024Dental caries is a widespread oral health issue in Asia, affecting an estimated 30% to 90% of children and adults. Many caries cases remain untreated, resulting in pain... (Review)
Review
Dental caries is a widespread oral health issue in Asia, affecting an estimated 30% to 90% of children and adults. Many caries cases remain untreated, resulting in pain and infection. In response, the Asian Academy of Preventive Dentistry (AAPD) emphasises comprehensive caries management and organised a fluoride workshop at the 15th International Conference of the AAPD in 2023. The AAPD invited a group of experts to form a fluoride working group to review existing literature and develop fluoride recommendations for stakeholders across Asian countries and regions. The working group assessed caries risk and identified commonly used topical fluoride products for home care, professional, and community settings in Asia. The working group concluded that fluoride is a safe and highly effective strategy to reduce caries prevalence and incidence. The working group provided key recommendations based on successful regional caries management practices: (1) use topical fluoride for prevention and control of dental caries; (2) encourage the use of fluoride toothpaste with a concentration of at least 1,000 ppm for effective caries reduction; (3) advise a 0.05% fluoride mouth rinse as soon as children can spit it out to prevent early childhood caries; (4) deliver professionally administered fluoride, such as 5% sodium fluoride varnish, 2% fluoride gel, or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride preparations, to decrease dental caries in at-risk individuals; and (5) apply 38% silver diamine fluoride to arrest cavitated caries. These recommendations aim to help practitioners, health care providers, and parents/caregivers make informed decisions about fluoride use as part of comprehensive oral health care in the region.
PubMed: 38871599
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.016