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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering May 2024Environmentally persistent polystyrene or polyacrylic beads are used as supports in enzyme large-scale bioprocesses, including conversion glucose isomerization for...
Environmentally persistent polystyrene or polyacrylic beads are used as supports in enzyme large-scale bioprocesses, including conversion glucose isomerization for high-fructose corn syrup production, hydrolysis of lactose, and synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this paper, we report the development of a novel sustainable and scalable method to produce diaminated cellulose beads (DAB) as highly efficient alternative supports for industrially relevant lipases. Regenerated cellulose beads were grafted with diaminated aliphatic hydrocarbons via periodate oxidation and reductive amination. The oxidation step indicated that aldehyde content can be easily tuned through the reaction time and concentration of reactants. Reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose was more efficient as the length of the diaminated hydrocarbon compound increased. Morphological analysis of DAB showed that cellulose chemical grafting enabled the preservation of the bead shape and internal structure upon freeze-drying. Enzymatic degradability studies demonstrated that chemical functionalization did not undermine enzyme cellulose hydrolysis. The addition of aminated moieties on cellulose dramatically increased absorption efficiency for all industrially relevant lipases used, reaching 100% for lipase (TLL). Storage and recyclability experiments demonstrated that enzymes were retained and recyclable for at least nine cycles, although the activity gradually declined after each cycle. Medium chain triacylglycerol hydrolysis in a SpinChem reactor using TLL immobilized on 1,6 DAB exhibited higher activity compared to acrylic beads (588 vs 459 U/g) suggesting that biodegradable cellulose-based materials could be a valid and attractive alternative to plastics carriers.
PubMed: 38783841
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07849 -
F1000Research 2023This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate fluoride Varnish... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Preventive efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride and CPP-ACP fluoride varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate fluoride Varnish (CPP-ACPFV) in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children.
METHODS
A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or CPP-ACPFV treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed.
RESULTS
The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and CPP-ACPFV ( -value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups ( -value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with CPP-ACPFV. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and CPP-ACPFV as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).
Topics: Humans; Silver Compounds; Child; Female; Male; Fluorides, Topical; Caseins; Molar; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Treatment Outcome; Molar Hypomineralization
PubMed: 38778809
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.136653.2 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy May 2024To perform a detailed morphological analysis of the inorganic portion of two different clinical presentations of calcium-based deposits retrieved from subjects with SSc...
BACKGROUND
To perform a detailed morphological analysis of the inorganic portion of two different clinical presentations of calcium-based deposits retrieved from subjects with SSc and identify a chemical dissolution of these deposits suitable for clinical use.
METHODS
Chemical analysis using Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy ('FTIR'), Raman microscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction ('PXRD'), and Transmission Electron Microscopy ('TEM') was undertaken of two distinct types of calcinosis deposits: paste and stone. Calcinosis sample titration with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ('EDTA') assessed the concentration at which the EDTA dissolved the calcinosis deposits in vitro.
RESULTS
FTIR spectra of the samples displayed peaks characteristic of hydroxyapatite, where signals attributable to the phosphate and carbonate ions were all identified. Polymorph characterization using Raman spectra were identical to a hydroxyapatite reference while the PXRD and electron diffraction patterns conclusively identified the mineral present as hydroxyapatite. TEM analysis showed differences of morphology between the samples. Rounded particles from stone samples were up to a few micron in size, while needle-like crystals from paste samples reached up to 0.5 µm in length. Calcium phosphate deposits were effectively dissolved with 3% aqueous solutions of EDTA, in vitro. Complete dissolution of both types of deposit was achieved in approximately 30 min using a molar ratio of EDTA/HAp of ≈ 300.
CONCLUSIONS
Stone and paste calcium-based deposits both comprise hydroxyapatite, but the constituent crystals vary in size and morphology. Hydroxyapatite is the only crystalline polymorph present in the SSc-related calcinosis deposits. Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in vitro using a dosage of EDTA considered safe for clinical application. Further research is required to establish the optimal medium to develop the medical product, determine the protocol for clinical application, and to assess the effectiveness of EDTA for local treatment of dystrophic calcinosis.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Humans; Calcinosis; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Female; Durapatite; Middle Aged; Male; Calcium Chelating Agents
PubMed: 38778407
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03324-7 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) as they directly impact the proliferation...
INTRODUCTION
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) as they directly impact the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. TGF-β1 is released by conditioning of the dentin matrix using 17% EDTA. EDTA was found to have deleterious effects on dentin especially in immature teeth with fragile dentin walls. Decreasing the irrigation time was reported to decrease these effects. Accordingly, enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution to maintain its efficiency in TGF-β1 release from dentin and thus compensating the reduction in irrigation time was employed. EDTA solution was enhanced by adding Nanobubble (NB) water which contains oxygen filled cavities less than 200 nm in diameter. Additionally, EDTA was activated with XP-endo Finisher rotary file. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NB enhancement and/or XP-endo Finisher activation of the EDTA solution on the TGF-β1 release from dentin.
METHODS
Fifty standardized root segments with open apex were allocated to two main groups according to whether EDTA was enhanced with NB water or not, and within each group whether XP-endo Finisher activation was used or not in addition to a Negative Control group. The concentration of the released TGF-β1 in the root canal was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro- Wilk, Kolmogorov Smirnov, ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests.
RESULTS
All groups released a considerable amount of TGF-β1 with the highest values in the EDTA/NB/XP group, followed by EDTA/NB, EDTA/DW/XP, EDTA/DW and Negative Control groups respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that NBs can promote the success of REPs since it revealed a significant increase in the TGF-β1 release following its use in the enhancement of the EDTA solution. A comparable effect was obtained by XP-endo finisher activation of the EDTA solution. The combined use of NBs and XP-endo Finisher can be a promising addition in REPs. Accordingly, Enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution may compensate decreasing the EDTA irrigation time attempted to avoid the deleterious effect of EDTA on dentin.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Humans; Dentin; Regenerative Endodontics; Root Canal Irrigants; Water; Root Canal Preparation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
PubMed: 38778321
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04355-x -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Aug 2024Haematospirillum jordaniae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified in the blood of septic patients. The environmental source or potential zoonotic host of...
Haematospirillum jordaniae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified in the blood of septic patients. The environmental source or potential zoonotic host of this bacterium, recently described as a human bacterial pathogen is unknown. An increasing number of H. jordaniae clinical infections identified by our laboratory suggested the need for an assay to detect this organism in order to aid clinical teams and practitioners with faster identification and treatment thus improving patient prognosis. Described here is a real-time qualitative PCR assay designed using gene targets identified from the analysis of 14 H. jordaniae genomes sequenced by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Special Bacterial Reference Laboratory (SBRL) culture collection. The assay was validated on clinical EDTA whole blood samples as well as on plasma and determined to be effective at detecting as few as 10 copies per microliter (10,000 copies per mL, 4 log/mL) for whole blood samples and 1 copy per microliter (1,000 copies per mL, 3 log mL) for plasma samples.
Topics: Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Plasma; Sensitivity and Specificity; Edetic Acid; Blood; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38776662
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116310 -
Bio-based epoxy resin/carbon nanotube coatings applied on cotton fabrics for smart wearable systems.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Sep 2024Electroactive coatings for smart wearable textiles based on a furan bio-epoxy monomer (BOMF) crosslinked with isophorone diamine (IPD) and additivated with carbon...
Electroactive coatings for smart wearable textiles based on a furan bio-epoxy monomer (BOMF) crosslinked with isophorone diamine (IPD) and additivated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reported herein. The effect of BOMF/IPD molar ratio on the curing reaction, as well as on the properties of the crosslinked resins was first assessed, and it was found that 1.5:1 BOMF/IPD molar ratio provided higher heat of reaction, glass transition temperature, and mechanical performance. The resin was then modified with CNT to prepare electrically conductive nanocomposite films, which exhibited conductivity values increased by eight orders of magnitude upon addition of 5 phr of CNTs. The epoxy/CNT nanocomposites were finally applied as coatings onto a cotton fabric to develop electrically conductive, hydrophobic and breathable textiles. Notably, the integration of CNTs imparted efficient and reversible electrothermal behavior to the cotton fabric, showcasing its potential application in smart and comfortable wearable electronic devices.
PubMed: 38763029
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.062 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research May 2024Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
BACKGROUND
Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
OBJECTIVE
To assess lesion and tooth color changes from 2 novel silver fluoride (AgF) products and its relationship to caries activity (clinical visuo-tactile scores) and bacterial load (using laser fluorescence with the DIAGNOdent).
METHODS
A split-mouth design was followed, with matched smooth surface carious lesions in the same arch in adults with special needs randomized for 1-min treatments with AgF/potassium iodide (KI) (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/stannous fluoride (SnF) (Caries Status Disclosing Solution; Whiteley). Standardized images taken at baseline, immediately postoperatively, and at 3-mo review were subjected to digital image analysis to calculate delta-E and to track changes in luminosity of carious lesions.
RESULTS
Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Significantly greater changes were seen in treated lesions than in the adjacent noncarious natural tooth structure, both immediately after treatment and at the 3-mo review ( < 0.0001). Color change and caries activity were not affected by tooth type, tooth location, plaque status, salivary status, or special needs condition. AgF/SnF caused transitory darkening immediately on application, while AgF/KI caused the immediate formation of yellow deposits (silver iodide). Both products caused significant darkening of treated lesions at 3 mo ( = 0.0009; = 0.0361), with no differences between them ( = 0.506). Responding lesions showed larger and more perceptible color changes immediately after either AgF application ( = 0.002; = 0.024).
CONCLUSIONS
Both AgF products were highly effective for caries arrest in this patient population. Despite minor differences in the appearance of treated lesions at the time of application, both products lead to similar darkening of treated sites at 3 mo.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
This study shows the usefulness of silver fluoride used in conjunction with potassium iodide or stannous fluoride for achieving caries arrest in smooth surface lesions in adults with special needs. Patients need to be informed that long-term staining of the lesion occurs with both, similar to silver diamine fluoride.
PubMed: 38760973
DOI: 10.1177/23800844241246199 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024To explore a new method to implant deciduous tooth pulp into the canal of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis for the regenerative...
To explore a new method to implant deciduous tooth pulp into the canal of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis for the regenerative endodontic treatment of tooth no: 41 in a 7-year-old male. Briefly, 1.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation and calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste were used as root canal disinfectant at the first visit. After 2 weeks, the intracanal medication was removed, and the root canal was slowly rinsed with 17% Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), followed by flushing with 20 mL saline and then drying with paper points. Tooth no: 72 was extracted, and its pulp was extracted and subsequently implanted into the disinfected root canal along with induced apical bleeding. Calcium hydroxide iodoform paste was gently placed over the bleeding clot, and after forming a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) coronal barrier, the accessed cavities were restored using Z350 resin composite. The root developments were evaluated radiographic imaging at 6 months, 1 year and 5 years after treatment. Imaging and clinical analysis showed closure of the apical foramen, thickening of the root canal wall, and satisfactory root length growth. Autologous transplantation might be useful to regenerate dental pulp in necrotic young permanent teeth.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Dental Pulp; Tooth, Deciduous; Incisor; Calcium Compounds; Aluminum Compounds; Oxides; Drug Combinations; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Silicates; Follow-Up Studies; Regenerative Endodontics; Mandible; Calcium Hydroxide; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Root Canal Therapy; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Filling Materials; Periapical Periodontitis; Sodium Hypochlorite; Dental Pulp Cavity; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated
PubMed: 38755996
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.071 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a classically used chelating agent of decalcification, maintains good morphological details, but its slow decalcification limits...
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a classically used chelating agent of decalcification, maintains good morphological details, but its slow decalcification limits its wider applications. Many procedures have been reported to accelerate EDTA-based decalcification, involving temperature, concentration, sonication, agitation, vacuum, microwave, or combination. However, these procedures, concentrating on purely tissue-outside physical factors to increase the chemical diffusion, do not enable EDTA to exert its full capacity due to tissue intrinsic chemical resistances around the diffusion passage. The resistances, such as tissue inner lipids and electric charges, impede the penetration of EDTA. We hypothesized that delipidation and shielding electric charges would accelerate EDTA-based penetration and the subsequent decalcification. The hypothesis was verified by the observation of speedy penetration of EDTA with additives of detergents and hypertonic saline, testing on tissue-mimicking gels of collagen and adult mouse bones. Using a 26% EDTA mixture with the additives at 45°C, a conventional 7-day decalcification of adult mouse ankle joints could be completed within 24 h while the tissue morphological structure, antigenicity, enzymes, and DNA were well preserved, and mRNA better retained compared to using 15% EDTA at room temperature. The addition of hypertonic saline and detergents to EDTA decalcification is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method that doesn't disrupt the current histological workflow. This method is equally or even more effective than the currently most used decalcification methods in preserving the morphological details of tissues. It can be highly beneficial for the related community.
Topics: Animals; Edetic Acid; Detergents; Mice; RNA, Messenger; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Bone and Bones; Decalcification Technique
PubMed: 38740835
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61459-8