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Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2014To evaluate the effects of topical policresulen and cinchocaine in the postoperative pain behavior of open hemorrhoidectomy. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of topical policresulen and cinchocaine in the postoperative pain behavior of open hemorrhoidectomy.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, controlled study. The control group received the usual guidelines with oral medications. The topical treatment group received, in addition, the application of the ointment and was comprised of two subgroups (policresulen + cinchocaine, and placebo). Pain intensity was recorded with the visual analogue scale.
RESULTS
43 patients were operated on: control group - n = 13, one excluded; placebo - n = 15; and policresulen + cinchocaine - n = 15. The mean age was 45.98 years and 37.2% were men. The average pain intensity was 4.09 (immediate postoperative), 3.22 (hospital discharge), 5.73 (day 1) , 5.77 (day 2), 5.74 (day 3), 5.65 (day 7), 5.11 (day 10), 2.75 (day 15) and 7.70 (first bowel movement), with no difference between groups in all periods.
CONCLUSION
This study showed no reduction in pain after hemorrhoidectomy with the use of topical policresulen and cinchocaine.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Infective Agents; Cresols; Dibucaine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Formaldehyde; Hemorrhoidectomy; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 24918721
DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912014000200004 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2013Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared in aqueous colloid dispersions by the reduction of Ag(+) with glucose in alkaline medium. Tetraethyl orthosilicate and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared in aqueous colloid dispersions by the reduction of Ag(+) with glucose in alkaline medium. Tetraethyl orthosilicate and L-asparagine were added as stabilizers of NPs. The AgNPs were characterized, and their interaction with three local anesthetics (procaine, dibucaine, or tetracaine) was investigated. Optical spectra show the characteristic absorption band of AgNPs, due to surface plasmon resonance. Modifications in the position and shape of this band reflect the self-assembly of metal NPs mediated by anesthetic molecules and the progress in time of the aggregation process. Zeta-potential measuring was applied in order to characterize the electrostatic stability of the NPs. The size and shape of the AgNPs, as well as the features of the assemblies formed by their association in the presence of anesthetics, were evidenced by transmission electron microscopy images. Atomic force microscopy images showed the characteristics of the films of AgNPs deposited on glass support. The effect of the anesthetics could be described in terms of electrostatic forces between the negatively charged AgNPs and the anesthetic molecules, existing also in their cationic form at the working pH. But also hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the coated nanoparticles and anesthetics molecular species should be considered.
Topics: Adsorption; Anesthetics, Local; Binding Sites; Materials Testing; Metal Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Silver
PubMed: 24143090
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S51063 -
Aging and Disease Aug 2013Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase share unravelling link with components of metabolic syndromes that's characterised by low levels of HDL cholesterol,...
Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase share unravelling link with components of metabolic syndromes that's characterised by low levels of HDL cholesterol, obesity, high fast aldohexose levels, hyper-trigliceridaemia and high blood pressure, by regulation of cholinergic transmission and therefore the enzyme activity within a living system. The phosphomotifs associated with amino acid and tyrosine binding motifs in AChE and BChE were known to be common. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to these proteins usinf UPGMA and Maximum Likelihood methods in MEGA software has shown interaction of AChE and BChE with ageing diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Diabetes. AChE has shown closely related to BChE, retinol dehydrogenase and β-polypeptide. The present studies is also accomplished that AChE, BChE, COLQ, HAND1, APP, NLGN2 and NGF proteins has interactions with diseases such as Alzheimer's and D2M using Pathwaylinker and STRING. Medicinal compounds like Ortho-7, Dibucaine and HI-6 are predicted as good targets for modeled AChE and BChE proteins based on docking studies. Hence perceptive studies of cholinesterase structure and the biological mechanisms of inhibition are necessary for effective drug development.
PubMed: 23936743
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Protocols in Cell Biology Jun 2013A simple, scalable, and fast procedure for the isolation of Chlamydomonas flagella is described. Chlamydomonas can be synchronously deflagellated by treatment with...
A simple, scalable, and fast procedure for the isolation of Chlamydomonas flagella is described. Chlamydomonas can be synchronously deflagellated by treatment with chemicals, pH shock, or mechanical shear. The Basic Protocol describes the procedure for flagellar isolation using dibucaine to induce flagellar abscission; we also describe the pH shock method as an Alternate Protocol when flagellar regeneration is desirable. Sub-fractionation of the isolated flagella into axonemes and the membrane + matrix fraction is described in a Support Protocol.
Topics: Axoneme; Cell Fractionation; Cell Growth Processes; Cell Membrane; Chlamydomonas; Dibucaine; Flagella; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 23728744
DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb0341s59 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2012Topical anesthesia is widely advocated in pediatric dentistry practice to reduce pain and anxiety produced by administration of local anesthesia. There are different... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
UNLABELLED
Topical anesthesia is widely advocated in pediatric dentistry practice to reduce pain and anxiety produced by administration of local anesthesia. There are different combinations of topical anesthetic agents that are marketed worldwide. However, sparse literature reports exist regarding clinical efficacy of these agents.
AIM
To compare the clinical effectiveness of two strawberry flavored topical anesthetics viz. Precaine (8% Lidocaine + 0.8% Dibucaine) and Precaine B (20% Benzocaine) in children before intra oral local anesthetic injections and for extraction of mobile primary teeth.
STUDY DESIGN
This triple blind clinical study included sixty children divided equally under three techniques--palatal injections, inferior alveolar nerve block and extraction of mobile primary teeth. Both the products were used alternately using split mouth design in two visits and the child's pain response was assessed using VAS and SEM pain scale. The scores obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Precaine has shown lower mean scores in all the techniques under both the pain scales, but were statistically insignificant. Gender wise comparison has also shown lower mean scores for Precaine for both males and females, however these were statistically insignificant. On visit wise comparison, Precaine B reported significant lower scores (p < 0.05) in visit 2 compared to visit 1 for inferior alveolar nerve block and extraction of mobile primary teeth under SEM pain scale.
CONCLUSION
Precaine (8% Lidocaine + 0.8% Dibucaine) can be used as effectively as Precaine B (20% Benzocaine).
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Benzocaine; Child; Dibucaine; Female; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Injections; Lidocaine; Male; Mandibular Nerve; Needles; Nerve Block; Pain; Pain Measurement; Palate; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Mobility; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23342561
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.37.1.h4jl152t334j3802 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Dec 2012The membrane location of the local anesthetics (LA) lidocaine, dibucaine, tetracaine, and procaine hydrochloride as well as their influence on phospholipid bilayers were...
The membrane location of the local anesthetics (LA) lidocaine, dibucaine, tetracaine, and procaine hydrochloride as well as their influence on phospholipid bilayers were studied by ³¹P and ¹H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The ³¹P NMR spectra of the LA/lipid preparations confirmed that the overall bilayer structure of the membrane remained preserved. The relation between the molecular structure of the LAs and their membrane localization and orientation was investigated quantitatively using induced chemical shifts, nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy, and paramagnetic relaxation rates. All three methods revealed an average location of the aromatic rings of all LAs in the lipid-water interface of the membrane, with small differences between the individual LAs depending on their molecular properties. While lidocaine is placed in the upper chain/glycerol region of the membrane, for dibucaine and procaine the maximum of the distribution are slightly shifted into the glycerol region. Finally for tetracaine the aromatic ring is placed closest to the aqueous phase in the glycerol/headgroup region of the membrane. The hydrophobic side chains of the LA molecules dibucaine and tetracaine were located deeper in the membrane and showed an orientation towards the hydrocarbon core. In contrast the side chains of lidocaine and procaine are oriented towards the aqueous phase.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Cell Membrane; Dibucaine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lidocaine; Lipid Bilayers; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Procaine; Tetracaine
PubMed: 22842001
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.07.014 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Apr 2012As an immediate consequence of stroke onset, failure of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase pump evokes a propagating anoxic depolarization (AD) across gray matter. Acute neuronal...
As an immediate consequence of stroke onset, failure of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase pump evokes a propagating anoxic depolarization (AD) across gray matter. Acute neuronal swelling and dendritic beading arise within seconds in the future ischemic core, imaged as changes in light transmittance (ΔLT). AD is itself not a target for drug-based reduction of stroke injury because it is generated in the 1st min of stroke onset. Peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) are milder AD-like events that recur during the hours following AD and contribute to infarct expansion. Inhibiting PIDs with drugs could limit expansion. Two types of drugs, "caines" and σ(1)-receptor ligands, have been found to inhibit AD onset (and may also oppose PID initiation), yet their underlying actions have not been examined. Imaging ΔLT in the CA1 region simultaneously with whole cell current-clamp recording from CA1 pyramidal neurons reveal that the elevated LT front and onset of the AD are coincident. Either dibucaine or carbetapentane pretreatment significantly delays AD onset without affecting resting membrane potential or neuronal input resistance. Dibucaine decreases excitability by raising spike threshold and decreasing action potential (AP) frequency, whereas carbetapentane eliminates the fast afterhyperpolarization while accentuating the slow afterhyperpolarization to reduce AP frequency. Orthodromic and antidromic APs are eliminated by dibucaine within 15 min but not by carbetapentane. Thus both drugs reduce cortical excitability at the level of the single pyramidal neuron but through strikingly different mechanisms. In vivo, both drugs would likely inhibit recurring PIDs in the expanding penumbra and so potentially could reduce developing neuronal damage over many hours poststroke when PIDs occur.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Cell Hypoxia; Cyclopentanes; Dibucaine; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 22279188
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00701.2011 -
Annals of General Psychiatry Nov 2011In the present work, we report two cases of monozygotic twins who developed prolonged apnea during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a complication of anesthesia. In...
In the present work, we report two cases of monozygotic twins who developed prolonged apnea during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a complication of anesthesia. In both cases, prolonged action of succinylcholine caused by a butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) deficiency was confirmed by means of the dibucaine number test. In both cases, genetic analysis using the polymerase chain reaction revealed haplotype combined A and K variant mutations of the BCHE gene, both in the heterozygous form. These data show the potential risk of BCHE deficiency as a complication of anesthesia during ECT, and in particular underline the possible genetic contribution within a complex pathogenetic model.
PubMed: 22053728
DOI: 10.1186/1744-859X-10-30 -
PloS One 2011Spreading depolarizations that occur in patients with malignant stroke, subarachnoid/intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury are known to facilitate neuronal...
BACKGROUND
Spreading depolarizations that occur in patients with malignant stroke, subarachnoid/intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury are known to facilitate neuronal damage in metabolically compromised brain tissue. The dramatic failure of brain ion homeostasis caused by propagating spreading depolarizations results in neuronal and astroglial swelling. In essence, swelling is the initial response and a sign of the acute neuronal injury that follows if energy deprivation is maintained. Choosing spreading depolarizations as a target for therapeutic intervention, we have used human brain slices and in vivo real-time two-photon laser scanning microscopy in the mouse neocortex to study potentially useful therapeutics against spreading depolarization-induced injury.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We have shown that anoxic or terminal depolarization, a spreading depolarization wave ignited in the ischemic core where neurons cannot repolarize, can be evoked in human slices from pediatric brains during simulated ischemia induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation or by exposure to ouabain. Changes in light transmittance (LT) tracked terminal depolarization in time and space. Though spreading depolarizations are notoriously difficult to block, terminal depolarization onset was delayed by dibucaine, a local amide anesthetic and sodium channel blocker. Remarkably, the occurrence of ouabain-induced terminal depolarization was delayed at a concentration of 1 µM that preserves synaptic function. Moreover, in vivo two-photon imaging in the penumbra revealed that, though spreading depolarizations did still occur, spreading depolarization-induced dendritic injury was inhibited by dibucaine administered intravenously at 2.5 mg/kg in a mouse stroke model.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Dibucaine mitigated the effects of spreading depolarization at a concentration that could be well-tolerated therapeutically. Hence, dibucaine is a promising candidate to protect the brain from ischemic injury with an approach that does not rely on the complete abolishment of spreading depolarizations.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Child; Cortical Spreading Depression; Dendrites; Dibucaine; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neocortex
PubMed: 21789251
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022351 -
International Journal of Molecular... 2011Calcium-dependent calpains are a family of cysteine proteases that have been demonstrated to play key roles in both platelet glycoprotein Ibα shedding and platelet...
Calcium-dependent calpains are a family of cysteine proteases that have been demonstrated to play key roles in both platelet glycoprotein Ibα shedding and platelet activation and altered calpain activity is associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Calpain activators induce apoptosis in several types of nucleated cells. However, it is not clear whether calpain activators induce platelet apoptosis. Here we show that the calpain activator dibucaine induced several platelet apoptotic events including depolarization of the mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax and Bak, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Platelet apoptosis elicited by dibucaine was not affected by the broad spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001. Furthermore, dibucaine did not induce platelet activation as detected by P-selectin expression and PAC-1 binding. However, platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin or α-thrombin, platelet adhesion and spreading on von Willebrand factor were significantly inhibited in platelets treated with dibucaine. Taken together, these data indicate that dibucaine induces platelet apoptosis and platelet dysfunction.
Topics: Apoptosis; Blood Platelets; Caspase 3; Cell Adhesion; Dibucaine; Dipeptides; Down-Regulation; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Membrane Proteins; P-Selectin; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Ristocetin; Thrombin; Up-Regulation; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; bcl-X Protein
PubMed: 21731431
DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042125