-
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the plasma metabolome in two groups of adults that were of similar age but varied markedly in body composition and...
This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the plasma metabolome in two groups of adults that were of similar age but varied markedly in body composition and dietary and physical activity patterns. Study participants included 52 adults in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females). The results using an extensive untargeted ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomics analysis with 10,535 metabolite peaks identified 486 important metabolites (variable influence on projections scores of VIP ≥ 1) and 16 significantly enriched metabolic pathways that differentiated LIFE and CON groups. A novel metabolite signature of positive lifestyle habits emerged from this analysis highlighted by lower plasma levels of numerous bile acids, an amino acid profile characterized by higher histidine and lower glutamic acid, glutamine, β-alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and proline, an elevated vitamin D status, higher levels of beneficial fatty acids and gut microbiome catabolism metabolites from plant substrates, and reduced levels of N-glycan degradation metabolites and environmental contaminants. This study established that the plasma metabolome is strongly associated with body composition and lifestyle habits. The robust lifestyle metabolite signature identified in this study is consistent with an improved life expectancy and a reduced risk for chronic disease.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Metabolome; Healthy Lifestyle; Body Composition; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Bile Acids and Salts; Exercise; Life Style
PubMed: 38871777
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64561-z -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jun 2024Preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health objective. CKD leads to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with a negative impact on... (Review)
Review
Preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health objective. CKD leads to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with a negative impact on quality of life and significant societal repercussions. Several drugs are effective in preventing and curbing CKD, including blockers of the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system and inhibitors of the SGLT2 co-transporter. New molecules are currently in clinical trials focusing on the nephro-protection, such as non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and GPL-1 receptor agonists. In addition to this drug arsenal, CKD prevention also relies on non-pharmacological optimization of hygienic-dietary measures, including smoking avoidance, physical activity and dietetics. The aim of this article is to detail this non-medicinal approach to the prevention and slow down of CKD.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 38869132
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Jul 2024High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and being exposed to daily psychological stress, common environmental factors in modern lifestyle, play an important role on metabolic...
INTRODUCTION
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and being exposed to daily psychological stress, common environmental factors in modern lifestyle, play an important role on metabolic disorders such as glucose homeostasis impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and psychological stress combination on metabolic response to chronic psychological stress in male rats.
METHOD
Male Wistar rats were divided into HFD, and normal diet (ND) groups and then into stress and nonstress subgroups. The diets were applied for 5 weeks, and psychological stress was induced for 7 consecutive days. Then, blood samples were taken to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and leptin and corticosterone concentrations. Subsequently, glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic isolated islets was assessed.
RESULTS
HFD did not significantly change fasting plasma glucose, insulin and corticosterone levels, whereas increased plasma leptin (7.05 ± 0.33) and FFA (p < 0.01) levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Additionally, HFD and stress combination induced more profound glucose intolerance associated with increased plasma corticosterone (p < 0.01) and leptin (8.63 ± 0.38) levels. However, insulin secretion from isolated islets did not change in the presence of high-fat diet and/or stress.
CONCLUSION
HFD should be considered as an intensified factor of metabolic impairments caused by chronic psychological stress.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Psychological; Diet, High-Fat; Rats; Corticosterone; Insulin; Leptin; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Islets of Langerhans; Glucose Intolerance
PubMed: 38867382
DOI: 10.1002/edm2.487 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jun 2024Recently, Serum vitamin D (Vit. D) levels evaluation and the use of Vit. D supplements have increased substantially. There is no specific guideline for the duration of...
BACKGROUND
Recently, Serum vitamin D (Vit. D) levels evaluation and the use of Vit. D supplements have increased substantially. There is no specific guideline for the duration of Vit. D supplementation, so yet Vit. D supplementation duration has remained a critical and controversial issue. This study aimed to determine the vit. D supplementation duration to reach an adequate or optimal Vit. D status and its effect on lipid profile.
METHODS
In this longitudinal study, 345 women with different status of Vit. D levels were enrolled and followed up for one year. Eligible participants received 50,000 IU Vit. D (cholecalciferol) once a month for 12 consecutive months. The serum Vit. D levels and lipid profiles were measured at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after the intervention. Participants were categorized based on Vit. D level at baseline into deficiency (< 20 ng/mL), inadequate (20-30 ng/mL), and adequate (> 30 ng/mL) groups, and the data were compared at different times between the three groups.
RESULTS
Three deficiency (n = 73), inadequate (n = 138) and adequate (n = 134) groups of participants were followed. In all participants the average amount of Vit. D level changes were 8 ng/mL after one year of supplementation. The mean changes of serum Vit. D level in 6th and 12th months vs. 3th month was as below: In deficiency group: 4.08 ± 0.85 and 10.01 ± 1.02 ng/mL; (p < 0.001), in inadequate group: 3.07 ± 0.59 and 7.26 ± 0.78 ng/mL; (p = 0.001) and in adequate group: 2.02 ± 0.88 and 6.44 ± 1.005 ng/ml; (p = 0.001). Lipid profiles were improved in three groups. So, the mean changes of lipid profiles at the end of the study comparing with the baseline were: -5.86 ± 2.09, -7.22 ± 1.43 and - 6.17 ± 1.72 (mg/dl) for LDL (p < 0.05); -12.24 ± 3.08, -13.64 ± 3.21 and - 17.81 ± 2.94 (mg/dl) for cholesterol (p < 0.05) in deficiency, inadequate and adequate groups, respectively. For triglyceride, the mean changes were - 13.24 ± 5.78 and - 15.85 ± 7.49 (mg/dl) in deficiency and adequate groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Although the triglyceride decreased in the inadequate group at the end of the study but this difference was not significant (p = 0.67).
CONCLUSION
Taking of 50,000 IU Vit. D 3 monthly for 12 months resulted in reaching its level to adequate level in both deficiency and insufficient groups; however, in the adequate group its level did not reach above than 50 ng/mL. Therefore, 50,000 IU Vit. D supplementation monthly for one year can have beneficial effects on lipid profiles and there is no risk of toxicity in healthy women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D Deficiency; Adult; Vitamin D; Lipids; Middle Aged; Cholecalciferol; Time Factors; Young Adult; Triglycerides
PubMed: 38867281
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00576-6 -
Journal of Lipid Research Jun 2024Hypercholesterolemia is frequently intertwined with hepatosteatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. This study is designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy...
Hypercholesterolemia is frequently intertwined with hepatosteatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. This study is designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of miR-206 in contrast to statins in the context of managing hypercholesterolemia in mice. We previously showed that miR-206 is a potent inhibitor of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), cholesterol synthesis and gluconeogenesis in mice. Given that these processes occur within hepatocytes, we employed a mini-circle (MC) system to deliver miR-206 specifically to hepatocytes (designated as MC-miR-206). A single intravenous injection of MC-miR-206 maintained high levels of miR-206 in the liver for at least two weeks, thereby maintaining suppression of hepatic DNL, cholesterol synthesis and gluconeogenesis. MC-miR-206 significantly reduced DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and hepatic toxicity. Therapeutically, both MC-miR-206 and statins significantly reduced total serum cholesterol and triglycerides as well as LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol in mice maintained on the normal chow and high-fat high-cholesterol diet. MC-miR-206 reduced liver weight, hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol and blood glucose, while statins slightly increased hepatic cholesterol and blood glucose and failed to affect levels of liver weight and hepatic triglycerides. Mechanistically, miR-206 alleviated hypercholesterolemia by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis, while statins increased HMGCR activity, hepatic cholesterol synthesis and fecal neutral steroid excretion. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-206 facilitates the regression of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and hepatosteatosis. MiR-206 outperforms statins by reducing hyperglycemia, hepatic cholesterol levels, and hepatic toxicity.
PubMed: 38866328
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100576 -
JCI Insight Jun 2024
Topics: Diet, High-Fat; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Cell Proliferation; Up-Regulation; Humans; Thrombospondins; Male
PubMed: 38855870
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.181492 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (), a traditional herb used in Miao medicine, is renowned for its heart-clearing properties. Davidiin, the primary bioactive component...
BACKGROUND
Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (), a traditional herb used in Miao medicine, is renowned for its heart-clearing properties. Davidiin, the primary bioactive component (approximately 1%), has been used to treat various conditions, including diabetes. Given its wide range of effects and the diverse biomolecular pathways involved in diabetes, there is a crucial need to study how davidiin interacts with these pathways to better understand its anti-diabetic properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Diabetic rats were induced using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) administered intraperitoneally at 35 mg/kg. Out of these, 24 rats with blood glucose levels ≥ 11.1 mmol/L and fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L were selected for three experimental groups. These groups were then treated with either metformin (gavage, 140 mg/kg) or davidiin (gavage, 90 mg/kg) for four weeks. After the treatment period, we measured body weight, blood glucose levels, and conducted untargeted metabolic profiling using UPLC-QTOF-MS.
RESULTS
Davidiin has been shown to effectively treat diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels from 30.2 ± 2.6 mmol/L to 25.1 ± 2.4 mmol/L (P < 0.05). This effect appears stronger than that of metformin, which lowered glucose levels to 26.5 ± 2.6 mmol/L. The primary outcomes of serum metabolomics are significant changes in lipid and lipid-like molecular profiles. Firstly, davidiin may affect phosphatide metabolism by increasing levels of phosphatidylinositol and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Secondly, davidiin could influence cholesterol metabolism by reducing levels of glycocholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid. Lastly, davidiin might impact steroid hormone metabolism by increasing hepoxilin B3 levels and decreasing prostaglandins.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrates that davidiin modulates various lipid-related metabolic pathways to exert its anti-diabetic effects. These findings offer the first detailed metabolic profile of davidiin's action mechanism, contributing valuable insights to the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the context of diabetes treatment.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Rats; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Streptozocin; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Metabolome; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38855535
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S459931 -
Journal of Medical Cases Jun 2024Eosinophilic enteritis (EoN) poses a distinctive challenge, affecting individuals with various clinical presentations depending on the layer and extent of the bowel...
Eosinophilic enteritis (EoN) poses a distinctive challenge, affecting individuals with various clinical presentations depending on the layer and extent of the bowel wall. We present a case of a 19-year-old female with abdominal pain, vomiting, and loose stools for 1 month. Labs were significant for persistent leukocytosis with peripheral eosinophilia. A computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis demonstrated moderate abdominal ascites and moderately diffuse mucosal thickening of jejunal loops. A diagnostic paracentesis unveiled low serum ascites albumin gradient and 92% eosinophils. Push enteroscopy resulted in no significant biopsy findings, though a laparoscopic full-thickness jejunal biopsy exhibited increased eosinophils in the bowel wall. Intravenous steroid, proton pump inhibitor, and dietary changes resolved the symptoms and normalized the labs within a week. Our case report highlights a variable presentation of eosinophilic jejunitis uncommon in this disease population. EoN is an easily missed diagnosis and mandates frequent follow-up to prompt relevant investigations. Atopic clinical features are not prevalent in each case. While rare, EoN requires a strong clinical suspicion, even if endoscopic biopsies are unremarkable, prompting timely laparoscopic full-thickness biopsy. Per protocol, physicians must do the infectious and eosinophilia workup to rule out other etiologies. Our case also highlights that worsening clinical condition in EoN warrants early intravenous steroids with a favorable prognosis and considers a psychosocial aspect of the disease on the patient's health.
PubMed: 38855296
DOI: 10.14740/jmc4196 -
Archives of Osteoporosis Jun 2024These guidelines aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for the supplementation of Vitamin D in maintaining bone health. An unmet need persists in Latin American...
Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Latin American Federation of Endocrinology for the use of vitamin D in the maintenance of bone health: recommendations for the Latin American context.
INTRODUCTION
These guidelines aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for the supplementation of Vitamin D in maintaining bone health. An unmet need persists in Latin American regarding the availability of clinical and real-world data for rationalizing the use of vitamin D supplementation. The objective of these guidelines is to establish clear and practical recommendations for healthcare practitioners from Latin American countries to address Vitamin D insufficiency in clinical practice.
METHODS
The guidelines were developed according to the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology for the adaptation or adoption of CPGs or evidence-based recommendations. A search for high quality CPGs was complemented through a comprehensive review of recent literature, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews evaluating the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on bone health. The evidence to decision framework proposed by the GRADE Working Group was implemented by a panel of experts in endocrinology, bone health, and clinical research.
RESULTS
The guidelines recommend Vitamin D supplementation for individuals aged 18 and above, considering various populations, including healthy adults, individuals with osteopenia, osteoporosis patients, and institutionalized older adults. These recommendations offer dosing regimens depending on an individualized treatment plan, and monitoring intervals of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and adjustments based on individual results.
DISCUSSION
The guidelines highlight the role of Vitamin D in bone health and propose a standardized approach for healthcare practitioners to address Vitamin D insufficiency across Latin America. The panel underscored the necessity for generating local data and stressed the importance of considering regional geography, social dynamics, and cultural specificities when implementing these guidelines.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Latin America; Vitamin D Deficiency; Osteoporosis; Dietary Supplements; Adult; Aged; Female; Male
PubMed: 38850469
DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01398-z -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024Natural medicines possess significant research and application value in the field of atherosclerosis (AS) treatment. The study was performed to investigate the impacts...
Notoginsenoside R1 Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet and Vitamin D3-Induced Atherosclerosis via Alleviating Inflammatory Response, Inhibiting Endothelial Dysfunction, and Regulating Gut Microbiota.
AIM
Natural medicines possess significant research and application value in the field of atherosclerosis (AS) treatment. The study was performed to investigate the impacts of a natural drug component, notoginsenoside R1, on the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and the potential mechanisms.
METHODS
Rats induced with AS by a high-fat-diet and vitamin D3 were treated with notoginsenoside R1 for six weeks. The ameliorative effect of NR1 on AS rats was assessed by detecting pathological changes in the abdominal aorta, biochemical indices in serum and protein expression in the abdominal aorta, as well as by analysing the gut microbiota.
RESULTS
The NR1 group exhibited a noticeable reduction in plaque pathology. Notoginsenoside R1 can significantly improve serum lipid profiles, encompassing TG, TC, LDL, ox-LDL, and HDL. Simultaneously, IL-6, IL-33, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels are decreased by notoginsenoside R1 in lowering inflammatory elements. Notoginsenoside R1 can suppress the secretion of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, as well as enhance the levels of plasma NO and eNOS. Furthermore, notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the NLRP3/Cleaved Caspase-1/IL-1β inflammatory pathway and reduces the expression of the JNK2/P38 MAPK/VEGF endothelial damage pathway. Fecal analysis showed that notoginsenoside R1 remodeled the gut microbiota of AS rats by decreasing the count of pathogenic bacteria (such as and ) and increasing the quantity of probiotic bacteria (such as ).
CONCLUSION
Notoginsenoside R1, due to its unique anti-inflammatory properties, may potentially prevent the progression of atherosclerosis. This mechanism helps protect the vascular endothelium from damage, while also regulating the imbalance of intestinal microbiota, thereby maintaining the overall health of the body.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ginsenosides; Rats; Atherosclerosis; Diet, High-Fat; Male; Cholecalciferol; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Inflammation; Endothelium, Vascular
PubMed: 38845851
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S451565