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PloS One 2024A 171-day long experimental trial was undertaken to study intricate physiological response of rohu (Labeo rohita) under stress caused by high stocking density in In-pond...
A 171-day long experimental trial was undertaken to study intricate physiological response of rohu (Labeo rohita) under stress caused by high stocking density in In-pond raceways system (IPRS). Fingerlings of rohu (initial body weight: 250 ± 1.20 g) were cultured at three different stocking densities; low density (LD) (2.27 kg/m3), medium density (MD) (3.79 kg/m3) and high density (HD) (5.30 kg/m3) in raceways of IPRS production system. Each treatment was in triplicate. Fish growth exhibited a decline in HD treatment statistically as its average weight gain/fish/day was 4.21 g as compared to MD (4.82 g) and LD (4.74 g). Nutritional profile of rohu indicated by the content of crude protein, fatty acids, and profile of amino acids was up to the set dietary benchmarks. Survival rate of fish in all the treatment groups was greater than 99%. The elevated cortisol levels observed in the HD treatment in contrast to the other treatments suggested the presence of stress. The levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were also higher in HD as compared to other treatments. However, there were no difference in the level of MDA between the three treatments. Activity of amylase, protease was significantly different in treatment whereas the difference in lipase activity was found to be insignificant. It can be concluded that medium stocking density i.e. 3.79 kg/m3 outperformed the high density (5.30 kg/m3) in different aspects of this study. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to ascertain whether any intermediate stocking density between medium (3.79 kg/m3) and high (5.30 kg/m3) such as 4 kg/m3, 4.5 kg/m3, or 5 kg/m3, could potentially serve as suitable options for rohu. It is also suggested that brood stock of rohu should be genetically improved to obtain stress resilient fingerlings which will perform better at high stocking density at large scale production level.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cyprinidae; Stress, Physiological; Aquaculture; Hydrocortisone; Nutritive Value; Catalase; Superoxide Dismutase; Glutathione Peroxidase
PubMed: 38787913
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298753 -
PloS One 2024Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have a substantial impact on morbidity, healthcare utilization, and functional decline among older adults. Therefore, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have a substantial impact on morbidity, healthcare utilization, and functional decline among older adults. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in preventing ARIs in older adults.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 1 February 2024. RCTs evaluating the use of vitamin D supplements to protect older adults from ARIs were included. Two reviewers independently screened papers, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were summarised as relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random effects meta-analyses were used to synthesise the results. GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. All the analysis were performed with Stata version 17.
RESULTS
Twelve trials (41552 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. It showed that vitamin D supplementation probably does not reduce the incidence of ARIs (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02, I2 = 0%; moderate certainty). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of ARI was observed for any of the subgroups defined by baseline 25(OH)D concentration, control treatments, dose frequency, study duration, and participants' condition. However, there was a possibility, although not statistically significant, that vitamin D may reduce the risk of ARI in patients with a baseline 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/L (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79-1.04, I2 = 14.7%). Additionally, vitamin D supplements might result in little to no difference in death due to any cause, any adverse event, hypercalcinemia, and kidney stones.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D supplementation among older adults probably results in little to no difference in the incidence of ARIs. However, further evidence is needed, particularly for individuals with vitamin D deficiency and populations residing in low and middle income countries.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023451265).
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Respiratory Tract Infections; Dietary Supplements; Aged; Acute Disease; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38787821
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303495 -
Cureus Apr 2024The use of steroids and protein-based dietary supplements for muscle enhancement is prevalent in contemporary society. While these products promise increased muscle mass...
The use of steroids and protein-based dietary supplements for muscle enhancement is prevalent in contemporary society. While these products promise increased muscle mass and strength, they carry significant risks, including severe medical complications. The consumption of these supplements has been linked to adverse symptoms, including dehydration, gastrointestinal distress, dizziness, and alterations in heart rate and blood pressure, primarily due to ingredients like creatine, arginine, and caffeine. Following the proper dosage, ensuring adequate hydration, and consulting a healthcare provider to verify if the supplement's components could affect any pre-existing conditions is recommended. Indiscriminate use of these products, including taurine, can lead to serious side effects. We present a 36-year-old patient with severe rhabdomyolysis, life-threatening acid-base imbalance, renal and liver injury, and peripheral neuropathy associated with the use of performance-enhanced unregulated supplements and exercise. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing complications related to exercise-aid supplements, emphasizing early identification and management. Increasing social awareness and research on those products is highly needed to avoid supplement-associated complications and potential long-term disabilities.
PubMed: 38784349
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58775 -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2024Limited studies are available on vitamin D supplementation in dogs. This study evaluates the effect of a commercial vitamin D3 supplement on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D...
BACKGROUND
Limited studies are available on vitamin D supplementation in dogs. This study evaluates the effect of a commercial vitamin D3 supplement on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D as well as selected biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy dogs. Eight intact male adult dogs with a mean body weight of 20 kg from mixed breeds were included in the study. After adaptation period, dogs received vitamin D3 supplement at the dose of 50 IU/kg body weight per day. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 of supplementation. Food was used for analysis of vitamin D3 content.
RESULTS
Significant increase in serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was detected since day 14 of supplementation. Changes in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 concentration during time showed an upward significance (p < 0.05). Vitamin D3 content of the food was 2900 IU/kg dry matter. Changes in serum phosphorus levels were upward significant. No dog showed calcium or phosphorus levels above the highest reference level. Liver and kidney parameters remained in the reference range during the experiment. A gradual significant increase was observed in hemoglobin and hematocrit which was started from day 14. Vitamin D3 supplementation had no significant effect on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes percent during the study.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D3 supplementation at 50 IU/kg BW daily, increases serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in healthy dogs fed with a diet containing proper amount of this vitamin. It also increases hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in a time dependent manner without inducing adverse effects.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Male; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38783276
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04080-1 -
PloS One 2024Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) has the potential to alter hormonal levels in the body. This study investigates the impact of RIF on hormonal levels among healthy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) has the potential to alter hormonal levels in the body. This study investigates the impact of RIF on hormonal levels among healthy individuals during Ramadan.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published studies were conducted, focusing on healthy non-athlete adults. The intervention examined was Ramadan Intermittent Fasting, and the primary outcomes assessed were changes in endocrine hormonal and biochemical parameters. The pooled effect measure was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 35 original articles were retrieved, with a combined sample size of 1,107 participants eligible for the meta-analysis. No significant relationship was found between pre- and post-Ramadan hormonal levels of T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, Testosterone, LH, FSH, Prolactin, PTH, Calcium, and Phosphorus (P-value<0.05). However, a substantial decrease in morning cortisol levels was observed across the studies (P-value: 0.08, Hedges' g = -2.14, 95% CI: -4.54, 0.27).
CONCLUSIONS
Ramadan Intermittent Fasting results in minimal hormonal changes and is a safe practice for healthy individuals. The fasting regimen appears to disrupt the circadian rhythm, leading to a decrease in morning cortisol levels.
Topics: Humans; Fasting; Islam; Adult; Hormones; Testosterone; Male; Hydrocortisone
PubMed: 38781203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299695 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul,... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Calcium; Vitamin D Deficiency; Calcium, Dietary
PubMed: 38778478
DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2024.2016 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies May 2024This study investigated the effect of curcumin nanomicelle (CUR-n) on the structure of testis tissue, the process of spermatogenesis, LH, FSH, testosterone, and...
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the effect of curcumin nanomicelle (CUR-n) on the structure of testis tissue, the process of spermatogenesis, LH, FSH, testosterone, and oxidative stress in a model of multiple sclerosis.
METHODS
Twenty-four male mice C57BL/6 were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 6 (1: group receiving 2% CPZ diet, 2: group receiving the diet of 2% CPZ + CUR-n with a dose of 50 mg/kg, 3: group receiving the diet of 2% CPZ + CUR-n with a dose of 100 mg/kg). The concentration of hormones (testosterone, LH and FSH), was measured by the special hormone assay ELISA kits. Measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was done by spectrophotometry and calorimetric methods, respectively. Stereological analysis was done in order to explore the number of spermatogenesis cells, testis and sperm properties.
RESULTS
The results indicated that CUR-n (100 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the concentration of LH, FSH, testosterone, and TAC but reduced MDA levels. It also notably increased the quantity of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, round spermatids, long spermatids and LCs, augmented testis weight and volume, and germinal epithelium volume, improved sperm count, morphology, viability, and motility. In addition, a considerable decrease in the amount of wrinkling and disruption of the germinal epithelium was observed after intervention with CUR-n (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of germ cells compared to the group receiving CPZ was detected.
CONCLUSION
This study proposes that CUR-n could be a therapeutic agent for decreasing the adverse effects of MS on testis.
Topics: Male; Animals; Curcumin; Mice; Testis; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Multiple Sclerosis; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone; Oxidative Stress; Micelles
PubMed: 38778296
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04423-3 -
Poultry Science Jul 2024The global egg industry is rapidly transitioning to cage-free egg production from conventional cages. Hens housed in cage-free systems have an increased prevalence of...
The global egg industry is rapidly transitioning to cage-free egg production from conventional cages. Hens housed in cage-free systems have an increased prevalence of keel damage that could lead to reduced egg production and compromised well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D on keel damage in hens housed in multi-tier aviary systems (AV). Brown hens were placed in 4 AV system rooms after rearing at 17 wk of age (woa) with each room containing 576 birds. At 12 woa, rooms were randomly assigned to a dietary treatment of flaxseed oil, fish oil, vitamin D, or control. Focal birds (36 per treatment) were longitudinally examined for keel damage using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at nine timepoints from 16 to 52 woa. Three-dimensional digital twins of the keels were created from the QCT scans and visually assessed for damage. An overall keel severity score was recorded as well as the location, direction, and severity of each deviation or fracture. Severity was ranked on a 0 to 5 scale with 0 being no damage and 5 being severe. Damage scores were analyzed utilizing odds ratios with main effects of age and treatment. At 16 woa, 80% of hens had overall keel scores of 0 and 20% had scores of 1. At 52 woa, all hens had damage, with 31% having a score of 1, 61% scored 2 to 3, and 8% scored 4 to 5. Most fractures were not observed until peak lay. Dietary treatments did not affect likelihood of fracture incidences, but younger birds had lower odds of incurring keel fractures than older birds (P < 0.0001). The initial incidences of keel deviations occurred earlier than fractures, with most birds obtaining a keel deviation by 28 woa. Keel damage was not able to be prevented, but the age at which keel fractures and deviations initiate appear to be different, with deviations occurring during growth and fractures during lay.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Female; Diet; Sternum; Animal Feed; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Random Allocation; Fish Oils; Housing, Animal; Fractures, Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Imaging, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 38776860
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103804 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024To study the levels of vitamin D serum levels in children with vernal keratoconjuctivits (VKC) and comparing vitamin D levels in after giving vitamin D supplements... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
To study the levels of vitamin D serum levels in children with vernal keratoconjuctivits (VKC) and comparing vitamin D levels in after giving vitamin D supplements between intervention and control group.
METHODS
The study was conducted in population between 1 to 12 years in tertiary care hospital in North India. Amongst children with VKC, full ocular examination along with Boninis clinical grading of VKC and serum vitamin D levels were assessed. Whole study group was randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group had received vitamin D powder while control group kept under observation.
RESULTS
A total of 88 children received vitamin D supplementation and 39 kept in control group.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that children in intervention group showed improvement in serum vitamin D levels with the clinical improvement in VKC grading too.
Topics: Humans; Child; India; Male; Female; Vitamin D; Child, Preschool; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Tertiary Care Centers; Infant; Vitamins; Hospitals, Pediatric; Vitamin D Deficiency; Follow-Up Studies; Dietary Supplements; Tertiary Healthcare
PubMed: 38770629
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_773_23 -
Age and Ageing May 2024Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to alterations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the renal-bone axis. This may be partly driven by altered inflammation and...
CONTEXT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to alterations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the renal-bone axis. This may be partly driven by altered inflammation and iron status. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce inflammation.
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS
Older adults with early CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG3a/b; n = 35) or normal renal function (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG1; n = 35) received 12,000, 24,000 or 48,000 IU D3/month for 1 year. Markers of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were investigated pre- and post-supplementation. Predictors of c-terminal and intact FGF23 (cFGF23; iFGF23) were identified by univariate and multivariate regression.
RESULTS
Pre-supplementation, comparing CKDG3a/b to CKDG1, plasma cFGF23, iFGF23, PTH, sclerostin and TNFα were significantly higher and Klotho, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and iron were lower. Post-supplementation, only cFGF23, 25(OH)D and IL6 differed between groups. The response to supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Only in the CKDG1 group, phosphate decreased, cFGF23, iFGF23 and procollagen type I N-propeptide increased. In the CKDG3a/b group, TNFα significantly decreased, and iron increased. Plasma 25(OH)D and IL10 increased, and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks decreased in both groups. In univariate models cFGF23 and iFGF23 were predicted by eGFR and regulators of calcium and phosphate metabolism at both time points; IL6 predicted cFGF23 (post-supplementation) and iFGF23 (pre-supplementation) in univariate models. Hepcidin predicted post-supplementation cFGF23 in multivariate models with eGFR.
CONCLUSION
Alterations in regulators of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were found in early CKD. The response to vitamin D3 supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Plasma IL6 predicted both cFGF23 and iFGF23 and hepcidin predicted cFGF23.
Topics: Humans; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Aged; Male; Female; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Dietary Supplements; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Biomarkers; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Iron; Kidney; Vitamin D; Aged, 80 and over; Treatment Outcome; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Age Factors; Cholecalciferol; Time Factors; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 38770543
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae096