-
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2018We report 958 cases of cestodiasis occurring in Japan during 2001-2016. The predominant pathogen was Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense tapeworm (n = 825), which caused 86.1%...
We report 958 cases of cestodiasis occurring in Japan during 2001-2016. The predominant pathogen was Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense tapeworm (n = 825), which caused 86.1% of all cases. The other cestode species involved were Taenia spp. (10.3%), Diplogonoporus balaenopterae (3.3%), and Spirometra spp. (0.2%). We estimated D. nihonkaiense diphyllobothriasis incidence as 52 cases/year. We observed a predominance of cases during March-July, coinciding with the cherry salmon and immature chum salmon fishing season, but cases were present year-round, suggesting that other fish could be involved in transmission to humans. Because of increased salmon trade, increased tourism in Japan, and lack of awareness of the risks associated with eating raw fish, cases of D. nihonkaiense diphyllobothriasis are expected to rise. Therefore, information regarding these concerning parasitic infections and warnings of the potential risks associated with these infections must be disseminated to consumers, food producers, restaurant owners, physicians, and travelers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Female; Food Parasitology; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Seasons; Young Adult
PubMed: 30016246
DOI: 10.3201/eid2408.171454 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2018Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens...
Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens isolated in Korea have been recorded. Present study was performed to provide information to diagnose the etiologic agent of sparganosis by multiplex PCR using mitochondrial genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. In an effort to examine the differential diagnosis of spirometrid tapeworms, multiplex PCR assays were performed on plerocercoid larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The PCR products obtained using species-specific primers were positively detected in all PCR assays on mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens DNA. S. erinaceieuropaei-specific bands (239 bp and 401 bp) were obtained from all PCR assays using a mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Se-2018R; Se/Sd-7955F and Se-8356R) and S. erinaceieuropaei template DNA. S. decipiens-specific bands (540 bp and 644 bp) were also detected in all PCR assays containing mixtures of S. decipiens-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Sd-2317R; Se/Sd-7955F and Sd-8567R) and S. decipiens template DNA. Sequence analyses on these species-specific bands revealed 100% sequence identity with homologous regions of the mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The multiplex PCR assay was useful for differential diagnosis of human sparganosis by detecting different sizes in species-specific bands.
Topics: DNA, Helminth; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sparganosis; Species Specificity; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29996635
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.295 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Feb 2018Tapeworm (cestode) infections occur worldwide even in developed countries and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections. Nonetheless,...
BACKGROUND
Tapeworm (cestode) infections occur worldwide even in developed countries and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections. Nonetheless, recent epidemiological data on cestode infections are limited. Our objectives were to elucidate the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of diphyllobothriosis and taeniosis in Tokyo, Japan.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We retrospectively reviewed 24 cases of human intestinal cestode infection from January 2006 to December 2015 at a tertiary referral hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The patients included were diagnosed with cestode infection based on morphological and/or molecular identification of expelled proglottids and/or eggs and treated in our hospital. Fifteen and 9 patients were diagnosed with diphyllobothriosis and taeniosis, respectively. The median patient age was 31 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26-42 years), and 13 (54%) were male. Most of the patients (91.7%) were Japanese. All patients were successfully treated with praziquantel without recurrence. Diphyllobothriosis was caused by Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in all patients. Taeniosis was due to infection of Taenia saginata in 8 [88.9%] patients and T. asiatica in 1 [11.1%] patient. All patients with taeniosis were infected outside Japan, as opposed to those with diphyllobothriosis, which were domestic. The source locations of taeniosis were mostly in developing regions. The median duration of the stay of the patients with taeniosis at the respective source location was 1 month (IQR: 1-8).
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
The cestode infection, especially with D. nihonkaiense, has frequently occurred, even in Japanese cities, thereby implicating the probable increase in the prevalence of diphyllobothriosis among travelers, as the number of travelers is expected to increase owing to the Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics in 2020. In addition, medical practitioners should be aware of the importance of providing advice to travelers to endemic countries of taeniosis, including the potential risks of infection and preventive methods for these infections.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anticestodal Agents; Cestode Infections; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Male; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Taenia saginata; Taeniasis; Tertiary Care Centers; Tokyo
PubMed: 29462133
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006297 -
BMC Ophthalmology Jan 2018Sparganosis is one of the neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonoses, with higher prevalence in Asian countries. The infection is commonly located in the...
BACKGROUND
Sparganosis is one of the neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonoses, with higher prevalence in Asian countries. The infection is commonly located in the subcutaneous tissue, brain, breast, and lung, but fewer reported infections involve the eye. Because the majority of patients with sparganosis are adults, it is likely to be missed in children.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 8-year-old boy presented to our clinic complaining of a painless ocular mass in his right eye for 1 month. The boy had a history of eating frogs and frog poultice applications to his eyelids. The patient was checked for an elliptical mass near the medial wall of the right eye. Serodiagnosis testing was positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During surgical operation on the patient, calcified parasite eggs and foreign body granulomatous reaction were found using histological examination. Due to early detection and surgery, the patient fully recovered with no damage to his eyesight.
CONCLUSIONS
Although rare, ocular sparganosis should be suspected in a mass of the eye when there is a history of eating frogs and frog poultice applications on eyelids. Early surgical resection is important for a good prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Humans; Male; Orbit; Orbital Diseases; Sparganosis; Sparganum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29357839
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0675-8 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2017Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra include species whose larval stages can infect humans, causing a disease called sparganosis. Cases of human infection with adult worms...
BACKGROUND
Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra include species whose larval stages can infect humans, causing a disease called sparganosis. Cases of human infection with adult worms are very rare and have been reported in Korea and China. Here we report the first case of human infection with an adult of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in Vietnam.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 23-year-old male was admitted to 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam with fever, weight loss and epigastric discomfort. Preliminary diagnosis based on discovery of parasite eggs in his faeces incorrectly determined a fluke as the agent of the infection and praziquantel was prescribed. Two days later he passed out proglottids in his stool. The tapeworm was identified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei using morphological and molecular tools.
CONCLUSION
This is the first case of human infection with adult worm of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in Vietnam.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Sparganosis; Spirometra; Vietnam; Young Adult
PubMed: 29017468
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2786-x -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Aug 2017Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare...
Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare cases were reported in tropical or subtropical areas especially in children. The first documented case of pediatric diphyllobothriasis in Taiwan had been reported 11 years ago. Here, we report another 8-year-old girl case who presented with a live noodle-like worm hanging down from her anus, with no other detectable symptoms. We pulled the worm out and found the strobila being 260 cm in length. Examination of gravid proglottids showed that they were wider than their lengths, containing an ovoid cirrus sac in the anterior side and the rosette-shaped uterus. Eggs extracted from the uterus were ovoid and operculated. Diphyllobothrium latum was confirmed by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The girl was treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and no eggs or proglottids were observed from her stool in the subsequent 3 months. The reemergence of human diphyllobothriasis in non-endemic countries is probably due to prevalent habit of eating imported raw fish from endemic areas. This pediatric case raised our concern that human diphyllobothriasis is likely underestimated because of unremarkable symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Introduced Species; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel; Taiwan
PubMed: 28877575
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.425 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Aug 2017Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the sparganum, the plercercoid of the genus Spirometra. The preoperative diagnosis of breast sparganosis is difficult in...
Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the sparganum, the plercercoid of the genus Spirometra. The preoperative diagnosis of breast sparganosis is difficult in most cases because it is a rare parasitic infection less than 2% of all cases. We report a 62-year-old woman case of breast sparganosis that were confirmed by surgical removal of worms from the right breast. The radiologic images of the patient also revealed characteristic features of breast sparganosis. The patient described the migrating palpable breast mass, which strongly suggested the possibility of breast sparganosis. The treatment of choice and confirmative diagnosis for sparganosis are complete surgical extraction of the sparganum irrespective of infected site. Inspection of the mass site with detailed medical history and radiological examinations are important for preoperative diagnosis of sparganosis patients.
Topics: Animals; Breast Diseases; Female; Humans; Mammography; Middle Aged; Sparganosis; Sparganum
PubMed: 28877574
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.421 -
Tropical Biomedicine Sep 2017Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in China and only 15 cases have been reported since 1927. We document a case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection...
Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in China and only 15 cases have been reported since 1927. We document a case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection caused by the ingestion of raw fish in a 23-year-old woman in Dalian (Liaoning Province), and diphyllobothriasis latum in China is briefly reviewed. The patient experienced abdominal discomfort for about 6 months with a history of discharging proglottids in the feces. The morphologic characteristic of the gravid proglottids and eggs were identified as that of Diphyllobothrium latum. The patient was treated with pumpkin seed powder (100g) and betel nut(100g) on an empty stomach. The majority of reported human cases occurred due to the ingestion of raw or uncooked fish, such as pikes, burbots, trouts, perch and salmons. The patient is the first case reported in Dalian (Lianning Province).
PubMed: 33592940
DOI: No ID Found -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2017We described 4 human infection cases of zoonotic fish-tapeworm, , identified with morphological and molecular characters and briefly reviewed Chinese cases in... (Review)
Review
We described 4 human infection cases of zoonotic fish-tapeworm, , identified with morphological and molecular characters and briefly reviewed Chinese cases in consideration of it as an emerging parasitic disease in China. The scolex and mature and gravid proglottids of some cases were seen, a rosette-shaped uterus was observed in the middle of the mature and gravid proglottids, and the diphyllobothriid eggs were yellowish-brown in color and displayed a small knob or abopercular protuberance on the opposite end of a lid-like opening. The average size of the eggs was recorded as 62-6742-45 μm. The parasitic materials gathered from 4 human cases were morphologically identified as belonging to the genera and . The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene of the etiologic agents confirmed that the 4 cases were infection. The finding of 4 additional cases suggests that might be a major causative species of human diphyllobothriasis in China. A combined morphological and molecular analysis is the main method to confirm infection.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Base Sequence; China; Cytochromes c1; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Female; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Phylogeny
PubMed: 28719957
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.319 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Jul 2017It is clinically important to differentiate tissue-invading helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive...
It is clinically important to differentiate tissue-invading helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive rates for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis 4 helminthiases from 1996 to 2006 using multi-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Korea. Results of 6,017 samples, which were referred to our institute for serodiagnosis, were analyzed. The subjects with positive serum IgG antibodies were 1,502 (25.0%) for any of the 4 helminthiases. The overall positive numbers for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis were 728 (12.1%), 166 (2.8%), 729 (12.1%), and 263 (4.4%), respectively. The positive serologic reaction to multi-antigens was determined in 309 (20.6%) of the 1,502 total seropositive subjects. Those with multi-antigen positivity were regarded as positive for the antigen of strongest reaction but cross-reaction to others with weak positive reaction. Annual seropositive rates for those 4 tissue helminthiases ranged from 12.1% to 35.7%. The highest rate was observed in age from 60 to 69 years old and prevalence of men (27.4%; 1,030/3,763) was significantly higher than of women (19.1%; 332/1,741). Hospital records of 165 ELISA positive patients were reviewed to confirm correlation with their clinical diagnosis. Paragonimiasis was highly correlated as 81.8% (9/11), cysticercosis 29.9% (20/67), clonorchiasis 29.0% (20/69), and sparganosis 11.1% (2/18). In conclusion, the multi-antigen ELISA using 4 helminth antigens is useful to differentiate suspected tissue-invading helminthiases, especially ELISA diagnosis of paragonimiasis is reliable. The seropositivity is still high among suspected patients in Korea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Helminth; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonorchiasis; Cross Reactions; Cysticercosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Republic of Korea; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Serologic Tests; Sparganosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 28581268
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1118