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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) are the two most prevalent infectious diseases in cattle. They both can cause...
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) are the two most prevalent infectious diseases in cattle. They both can cause persistent infection and immunosuppression, resulting in significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Therefore, rapid detection of early BVDV and IBRV infections is crucial. In this study, a method for the rapid detection of BVDV and IBRV was established by using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow device (LFD). By optimizing the temperature and time conditions of the RPA reaction, the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical performance were evaluated. The results indicated that the RPA reaction could be completed at 40°C within 25 min. The LOD for BVDV and IBRV by RPA-LFD were 5.1 × 10 copies/μL and 6.65 × 10 copies/μL, respectively, with no cross-reactivity observed with other viruses such as CSFV, BRSV, BPIV3, BRV, and BCoV. Testing of 32 clinical samples showed consistent results between RPA-LFD and qPCR. The RPA-LFD method established in this study can be used for the rapid clinical detection of BVDV and IBRV, which providing a rapid and convenient molecular biology approach for on-site rapid detection and epidemiological investigations. Simultaneously, it offers technical support for the prevention and control of these viruses.
PubMed: 38601910
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360504 -
RSC Advances Jan 2024A reversible acid-base probe, (NE, NE)-N, N-bis(()-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (MM1), is introduced for the colorimetric visualization of...
A reversible acid-base probe, (NE, NE)-N, N-bis(()-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine (MM1), is introduced for the colorimetric visualization of acid-base equilibria in non-aqueous media. MM1 displays reversible acidochromic behavior, showing exciting colorimetric change varying from weak to strong acid. Also, we have fabricated a colorimetric paper strip-based test kit to visualize acid-base equilibria. A dipstick experiment has been demonstrated to visualize the acid-base equilibria in the gaseous state. This acid-base probe has also been employed to estimate the p values of several acidic compounds in a non-aqueous medium using overlapping indicator methods. Based on reversible acidochromic UV-visible absorption spectral and colorimetric behavior, we have constructed a reconfigurable dual input and dual output combinational logic circuit and set-reset memorized device employing acid and base as chemically encoded inputs and corresponding optical outputs. The current report evokes a new protocol for developing various reversible acidochromic probes and its implication for constructing opto-chemical molecular logic gates and estimating the acid dissociation constants of various acidic compounds in non-aqueous media.
PubMed: 38259994
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04696f -
Biosensors Dec 2023Ketones are well-known biomarkers of fat oxidation produced in the liver as a result of lipolysis. These biomarkers include acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid...
Ketones are well-known biomarkers of fat oxidation produced in the liver as a result of lipolysis. These biomarkers include acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood/urine and acetone in our breath and skin. Monitoring ketone production in the body is essential for people who use caloric intake deficit to reduce body weight or use ketogenic diets for wellness or therapeutic treatments. Current methods to monitor ketones include urine dipsticks, capillary blood monitors, and breath analyzers. However, these existing methods have certain disadvantages that preclude them from being used more widely. In this work, we introduce a novel acetone sensor device that can detect acetone levels in breath and overcome the drawbacks of existing sensing approaches. The critical element of the device is a robust sensor with the capability to measure acetone using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip and convenient data analysis from a red, green, and blue deconvolution imaging approach. The acetone sensor device demonstrated sensitivity of detection in the micromolar-concentration range, selectivity for detection of acetone in breath, and a lifetime stability of at least one month. The sensor device utility was probed with real tests on breath samples using an established blood ketone reference method.
Topics: Humans; Acetone; Body Fluids; Ketones; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38248381
DOI: 10.3390/bios14010004 -
Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and...To assess the performance of a new urinary intermittent catheter (IC) prototype designed with a micro-hole drainage zone compared to a conventional eyelet catheter (CEC)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Improved Performance With the Micro-Hole Zone Intermittent Catheter: A Combined Analysis of 3 Randomized Controlled Studies Comparing the New Catheter Technology With a Conventional Eyelet Catheter.
PURPOSE
To assess the performance of a new urinary intermittent catheter (IC) prototype designed with a micro-hole drainage zone compared to a conventional eyelet catheter (CEC) in terms of flow-stop, bladder emptying, and hematuria.
DESIGN
Randomized controlled crossover studies.
SUBJECT AND SETTING
The sample comprised 15 male healthy volunteers (HV) and 15 IC users, along with 15 female HV and 15 IC users. The age range was lower for HV participants than for IC users (range: 20-57 years for HV vs 21-82 years for IC users). The study setting was the Department of Urology, located in Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen.
METHODS
Number of flow-stop incidents, residual urine volume at first flow-stop (RV1), and dipstick hematuria were measured during and after catheterization by a health care professional (HV) and by self-catheterisation (IC-users). Results from the 3 studies were combined for HV and IC users on RV1 and number of flow-stop incidents but separated on sex. For incidents of hematuria, an effect of underlying condition was assumed, and a combined analysis on sex was performed, separating HV and IC users.
RESULTS
When compared to the micro-hole drainage zone design, catheterizations with CEC resulted in a significantly higher mean RV1 (mean difference: 49 mL in males and 32 mL in females, both P < .001) and average number of flow-stop incidents (8 and 21 times more frequent for males and females, respectively, both P < .001). The likelihood for hematuria was 5.84 higher with CEC than with micro-hole drainage hole design, P = .053, during normal micturition in HV postcatheterization. No serious adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSION
The micro-hole drainage zone catheter provides IC users fewer premature flow-stops. This design feature reduces modifiable urinary tract infection risk factors, such as residual urine and micro-trauma; additional research is needed to determine its effects on bladder health.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Hematuria; Technology; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 37966080
DOI: 10.1097/WON.0000000000001029 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Aug 2023To address the situation that the accuracy of concentration intervals (CI) corresponding to dipstick grades is not given by the manufacturers or literature, we developed...
BACKGROUND
To address the situation that the accuracy of concentration intervals (CI) corresponding to dipstick grades is not given by the manufacturers or literature, we developed a method that determined reasonable dipstick grades with concentration intervals (GCIs) based on the percent agreement (PA) and discussed the GCI application to comparability among currently dipstick tests.
METHODS
By comparing the results of 2 dipstick tests (iChem and KU-500) with the quantitative test (AU5800), the GCIs were verified and established based on the PAs, which were calculated and used as an indicator of GCI's accuracy. The overlap (percent) between the 2 GCIs with the same grade (2 dipstick devices), was calculated and used to evaluate the agreement between their test results.
RESULTS
After verification and adjustment, the GCI and PA combinations for iChem Velocity were as follows: - (<0.1 g/l, 85 %), ± (0.1-0.3 g/l, 66 %), 1+ (0.3-1 g/l, 78 %), 2+ (1-3 g/l, 74 %), 3+ (3-6 g/l, 77 %), and 4+ (≥6 g/l, 84 %). The determined GCI and PA combinations for KU-500 were: - (<0.1.2 g/l, 75 %), ± (0.12-0.5 g/l, 63 %), 1+ (0.5-1.2 g/l, 69 %), 2+ (1.2-3.2 g/l, 76 %), and 3+ (≥3.2 g/l, 82 %). The GCI overlaps between the 2 dipstick devices were - (83 %), ± (45 %), 1+ (56 %), 2+ (82 %), and 3+ or ≥3+ (94 %). The overall overlap was 72 %. Since the overlaps ± (45 %) and 1+ (56 %) were within the overlap reject limit for any grade (70 %), and the overall overlap (72 %) was within the overall overlap reject limit (80 %), the test results of the 2 devices were not comparable.
CONCLUSIONS
GCIs can be verified and established correctly based on PAs, and industry standards for dipstick tests can be established based on GCIs and PAs. Comparability between dipstick devices, historical data, and literature data can be roughly determined based on the overlap.
Topics: Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urinalysis; Reagent Strips
PubMed: 37500032
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117500 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must... (Review)
Review
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
PubMed: 37456253
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Lyme disease, one of the most common tickborne diseases, has been rapidly spreading in parallel with the expansion of the range of its tick vector. Better tick...
Lyme disease, one of the most common tickborne diseases, has been rapidly spreading in parallel with the expansion of the range of its tick vector. Better tick surveillance efforts are needed to accurately estimate disease risk and to guide public health and clinical management. We have developed two multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reactions coupled with oligonucleotide strand displacement (OSD) probes to identify the tick host, Ixodes scapularis, and the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, they carry. In each multiplex LAMP-OSD assay the co-presence of two target sequences is computed at the DNA level by linking the two corresponding amplicons and detecting the co-product on colorimetric lateral flow dipsticks. In tests with synthetic DNA, the co-presence of as few as four copies of input DNA could be detected, without producing spurious signals. Most importantly, though, the LAMP-OSD assay is amenable to being carried out directly with macerated tick samples, without any sample preparation. In such field conditions, assays performed robustly and demonstrated 97-100% sensitivity and 100% specificity with both field-collected and lab-raised artificially infected ticks. Such easy-to-use, arthropod and pathogen-specific assays would be well suited to field and near patient use without relying on complex instrumentation or infrastructure.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ixodes; Borrelia; Colorimetry; Lyme Disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; Nucleic Acids
PubMed: 37454160
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38452-8 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Aug 2023Given the lack of accurate rapid diagnostics for urinary tract infection (UTI) in women, many countries have developed guidelines aiming to support appropriate... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Given the lack of accurate rapid diagnostics for urinary tract infection (UTI) in women, many countries have developed guidelines aiming to support appropriate antibiotic prescribing, but some guidelines have not been validated. We performed a diagnostic accuracy validation study of two guidelines: Public Health England (GW-1263) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN160).
METHODS
We used data from women with symptoms suggestive of uncomplicated UTI from a randomized controlled trial comparing urine collection devices. Symptom information was recorded via baseline questionnaire and primary care assessment. Women provided urine samples for dipstick testing and culture. We calculated the number within each risk category of diagnostic flowcharts who had positive/mixed growth/no significant growth urine culture. Results were presented as positive/negative predictive values, with 95% CIs.
RESULTS
Of women aged under 65 years, 311/509 (61.1%, 95% CI 56.7%-65.3%) classified to the highest risk category (recommended to consider immediate antibiotic prescribing) and 80/199 (40.2%, 95% CI 33.4%-47.4%) classified to the lowest risk category (recommended to reassure that UTI is less likely) by the GW-1263 guideline (n = 810) had positive culture. For the SIGN160 guideline (n = 814), the proportion with positive culture ranged from 60/82 (73.2%, 95% CI 62.1%-82.1%) in those for whom immediate treatment was indicated to 33/76 (43.4%, 95% CI 32.3%-55.3%) in those recommended a self-care/waiting strategy.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians should be aware of the potential for diagnostic error when using diagnostic guidelines for managing uncomplicated UTI and making antimicrobial prescribing decisions. Infection cannot be excluded on the basis of symptoms and dipstick testing alone.
Topics: Humans; Female; Urinalysis; Urinary Tract Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Predictive Value of Tests; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 37401673
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad212 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2023Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common species in the genus Campylobacter that causes foodborne diseases. The main reservoirs harboring C. jejuni are...
Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common species in the genus Campylobacter that causes foodborne diseases. The main reservoirs harboring C. jejuni are poultry products, which are associated with most illnesses, creating a demand for effective detection methods to achieve point-of-need diagnostics. We developed an easy-to-use, hybrid paper/polymer-based microfluidic device that integrates paper-based DNA extraction, isothermal nucleic acid amplification, and lateral flow detection. Overall, the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reaction was completed in 20 min and demonstrated 100% specificity to C. jejuni, including 2 reference strains and 6 wild strains isolated from the agroecosystem, 9 other Campylobacter subspecies strains, and 11 non-Campylobacter strains. The limit of detection (LOD) was 46 CFU/mL with DNA extracted on the cellulose paper. The sensitivity was reduced to 460 CFU/mL on the integrated hybrid paper/polymer-based microfluidic device. This device could detect C. jejuni spiked at concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 CFU/g in chicken meat after an enrichment of 5 to 10 h. For C. jejuni levels of >10 CFU/g, it managed to confirm positive results immediately, without bacterial enrichment. RPA reagents and primers remained stable on the paper platform at 22°C for 12 h. After lyophilization and storage on paper, the RPA reaction showed consistent sensitivity for 3 days, and the LOD was reduced to 10 CFU/mL when storage was extended to 25 days. The use of this hybrid paper/polymer-based microfluidic device enabled detection of Campylobacter in foods with high specificity and sensitivity, demonstrating its potential as a reliable point-of-need diagnostic platform for on-site conditions due to its low cost, portability, and simplicity. The global health and economic burden of Campylobacter prompts the development of novel detection techniques that can be implemented in resource-limited and on-site settings. This study described point-of-need identification of C. jejuni using a hybrid paper/polymer-based microfluidic device that is easy to operate. This device had high specificity and sensitivity toward C. jejuni and significantly reduced the total analysis time compared to conventional culture-based methods. Nucleic acid extraction was simplified from intensive pipetting to a paper dipstick, making it more convenient for use in the field as a promising tool for future routine surveillance and outbreak investigation.
Topics: Animals; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Campylobacter; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Nucleic Acids; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37382522
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00695-23