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Poultry Science May 2024The capacity of combinations of feed enzymes, natural betaine and a probiotic, combined with alternative plant-based ingredients, to totally replace soybean meal (SBM)...
Total replacement of soybean meal with alternative plant-based ingredients and a combination of feed additives in broiler diets from 1 day of age during the whole growing period.
The capacity of combinations of feed enzymes, natural betaine and a probiotic, combined with alternative plant-based ingredients, to totally replace soybean meal (SBM) in a broiler diet was evaluated. Day-old Ross 308 males (2,574) were assigned to 9 treatments (13 pens/treatment, 22 birds/pen) in a completely randomized design. All diets were pelleted and fed ad libitum in 4 phases: starter, grower, finisher 1, finisher 2 (0-10, 10-21, 21-35, and 35-42 d of age, respectively). Treatments included: 1) control diet containing SBM (SBM control), supplemented with phytase (PhyG), at 2,000, 1,500, 1000 and 1,000 FTU/kg in each phase and xylanase (X) at 750 U/kg, [crude protein (CP): 23.5%, 22.0%, 20.2% and 19.3% in each phase]; 2) to 5), alternative (ALT), SBM-free diets, containing the same CP level as the control ("CP high"), supplemented with PhyG as in the control, protease (P, 800 U/kg) and in 2) xylanase (750 U/kg) (ALT+PhyG+P+X), 3) xylanase-β-glucanase (XB, 1,200 U/kg and 152 U/kg) (Alt+PhyG+P+XB), 4) XB plus betaine (800 g/ton) (ALT+PhyG+P+XB+Bet), and 5) XB plus a probiotic [150,000 colony forming units (CFU)/g] (ALT+PhyG+P+XB+Prob); 6) to 9) as treatments 2) to 5) but with CP reduced by -2.0 to -1.5% points vs. control ('CP low'). Final (d 42) BW and overall (d 0-42) feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds fed the SBM control exceeded breeder objectives (+3.8% and -1.9%, respectively). Overall FCR was reduced and d 42 BW increased in birds fed "low" vs. "high" CP (P < 0.01). Overall FCR and feed intake were not different in ALT+PhyG+XB+P+Bet and ALT+PhyG+XB+P+Prob vs. the control, whereas final BW was reduced (P < 0.05) in all ALT treatments but close to breeder objectives (98.3%) in ALT+PhyG+XB+P+Prob. Feed costs of this treatment were similar to the control. Total replacement of SBM with alternative plant-based ingredients in a CP-low diet supplemented with hydrolytic enzymes and probiotics can achieve growth performance outcomes close to commercial breeder objectives.
PubMed: 38815497
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103854 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... May 2024
Topics: Humans; United States; Hepatitis C; Hepacivirus
PubMed: 38814852
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7321a4 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... May 2024
Topics: Humans; United States; Aged; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; Middle Aged; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Female; Male; Aged, 80 and over; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
PubMed: 38814851
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7321a3 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Animals; United States; Influenza, Human; Cattle; Disease Outbreaks; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Cattle Diseases; Female; Male
PubMed: 38814843
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7321e1 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Disease Outbreaks; New York City; Chickenpox; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Female; Male; Infant; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 38814821
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7321a1 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... May 2024
Topics: Humans; United States; West Nile Fever; Arbovirus Infections; Disease Notification; Adult
PubMed: 38814815
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7321a2 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Dementia; Adult; Age of Onset; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38814647
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12870 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Students; Male; Female; United States; Young Adult; Universities; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute; Adult; Adolescent
PubMed: 38814646
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13874 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024
Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Humans; Acute Coronary Syndrome; COVID-19; Female; Male; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; Aged; Middle Aged; Vaccination
PubMed: 38814645
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13946 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Many US states are substantially increasing community-based naloxone distribution, supported in part through settlements from opioid manufacturers and distributors.
IMPORTANCE
Many US states are substantially increasing community-based naloxone distribution, supported in part through settlements from opioid manufacturers and distributors.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the potential impact of increased naloxone availability on opioid overdose deaths (OODs) and explore strategies to enhance this impact by integrating interventions to address solitary drug use.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This decision analytical modeling study used PROFOUND (Prevention and Rescue of Fentanyl and Other Opioid Overdoses Using Optimized Naloxone Distribution Strategies), a previously published simulation model, to forecast annual OODs between January 2023 and December 2025. The simulated study population included individuals from Rhode Island who misused opioids and stimulants and were at risk for opioid overdose.
EXPOSURES
The study modeled expanded naloxone distribution supported by the state's opioid settlement (50 000 naloxone nasal spray kits each year). Two approaches to expanding naloxone distribution were evaluated: one based on historical spatial patterns of naloxone distribution (supply-based approach) and one based on the spatial distribution of individuals at risk (demand-based approach). In addition, hypothetical interventions to enhance the likelihood of witnessed overdoses in private or semiprivate settings were considered.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Annual number of OODs and ratio of fatal to nonfatal opioid overdoses.
RESULTS
Modeling results indicated that distributing more naloxone supported by the state's opioid settlement could reduce OODs by 6.3% (95% simulation interval [SI], 0.3%-13.7%) and 8.8% (95% SI, 1.8%-17.5%) in 2025 with the supply-based and demand-based approaches, respectively. However, increasing witnessed overdoses by 20% to 60% demonstrated greater potential for reducing OODs, ranging from 8.5% (95% SI, 0.0%-20.3%) to 24.1% (95% SI, 8.6%-39.3%). Notably, synergistic associations were observed when combining both interventions: increased naloxone distribution with the 2 approaches and a 60% increase in witnessed overdoses could reduce OODs in 2025 by 33.5% (95% SI, 17.1%-50.4%) and 37.4% (95% SI, 19.6%-56.3%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These findings suggest that interventions to address solitary drug use are needed to maximize the impact of continued efforts to increase community-based naloxone distribution, which may be particularly important for jurisdictions that have strong community-based naloxone distribution programs.
Topics: Naloxone; Humans; Narcotic Antagonists; Rhode Island; Opiate Overdose; Analgesics, Opioid; Opioid-Related Disorders; Drug Overdose
PubMed: 38814644
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13861