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Bioscience Trends Jun 2024The brain-gut axis intricately links gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis to the development or worsening of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the precise GM composition...
The brain-gut axis intricately links gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis to the development or worsening of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the precise GM composition in ASD and the effectiveness of probiotics are unclear. To address this, we performed a thorough meta-analysis of 28 studies spanning PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE, involving 1,256 children with ASD and 1042 neurotypical children, up to February 2024. Using Revman 5.3, we analyzed the relative abundance of 8 phyla and 64 genera. While individuals with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in included phyla, they exhibited elevated levels of Parabacteroides, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Dorea, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Catenibacterium, and Collinsella along with reduced percentages of Barnesiella, Odoribacter, Paraprevotella, Blautia, Turicibacter, Lachnospira, Pseudomonas, Parasutterella, Haemophilus, and Bifidobacterium. Notably, discrepancies in Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Dorea, Phascolarctobacterium, Catenibacterium, Odoribacter, and Bifidobacterium persisted even upon systematic exclusion of individual studies. Consequently, the GM of individuals with ASD demonstrates an imbalance, with potential increases or decreases in both beneficial and harmful bacteria. Therefore, personalized probiotic interventions tailored to ASD specifics are imperative, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
PubMed: 38897955
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01123 -
Cancers May 2024The United States is suffering from an epidemic associated with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) predominantly responsible for the development of head...
The United States is suffering from an epidemic associated with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) predominantly responsible for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 has shown poor efficacy in HNSCC patients, observing only a 20-30% response. Therefore, biological marker identification associated with PD-1 blockade response is important to improve prognosis and define novel therapeutics for HNSCC patients. Therapy response was associated with increased frequencies of activated CD27T cells, activated CD79a B cells, antigen-presenting CD74 dendritic and B cells, and PD-L1 and PD-L2 myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The oral microbiota composition differed significantly in mice bearing tongue tumors and treated with anti-PD-1. A higher abundance of , , , or was associated with response to the therapy. However, an increase in was attributed to tongue tumor-bearing non-responding mice. Our findings indicate that differences in immune phenotypes, protein expression, and bacterial abundance occur as mice develop tongue tumors and are treated with anti-PD-1. These results may have a clinical impact as specific bacteria and immune phenotype could serve as biomarkers for treatment response in HNSCC.
PubMed: 38893183
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112065 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) meal levels on the nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microflora...
The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) meal levels on the nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microflora of beef cattle in vitro. A total of 24 fermentation tanks were randomly divided into four treatments containing 0% COS (CON), 0.02% COS, 0.04% COS, and 0.08% COS for an 8-day experiment period, with each treatment comprising six replicates. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and total gas production were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and ADF were greatest, whereas the total gas production was lowest in the 0.08% COS group. The pH, NH-N, MCP, the content of propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, valerate, and the A/P were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels, while the A/P were linearly decreased. The pH, MCP, and the content of propionate, and butyrate were highest, whereas the NH-N and the content of acetate, isobutyrate, valerate, and the A/P were lowest in the 0.08% COS group. Microbiomics analysis showed that the rumen microbial diversity was not altered between the CON and the 0.08% COS group. However, the relative abundance of , , , and groups was increased, and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria and showed a decrease in the 0.08% COS group. Overall, the 0.08% COS was the most effective among the three addition levels, resulting in an increase in the disappearance rate of in vitro fermented nutrients and improvements in rumen fermentation indexes and microbial communities. This, in turn, led to the maintenance of rumen health.
PubMed: 38891704
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111657 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024This study aimed to investigate the effects of the dietary fiber pectin on the gut microbiota and health of parturient sows. A total of 30 parity 5-7, multiparous...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the dietary fiber pectin on the gut microbiota and health of parturient sows. A total of 30 parity 5-7, multiparous gestation sows (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups after mating: Con (control, basic diet) and Pec (pectin, 3%). The sows received the two diets during gestation, and all sows were fed the same standard basic diet during lactation. The results of β-diversity showed that the composition of the gut microbiota was different in the Con and Pec groups. Compared with the sows in the Con group, the Pec sows showed a higher abundance of the gut bacteria and and a lower abundance of harmful bacteria (, , , ). On the other hand, the SCFA plasma concentration was increased in the Pec group, while pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) concentrations were decreased. In conclusion, the soluble dietary fiber pectin could improve the reproductive performance and health of sows by increasing the abundance of some commensal bacteria enhancing the metabolite SCFA levels and reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine plasma levels.
PubMed: 38891606
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111559 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Gut microbiota can regulate the metabolic and immunological aspects of ischemic stroke and modulate the treatment effects. The present study aimed to identify specific...
Gut microbiota can regulate the metabolic and immunological aspects of ischemic stroke and modulate the treatment effects. The present study aimed to identify specific changes in gut microbiota in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke and assess the potential association between gut microbiota and clinical features of ischemic stroke. A total of 63 CSVD patients, 64 cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients, and 36 matching normal controls (NCs) were included in this study. The fecal samples were collected for all participants and analyzed for gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The abundances of five gut microbiota, including genera Bifidobacterium, Butyricimonas, Blautia, and Dorea and species Bifidobacterium_longum, showed significant changes with high specificity in the LVO patients as compared to the NCs and CSVD patients. In LVO patients, the genera Bifidobacterium and Blautia and species Bifidobacterium_longum were significantly correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at the admission and discharge of the patients. Serum triglyceride levels could significantly affect the association of the abundance of genus Bifidobacterium and species Bifidobacterium_longum with the NIHSS scores at admission and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge in LVO patients. The identification of five gut microbiota with high specificity were identified in the early stage of LVO stroke, which contributed to performed an effective clinical management for LVO ischemic stroke.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Ischemic Stroke; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Feces; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Bifidobacterium; Brain Ischemia
PubMed: 38890373
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64819-6 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Early detection of depression is important for preventing depression-related suicides and reducing the risk of recurrence. This study explored the association between...
INTRODUCTION
Early detection of depression is important for preventing depression-related suicides and reducing the risk of recurrence. This study explored the association between depression and intestinal microbiota and developed a depression risk-estimation method based on this.
METHODS
The intestinal microbiota of Japanese patients with depression (33 males and 35 females) and disease-free controls (246 males and 384 females) in their 20's to 60's were compared by sex using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A depression-risk estimation method was developed using structural equation modeling.
RESULTS
Intestinal bacteria taxa that differed between depression and control groups were identified based on effect size (absolute value greater than 0.2). was more abundant, while , , _XlVb, and were less abundant in the male depression group compared to the male control group. In the female depression group, , , and were more abundant, whereas and were less abundant compared to the female control group. Several of the intestinal bacterial taxa that were less abundant in depression were associated with butyrate or hydrogen production. Using these depression-associated intestinal bacteria as indicators, risk-estimation models using structural equation modeling for depression were developed. In the risk-estimation models for males and females, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.72 and 0.70, respectively, indicating that these models can distinguish between individuals with and without depression.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides insights into depression etiology and aids in its early detection and treatment.
PubMed: 38863614
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1382175 -
Brain and Behavior Jun 2024Gut dysbiosis has been established as a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCH). However, the signatures regarding SCH patients with prominent negative symptoms (SCH-N) in...
BACKGROUND
Gut dysbiosis has been established as a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCH). However, the signatures regarding SCH patients with prominent negative symptoms (SCH-N) in young adults have been poorly elucidated.
METHODS
Stool samples were obtained from 30 young adults with SCH-N, 32 SCH patients with prominent positive symptoms (SCH-P) along with 36 healthy controls (HCs). Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Meanwhile, psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).
RESULTS
There is a significant difference in β-diversity but not α-diversity indexes among the three groups. Moreover, we found a higher abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla and a lower abundance of Firmicutes phyla in SCH-N when compared with HC. Besides, we identified a diagnostic potential panel comprising six genera (Coprococcus, Monoglobus, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Escherichia-Shigella, Dorea, and Butyricicoccus) that can distinguish SCH-N from HC (area under the curve = 0.939). However, the difference in microbial composition between the SCH-N and SCH-P is much less than that between SCH-N and the HC, and SCH-N and SCH-P cannot be effectively distinguished by gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION
The composition of gut microbiota was changed in the patients with SCH-N, which may help in further understanding of pathogenesis in young adults with SCH-N.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Male; Young Adult; Female; Adult; Feces; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38841824
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3579 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024Oyster reefs are invaluable ecosystems that provide a wide array of critical ecosystem services, including water filtration, coastal protection, and habitat provision...
Oyster reefs are invaluable ecosystems that provide a wide array of critical ecosystem services, including water filtration, coastal protection, and habitat provision for various marine species. However, these essential habitats face escalating threats from climate change and anthropogenic stressors. To combat these challenges, numerous oyster restoration initiatives have been undertaken, representing a global effort to preserve and restore these vital ecosystems. A significant, yet poorly understood, component of oyster reefs is the microbial communities. These communities account for a substantial proportion of marine reefs and are pivotal in driving key biogeochemical processes. Particularly, the environmental microbiome plays a crucial role in supporting the health and resilience of oyster populations. In our study, we sought to shed light on the microbiome within oyster reef ecosystems by characterizing the abundance, and diversity of microorganisms in the soil, biofilm, and oysters in 4 sites using a combinatorial approach to identify differentially abundant microbes by sample type and by sampling location. Our investigation revealed distinct microbial taxa in oysters, sediment and biofilm. The maximum Shannon Index indicated a slightly increased diversity in Heron's Head (5.47), followed by Brickyard park (5.35), Dunphy Park (5.17) and Point Pinole (4.85). This is likely to be driven by significantly higher oyster mortality observed at Point Pinole during routine monitoring and restoration efforts. Interestingly and were positively associated with the biofilm. Yet we have limited understanding of their beneficial and/or detrimental implications to oyster growth and survival. By unraveling the intricate relationships in microbial composition across an oyster reef, our study contributes to advancing the knowledge needed to support effective oyster reef conservation and restoration efforts.
PubMed: 38798377
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594453 -
Microbial Genomics May 2024The genus (family , phylum ) includes only one cultivated species so far, isolated from human faeces and capable of deglycosylating dietary polyphenols and degrading...
The genus (family , phylum ) includes only one cultivated species so far, isolated from human faeces and capable of deglycosylating dietary polyphenols and degrading flavonoid aglycones. Another human intestinal strain not taxonomically resolved at that time was recently genome-sequenced. We analysed the genome of this novel isolate, designated , and showed its ability to deglycosylate -coupled flavone and xanthone glucosides and -coupled flavonoid glycosides. Most of the resulting aglycones were further degraded to the corresponding phenolic acids. Including the recently sequenced genome of and ten faecal metagenome-assembled genomes assigned to the genus , we performed a comparative genome analysis and searched for genes encoding potential -glycosidases and other polyphenol-converting enzymes. According to genome data and physiological characterization, the core metabolism of strains is based on a fermentative lifestyle with butyrate production and hydrogen evolution. Both and encode a flavonoid -glycosidase, a flavone reductase, a flavanone/flavanonol-cleaving reductase and a phloretin hydrolase. Several gene clusters encode enzymes similar to those of the flavonoid -deglycosylation system of strain PUE (DgpBC), while separately located genes encode putative polyphenol-glucoside oxidases (DgpA) required for -deglycosylation. The diversity of and gene clusters might explain the broad -glycoside substrate spectrum of and . The other genomes encode only a few potential flavonoid-converting enzymes. Our results indicate that several species are well-equipped to deglycosylate and degrade dietary plant polyphenols and might inhabit a corresponding, specific niche in the gut.
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Flavonoids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Flavones; Glycosides; Phylogeny; Feces; Glycosylation; Xanthones
PubMed: 38785231
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001245 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by core features in social communication impairment and...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by core features in social communication impairment and restricted, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. This study aimed to further investigate the utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in children with ASD, both with and without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, evaluate the effect of FMT and analyze the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition within the gut microbiota.
METHODS
A total of 38 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study and underwent oral lyophilized FMT treatment. The dosage of the FMT treatment was determined based on a ratio of 1 g of donor stool per 1 kg of recipient body weight, with a frequency of once every 4 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. In addition, 30 healthy controls (HC) were included in the analysis. The clinical efficacy of FMT was evaluated, while the composition of fecal bacteria and fungi was determined using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing methods.
RESULTS
Median age of the 38 children with ASD was 7 years. Among these children, 84.2% (32 of 38) were boys and 81.6% (31 of 38) exhibited GI symptoms, with indigestion, constipation and diarrhea being the most common symptoms. Sample collections and assessments were conducted at baseline (week 0), post-treatment (week 12) and follow-up (week 20). At the end of the follow-up phase after FMT treatment, the autism behavior checklist (ABC) scores decreased by 23% from baseline, and there was a 10% reduction in scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), a 6% reduction in scores on the social responsiveness scale (SRS) and a 10% reduction in scores on the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). In addition, short-term adverse events observed included vomiting and fever in 2 participants, which were self-limiting and resolved within 24 h, and no long-term adverse events were observed. Although there was no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity in children with ASD before and after FMT therapy, the FMT treatment resulted in alterations in the relative abundances of various bacterial and fungal genera in the samples of ASD patients. Comparisons between children with ASD and healthy controls (HC) revealed statistically significant differences in microbial abundance before and after FMT. , , and were more abundant in children with ASD than in HC, while were less abundant. After FMT treatment, levels of , and decreased, while levels of increased. Moreover, the increased abundances of and were negatively correlated with the scores of ASD core symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral lyophilized FMT could improve GI and ASD related symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, and alter the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in children with ASD.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200055943. Registered 28 January 2022, www.chictr.org.cn.
PubMed: 38783921
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1369823