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Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with unknown causes and inadequate therapies. Inspired by the important roles of gut microbiota in some...
A preliminary study for the clinical effect of one combinational physiotherapy and its potential influence on gut microbial composition in children with Tourette syndrome.
INTRODUCTION
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with unknown causes and inadequate therapies. Inspired by the important roles of gut microbiota in some mental illnesses, the interactions between gut microbiota and TS via the gut-brain axis have gained more and more attention. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbial profiles in children with TS, and explore the clinical effects of one combinational physiotherapy and its potential influence on gut microbial composition.
METHODS
The gut microbial profiles were depicted based on the sequence data of 32 patients and 29 matched health children by 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing. Thirty of thirty-two patients underwent uninterrupted two 10-day courses of combinational physiotherapy, which included a 60-minute cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) training followed by a 30-minute biofeedback training per session, 2 sessions a day.
RESULTS
Our results indicated that the gut microbial composition in children with TS was different from that in healthy controls. Multiple GBM neurotransmitter modules obtained through Picrust2 functional predictive analysis were significantly increased in patients, including Histamine degradation, Dopamine degradation, and DOPAC synthesis. Moreover, this combinational physiotherapy could significantly diminish tic activity, whose positive effects were first reported in children with TS. Lastly, different gut microbial compositions and predictive metabolic pathways were also observed between patients before and after this treatment, with lower abundances of the genera (e.g., ) and significant decreases of GBM neurotransmitter modules (e.g. dopamine degradation) in patients after this treatment, indicating that improved clinical symptoms might be accompanied by an improvement of intestinal microenvironment.
DISCUSSION
Children with TS showed a cognizable gut microbial profile, and certain enriched bacteria with pro-inflammatory potential might induce neuroinflammatory responses. This combinational physiotherapy could significantly diminish tic activity, and the gut microbial compositions in patients after this treatment were different from those without any treatment, indicating the existence of bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis in TS. But studies on the gut microbial characteristics in TS patients, the influences of gut microbiota on tic severity, the efficacy and safety of this treatment, and the bidirectional regulatory mechanism between brain signals and gut microbiota in TS still need to be explored.
PubMed: 37781119
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1184311 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver... Sep 2023Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are established predictors of heart failure (HF). However, the human gut microbiota is suggested to potentially interact with the...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are established predictors of heart failure (HF). However, the human gut microbiota is suggested to potentially interact with the cardiovascular system through the "gut-heart axis", which induces inflammation and contributes to HF pathogenesis. This systematic review aims to confirm the interconnection between the gut microbiome in HF patients.
METHODS
Peer-reviewed human studies comparing the gut microbiota profile in adult patients with HF and healthy controls (HCs) up to April 18, 2022, were searched in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
RESULTS
A total of nine studies, including 317 HF patients and 510 HCs, were included in the review. Decreased gut microbiota richness and similar microbial diversity (alpha diversity), and significantly different gut microbiota composition (beta diversity) were observed between HF patients and HCs. In comparison to HCs, HF patients had a greater abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Synergistetes phyla; Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Veilonella genera and Ruminococcus gnavus, Streptococcus sp., and Veilonella sp. species. In contrast, there was decreased abundance of Firmicutes phylum; Blautia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae FCS020 genera; and Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Oscillibacter sp., and Sutterella wadsworthensis species in HF patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition in HF patients differ significantly from the healthy population. Overall, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota was depleted in HF patients. However, different underlying comorbidities, environments, lifestyles, and dietary choices could affect gut microbiota heterogeneity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet; Bacteria; Heart Failure; Inflammation
PubMed: 37774217
DOI: 10.15403/jgld-4779 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Puerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic...
Puerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic pathway of puerarin to daidzein by DgpABC of Dorea sp. PUE strain was reported as puerarin (1) → 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) → daidzein (3) + hexose enediolone (C). The second reaction is the cleavage of the glycosidic C-C bond, supposedly through the quinoid intermediate (4). In this work, the glycosidic C-C bond cleavage reaction of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) was theoretically studied by means of DFT calculation to elucidate chemical reaction mechanism, along with biochemical energetics of puerarin metabolism. It was found that bioenergetics of puerarin metabolism is slightly endergonic by 4.99 kcal/mol, mainly due to the reaction step of hexose enediolone (C) to 3''-oxo-glucose (A). The result implied that there could be additional biochemical reactions for the metabolism of hexose enediolone (C) to overcome the thermodynamic energy barrier of 4.59 kcal/mol. The computational study focused on the C-C bond cleavage of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) found that formation of the quinoid intermediate (4) was not accessible thermodynamically, rather the reaction was initiated by the deprotonation of 2''C-H proton of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2). The 2''C-dehydro-3''-oxo-puerarin (2a2C) anionic species produced hexose enediolone (C) and 8-dehydro-daidzein anion (3a8), and the latter quickly converted to daidzein through the daidzein anion (3a7). Our study also explains why the reverse reaction of C-glycoside formation from daidzein (3) and hexose enediolone (C) is not feasible.
Topics: Humans; Isoflavones; Glucosides; Equol; Glucose; Cardiac Glycosides; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 37770535
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43379-1 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The association between gut microbiota and depression has barely been investigated in the Japanese population. We...
Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The association between gut microbiota and depression has barely been investigated in the Japanese population. We analyzed Iwaki health check-up data collected from 2017 to 2019 and constructed generalized linear mixed models. The independent variable was the relative abundance of each of the 37 gut microbiota genera that were reported to be associated with depression. The dependent variable was the presence of depression assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Potential confounders, including grip strength, gender, height, weight, smoking, and drinking habits, were adjusted in the regression models. Nine genera's regression coefficients (, , , , , , , , and ) showed statistical significance after multiple comparisons adjustment. Among these nine gut bacteria genera, , , , , , and were reported to be associated with butyrate production in the intestine. Our results indicate that gut microbiotas may influence the depression condition of the host via the butyrate-producing process.
PubMed: 37764129
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092286 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Wholegrains contain both fibre and phenolic acids (PAs), and their gastrointestinal modifications are critical for their bioavailability and bioactivity. We evaluated...
Wholegrains contain both fibre and phenolic acids (PAs), and their gastrointestinal modifications are critical for their bioavailability and bioactivity. We evaluated the modifications on the PA profile and gut microbiota composition of selected Nigerian wholegrains, following cooking and gastrointestinal digestion. Red fonio, red millet, red sorghum, and white corn were cooked, digested, and fermented using an in vitro colonic model. A total of 26 PA derivatives were quantified in soluble and bound fractions using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. DNA samples were analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to profile the microbiota composition. The results show that cooking and digestion significantly affected the levels of PAs in all grains ( ≤ 0.05) compared to raw grains. Colonic fermentation resulted in a peak of total soluble PAs at 4-6 h for red sorghum and white corn and at 24 h for red millet and red fonio. genera were the most abundant at 24 h in all grains studied. 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde correlated positively with the relative abundance of and the mucus-degrader bacteria ( ≤ 0.05), whereas hydroferulic acid and isoferulic acid levels correlated negatively with and ( ≤ 0.05), respectively. Our data indicate that cooking, digestion, and colonic fermentation affect the release of bound PAs from wholegrains and, consequently, their metabolic conversion. Furthermore, PA fermentation in the gut is associated with potentially relevant changes in the microbiota. This in vitro study provides the basis for the design of an in vivo human intervention study that can confirm the trends herein observed but also assess the impact on health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Chromatography, Liquid; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Cooking; Edible Grain; Digestion
PubMed: 37762412
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814111 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Sep 2023The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of COVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be characterised. In this cohort study, we collected blood and stool...
The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of COVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be characterised. In this cohort study, we collected blood and stool samples of 121 BNT162b2 and 40 CoronaVac vaccinees at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months post vaccination (p.v.). Neutralisation antibody, plasma cytokine and chemokines were measured and associated with the gut microbiota and metabolome composition. A significantly higher level of neutralising antibody (at 6 months p.v.) was found in BNT162b2 vaccinees who had higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Roseburia faecis as well as higher concentrations of nicotinic acid (Vitamin B) and γ-Aminobutyric acid (P < 0.05) at baseline. CoronaVac vaccinees with high neutralising antibodies at 6 months p.v. had an increased relative abundance of Phocaeicola dorei, a lower relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a higher concentration of L-tryptophan (P < 0.05) at baseline. A higher antibody level at 6 months p.v. was also associated with a higher relative abundance of Dorea formicigenerans at 1 month p.v. among CoronaVac vaccinees (Rho = 0.62, p = 0.001, FDR = 0.123). Of the species altered following vaccination, 79.4% and 42.0% in the CoronaVac and BNT162b2 groups, respectively, recovered at 6 months. Specific to CoronaVac vaccinees, both bacteriome and virome diversity depleted following vaccination and did not recover to baseline at 6 months p.v. (FDR < 0.1). In conclusion, this study identified potential microbiota-based adjuvants that may extend the durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; BNT162 Vaccine; Cohort Studies; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Antibodies, Neutralizing
PubMed: 37743379
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01629-8 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Much research has been conducted regarding the impact of diet on the gut microbiota. However, the effects of dietary habits such as intermittent fasting are unclear....
Much research has been conducted regarding the impact of diet on the gut microbiota. However, the effects of dietary habits such as intermittent fasting are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on the gut microbiota. The study was conducted on 12 healthy adult individuals who practiced fasting 17 h per day for 29 consecutive days during the month of Ramadan. To determine the dietary intake of individuals, a 3-day dietary record was kept at the beginning and end of the study. Reads that passed quality filtering were clustered, and custom-prepared 16S rRNA gene regions of bacteria associated with the human microbiome were used as a reference. Consensus sequences were created, and genus-level taxonomic annotations were determined using a sequence identity threshold of 95%. The correlations between the dietary intake measurements of the participants and the respective relative abundance of bacterial genera were investigated. The results showed that Firmicutes were higher in abundance in the gut microbiota before fasting among participants, while they were significantly lower in abundance at the end of Ramadan fasting ( < 0.05). Proteobacteria were significantly higher in abundance at the end of the month of Ramadan ( < 0.05). Fasting was associated with a significant decrease in levels of seven genera: , and . Conversely, the abundances of two bacterial genera were enhanced at the end of the fasting month: and . The results of the dietary intake analysis showed that a negative correlation was detected for three comparisons: and protein (rho = -0.54, = 0.0068), and vegetables (rho = -0.54, = 0.0042), and and nuts (rho = -0.54, -value = 0.0065). The results suggest that even when the fasting period during Ramadan is consistent, the types of food consumed by individuals can affect the gut microbiota.
PubMed: 37705730
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203205 -
Food Science & Nutrition Sep 2023Macadamia oil cake (MOC) is a type of macadamia nut by-product, that is extremely rich in amino acids and has beneficial health effects. It lowers blood lipid levels and...
Macadamia oil cake (MOC) is a type of macadamia nut by-product, that is extremely rich in amino acids and has beneficial health effects. It lowers blood lipid levels and regulates the intestinal microbiota. MOC effectively attenuated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in model rats. Depending on the morphology of the colon, MOC can effectively attenuate damage to the tissue structure. The 16S rDNA gene of the rat intestinal microbiota was sequenced using Illumina PE250 high-throughput sequencing technology, and the changes in the intestinal microbiota in each group are discussed. Supplementing MOC at different doses significantly increased the microbiota of , , , etc. in the intestinal tracts of rats fed a high-fat diet. Therefore, MOC can be included in lipid healthy dietary patterns to lower lipid characteristics and restructure the intestinal microbiota. Future clinical trials are required to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hypolipidemia.
PubMed: 37701238
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3490 -
Journal of Asthma and Allergy 2023Recent studies had shown that gut microbiota played a significant role in the development of the immune system and may affect the course of airway allergic disease. We...
PURPOSE
Recent studies had shown that gut microbiota played a significant role in the development of the immune system and may affect the course of airway allergic disease. We conducted this study to determine unique gut microbial associated with allergic disease in children by shotgun gene sequencing.
METHODS
We collected fecal samples from children with allergic asthma (n = 23) and allergic rhinitis (n = 18), and healthy control (n = 19). The gut microbiota of specimens was analyzed by high-throughput metagenomic shotgun gene sequencing.
RESULTS
The intestinal microbiota of children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis was characterized by increased microbial richness and diversity. Simpson and Shannon were significantly elevated in children with allergic asthma. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the gut microbial communities cluster patterns of children with asthma or rhinitis were significantly different from those of healthy controls. However, no significant difference was found between asthma group and rhinitis group At the phylum level, higher relative abundance of Firmicutes was found in the allergic rhinitis group and allergic asthma group, while the level of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower. At the genus level, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Dorea, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Rothia were significantly enriched in the allergic asthma group. Finally, a random forest classifier model selected 16 general signatures to discriminate the allergic asthma group from the healthy control group.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, children in the allergic rhinitis group and allergic asthma group had altered gut microbiomes in comparison with the healthy control group. Compared to healthy children, the gut microbiome in children with allergic diseases has higher pro-inflammatory potential and increased production of pro-inflammatory molecules.
PubMed: 37700874
DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S422537 -
Diabetes Dec 2023Prediabetes is a metabolic condition associated with gut microbiome composition, although mechanisms remain elusive. We searched for fecal metabolites, a readout of gut...
UNLABELLED
Prediabetes is a metabolic condition associated with gut microbiome composition, although mechanisms remain elusive. We searched for fecal metabolites, a readout of gut microbiome function, associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 142 individuals with IFG and 1,105 healthy individuals from the UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK). We used the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) cohort (318 IFG individuals, 689 healthy individuals) to replicate our findings. We linearly combined eight IFG-positively associated metabolites (1-methylxantine, nicotinate, glucuronate, uridine, cholesterol, serine, caffeine, and protoporphyrin IX) into an IFG-metabolite score, which was significantly associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) for IFG (TwinsUK: OR 3.9 [95% CI 3.02-5.02], P < 0.0001, KORA: OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.16-1.52], P < 0.0001) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D; TwinsUK: hazard ratio 4 [95% CI 1.97-8], P = 0.0002). Although these are host-produced metabolites, we found that the gut microbiome is strongly associated with their fecal levels (area under the curve >70%). Abundances of Faecalibacillus intestinalis, Dorea formicigenerans, Ruminococcus torques, and Dorea sp. AF24-7LB were positively associated with IFG, and such associations were partially mediated by 1-methylxanthine and nicotinate (variance accounted for mean 14.4% [SD 5.1], P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the gut microbiome is linked to prediabetes not only via the production of microbial metabolites but also by affecting intestinal absorption/excretion of host-produced metabolites and xenobiotics, which are correlated with the risk of IFG. Fecal metabolites enable modeling of another mechanism of gut microbiome effect on prediabetes and T2D onset.
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Prediabetes is a metabolic condition associated with gut microbiome composition, although mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated whether there is a fecal metabolite signature of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and the possible underlying mechanisms of action. We identified a fecal metabolite signature of IFG associated with prevalent IFG in two independent cohorts and incident type 2 diabetes in a subanalysis. Although the signature consists of metabolites of nonmicrobial origin, it is strongly correlated with gut microbiome composition. Fecal metabolites enable modeling of another mechanism of gut microbiome effect on prediabetes by affecting intestinal absorption or excretion of host compounds and xenobiotics.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Niacin; Fasting; Glucose; Blood Glucose
PubMed: 37699401
DOI: 10.2337/db23-0170