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Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... May 2024Currently, different guidelines recommend using different methods to determine whether deduplication is necessary when determining the detection rates of...
Implications of deduplication on the detection rates of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) in various specimens: insights from the hospital infection surveillance program.
BACKGROUND
Currently, different guidelines recommend using different methods to determine whether deduplication is necessary when determining the detection rates of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). However, few studies have investigated the effect of deduplication on MDRO monitoring data. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of deduplication on the detection rates of MDROs in different specimens to assess its impact on infection surveillance outcomes.
METHODS
Samples were collected from hospitalized patients admitted between January 2022 and December 2022; four types of specimens were collected from key monitored MDROs, including sputum samples, urine samples, blood samples, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. In this study, we compared and analysed the detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) under two conditions: with and without deduplication.
RESULTS
When all specimens were included, the detection rates of CRKP, CRAB, CRPA, and MRSA without deduplication (33.52%, 77.24%, 44.56%, and 56.58%, respectively) were significantly greater than those with deduplication (24.78%, 66.25%, 36.24%, and 50.83%, respectively) (all P < 0.05). The detection rates in sputum samples were significantly different between samples without duplication (28.39%, 76.19%, 46.95%, and 70.43%) and those with deduplication (19.99%, 63.00%, 38.05%, and 64.50%) (all P < 0.05). When deduplication was not performed, the rate of detection of CRKP in urine samples reached 30.05%, surpassing the rate observed with deduplication (21.56%) (P < 0.05). In BALF specimens, the detection rates of CRKP and CRPA without deduplication (39.78% and 53.23%, respectively) were greater than those with deduplication (31.62% and 42.20%, respectively) (P < 0.05). In blood samples, deduplication did not have a significant impact on the detection rates of MDROs.
CONCLUSION
Deduplication had a significant effect on the detection rates of MDROs in sputum, urine, and BALF samples. Based on these data, we call for the Infection Prevention and Control Organization to align its analysis rules with those of the Bacterial Resistance Surveillance Organization when monitoring MDRO detection rates.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Cross Infection; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Sputum; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Acinetobacter baumannii; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Carbapenems; Escherichia coli; Epidemiological Monitoring; Hospitals
PubMed: 38769515
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01408-2 -
Plant Direct May 2024Inbred-hybrid breeding of diploid potatoes necessitates breeding lines that are self-compatible. One way of incorporating self-compatibility into incompatible cultivated...
Inbred-hybrid breeding of diploid potatoes necessitates breeding lines that are self-compatible. One way of incorporating self-compatibility into incompatible cultivated potato () germplasm is to introduce the inhibitor gene (), which functions as a dominant inhibitor of gametophytic self-incompatibility. To learn more about diversity and function in wild species relatives of cultivated potato, we obtained gene sequences that extended from the 5'UTR to the 3'UTR from 133 individuals from 22 wild species relatives of potato and eight diverse cultivated potato clones. DNA sequence alignment and phylogenetic trees based on genomic and protein sequences show that there are two highly conserved groups of sequences. DNA sequences in one group contain the 533 bp insertion upstream of the start codon identified previously in self-compatible potato. The second group lacks the insertion. Three diploid and four polyploid individuals of wild species collected from geographically disjointed localities contained with the 533 bp insertion. For most of the wild species clones examined, however, did not have the insertion. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that sequences with the insertion, in wild species and in cultivated clones, trace back to a single origin. Some diploid wild potatoes that have with the insertion were self-incompatible and some wild potatoes that lack the insertion were self-compatible. Although there is evidence of positive selection for some codon positions in , there is no evidence of diversifying selection at the gene level. In silico analysis of Sli protein structure did not support the hypothesis that amino acid changes from wild-type (no insertion) to insertion-type account for changes in protein function. Our study demonstrated that genetic factors besides the gene must be important for conditioning a switch in the mating system from self-incompatible to self-compatible in wild potatoes.
PubMed: 38766508
DOI: 10.1002/pld3.589 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) is increasingly used for a diverse range of wounds. Meanwhile, the topical wound irrigation...
Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) is increasingly used for a diverse range of wounds. Meanwhile, the topical wound irrigation solution consisting of polyhexamethylene biguanide and betaine (PHMB-B) has shown efficacy in managing wound infections. However, the effectiveness of this solution as a topical instillation solution for NPWTi-d in patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) has not been thoroughly studied. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of using PHMB-B as the instillation solution during NPWTi-d on reducing bioburden and improving clinical outcomes in patients with DFIs. Between January 2017 and December 2022, a series of patients with DFIs received treatment with NPWTi-d, using either PHMB-B or normal saline as the instillation solution. Data collected retrospectively included demographic information, baseline wound characteristics, and treatment outcomes. The study included 61 patients in the PHMB-B group and 73 patients in the normal saline group, all diagnosed with DFIs. In comparison to patients treated with normal saline, patients with PHMB-B exhibited no significant differences in terms of wound bed preparation time (P = 0.5034), length of hospital stay (P = 0.6783), NPWTi-d application times (P = 0.1458), duration of systematic antimicrobial administration (P = 0.3567), or overall cost of hospitalization (P = 0.6713). The findings of the study suggest that the use of either PHMB-B or normal saline as an instillation solution in NPWTi-d for DFIs shows promise and effectiveness, yet no clinical distinction was observed between the two solutions.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Male; Female; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Middle Aged; Saline Solution; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Aged; Biguanides; Wound Healing; Wound Infection; Therapeutic Irrigation; Betaine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38763922
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58900-3 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024To explore a new method to implant deciduous tooth pulp into the canal of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis for the regenerative...
To explore a new method to implant deciduous tooth pulp into the canal of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis for the regenerative endodontic treatment of tooth no: 41 in a 7-year-old male. Briefly, 1.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation and calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste were used as root canal disinfectant at the first visit. After 2 weeks, the intracanal medication was removed, and the root canal was slowly rinsed with 17% Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), followed by flushing with 20 mL saline and then drying with paper points. Tooth no: 72 was extracted, and its pulp was extracted and subsequently implanted into the disinfected root canal along with induced apical bleeding. Calcium hydroxide iodoform paste was gently placed over the bleeding clot, and after forming a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) coronal barrier, the accessed cavities were restored using Z350 resin composite. The root developments were evaluated radiographic imaging at 6 months, 1 year and 5 years after treatment. Imaging and clinical analysis showed closure of the apical foramen, thickening of the root canal wall, and satisfactory root length growth. Autologous transplantation might be useful to regenerate dental pulp in necrotic young permanent teeth.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Dental Pulp; Tooth, Deciduous; Incisor; Calcium Compounds; Aluminum Compounds; Oxides; Drug Combinations; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Silicates; Follow-Up Studies; Regenerative Endodontics; Mandible; Calcium Hydroxide; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Root Canal Therapy; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Filling Materials; Periapical Periodontitis; Sodium Hypochlorite; Dental Pulp Cavity; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated
PubMed: 38755996
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.071 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024There is currently a lack of research on the application of newly developed irrigation techniques in root canal treatment of primary teeth. This study aimed to evaluate...
There is currently a lack of research on the application of newly developed irrigation techniques in root canal treatment of primary teeth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various irrigation activation techniques on two key parameters: apical debris extrusion (ADE) and dentinal tubule penetration depth (DTPD) of the root canal filling material. A total of 96 primary mandibular second molars were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1-Conventional Needle Irrigation (CNI), Group 2-XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), Group 3-EndoActivator (EA), and Group 4-Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). In all groups, the One Reci single-file system was used for root canal preparation. For ADE measurement, each group was rinsed with distilled water. For DTPD assessment, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was applied. ADE quantification was performed by collecting debris in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. A combination of fluorescent dye and root canal filling material (DiaPex Plus) was used for root canal filling. In order to examine DTPD, horizontal cross-sections of the coronal and apical regions of the teeth were taken with a thickness of 1 mm. The maximum and mean DTPD was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, One-way ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U tests ( = 0.05). As a result, PUI had the highest mean ADE and CNI had the lowest mean ADE, while CNI had the highest mean DTPD in both the coronal and apical regions, whereas PUI had the lowest mean DTPD in the coronal region, and EA had the lowest mean DTPD in the apical region. There were no statistically significant differences in DTPD and ADE among the four groups. Comparing intragroup maximum DTPD across all groups, it was significantly higher in the coronal region than in the apical region ( < 0.05). ADE and DTPD of root canal filling materials in primary teeth did not differ significantly among CNI, XPF, EA and PUI irrigation activation techniques.
Topics: Humans; Tooth, Deciduous; Therapeutic Irrigation; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Molar; Sodium Hypochlorite; Microscopy, Confocal; Root Canal Filling Materials; Dental Pulp Cavity; Needles
PubMed: 38755994
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.069 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024The upper and lower respiratory tract may share microbiome because they are directly continuous, and the nasal microbiome contributes partially to the composition of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
UNLABELLED
The upper and lower respiratory tract may share microbiome because they are directly continuous, and the nasal microbiome contributes partially to the composition of the lung microbiome. But little is known about the upper and lower airway microbiome of early postoperative lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared paired nasal swab (NS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microbiome from 17 early postoperative LTRs. The microbiome between the two compartments were significantly different in Shannon diversity and beta diversity. Four and eight core NS-associated and BALF-associated microbiome were identified, respectively. NS samples harbored more , and , while BALF contained more , , and . The within-subject dissimilarity was higher than the between-subject dissimilarity, indicating a greater impact of sampling sites than sampling individuals on microbial difference. There were both difference and homogeneity between NS and BALF microbiome in early postoperative LTRs. High levels of pathogens were detected in both samples, suggesting that both of them can reflect the diseases characteristics of transplanted lung. The differences between upper and lower airway microbiome mainly come from sampling sites instead of sampling individuals.
IMPORTANCE
Lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease, but its outcome is much worse than other solid organ transplants. Little is known about the NS and BALF microbiome of early postoperative LTRs. Here, we compared paired samples of the nasal and lung microbiome from 17 early postoperative LTRs and showed both difference and homogeneity between the two samples. Most of the "core" microbiome in both NS and BALF samples were recognized respiratory pathogens, suggesting that both samples can reflect the diseases characteristics of transplanted lung. We also found that the differences between upper and lower airway microbiome in early postoperative LTRs mainly come from sampling sites instead of sampling individuals.
Topics: Lung Transplantation; Humans; Microbiota; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Male; Female; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Adult; Transplant Recipients; Lung; Postoperative Period; Aged; Respiratory System
PubMed: 38747583
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03791-23 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Exploring the effect of SJQJD on the pulmonary microbiota of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.
OBJECTIVE
Exploring the effect of SJQJD on the pulmonary microbiota of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.
METHODS
A COPD rat model was constructed through smoking and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and the efficacy of SJQJD was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay (ELISA). The alveolar lavage fluid of rats was subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. The diversity of lung microbiota composition and community structure was analyzed and differential microbiota were screened. Additionally, machine learning algorithms were used for screening biomarkers of each group of the microbiota.
RESULTS
SJQJD could improve lung structure and inflammatory response in COPD rats. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis showed that SJQJD could significantly improve the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in COPD rats. Through differential analysis and machine learning methods, potential microbial biomarkers were identified as , , and .
CONCLUSION
SJQJD could improve tissue morphology and local inflammatory response in COPD rats, and its effect may be related to improve pulmonary microbiota.
Topics: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Animals; Microbiota; Lung; Rats; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Bacteria; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38746785
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1379831 -
Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Apr 2024HOCl (eg, pHAp) preserved solutions have antimicrobial properties and are considered safe and effective for wound management. NPWTi-d (or NPWTi) is an established...
BACKGROUND
HOCl (eg, pHAp) preserved solutions have antimicrobial properties and are considered safe and effective for wound management. NPWTi-d (or NPWTi) is an established adjunctive wound modality for a variety of wound etiologies in various anatomic locations in which an instillate solution dwells on the surface of the wound to assist in wound bed preparation. A variety of solutions have been used, including 0.9% normal saline wound cleansers and antiseptics. pHAp is growing in popularity as the solution of choice for NPWTi-d.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate consensus statements on the use of NPWTi-d with pHAp.
METHODS
A 15-member multidisciplinary panel of expert clinicians in the United States, Canada, and France convened in person in April 2023 in Washington, D.C. and/or corresponded later to discuss 10 statements on the use of pHAp with NPWTi-d. The panelists then replied "agree" or "disagree" to each statement and had the option to provide comments.
RESULTS
Ten consensus statements are presented, along with the proportion of agreement or disagreement and summary comments. Although agreement with the statements on NPWTi-d with pHAp varied, the statements appear to reflect individual preferences for use rather than concerns about safety or efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The consensus indicates that NPWTi-d with pHAp can have a beneficial effect in wound care.
Topics: Humans; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Hypochlorous Acid; Consensus; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; Therapeutic Irrigation; Canada; Wound Infection; United States
PubMed: 38743855
DOI: 10.25270/wnds/23143 -
Transplant International : Official... 2024Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a challenge for lung transplantation (LTx) recipients as a leading cause of poor early outcomes. New methods are needed for more...
Proteomic Analysis of Primary Graft Dysfunction in Porcine Lung Transplantation Reveals Alveolar-Capillary Barrier Changes Underlying the High Particle Flow Rate in Exhaled Breath.
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a challenge for lung transplantation (LTx) recipients as a leading cause of poor early outcomes. New methods are needed for more detailed monitoring and understanding of the pathophysiology of PGD. The measurement of particle flow rate (PFR) in exhaled breath is a novel tool to monitor and understand the disease at the proteomic level. In total, 22 recipient pigs underwent orthotopic left LTx and were evaluated for PGD on postoperative day 3. Exhaled breath particles (EBPs) were evaluated by mass spectrometry and the proteome was compared to tissue biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Findings were confirmed in EBPs from 11 human transplant recipients. Recipients with PGD had significantly higher PFR [686.4 (449.7-8,824.0) particles per minute (ppm)] compared to recipients without PGD [116.6 (79.7-307.4) ppm, = 0.0005]. Porcine and human EBP proteins recapitulated proteins found in the BAL, demonstrating its utility instead of more invasive techniques. Furthermore, adherens and tight junction proteins were underexpressed in PGD tissue. Histological and proteomic analysis found significant changes to the alveolar-capillary barrier explaining the high PFR in PGD. Exhaled breath measurement is proposed as a rapid and non-invasive bedside measurement of PGD.
Topics: Animals; Lung Transplantation; Proteomics; Primary Graft Dysfunction; Swine; Humans; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Male; Exhalation
PubMed: 38741700
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12298 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Apr 2024Asthma is a common airway disease associated with allergic inflammation. Environmental factors, such as pollens, pollution, insect-borne antigens, or commercial...
Asthma is a common airway disease associated with allergic inflammation. Environmental factors, such as pollens, pollution, insect-borne antigens, or commercial chemicals, cause this disease. The common symptoms of this airway allergic reaction are increasing mucus, narrowing of the airway wall, coughing, and chest tightness. Medications, such as steroids, alleviate the disease but with severe side effects. Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory effects of tree-based essential oil components, particularly 3-carene. Therefore, this study used 3-carene to determine if it alleviates asthmatic symptoms in the murine model. First, BALB/c mice were sensitized to an ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide mixture on day 7 and 14. From days 21 to 23, the mice were challenged with 3-carene and budesonide. The lung trachea, plasma, and bronchiolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid) were collected on day 24. The 3-carene treatment suppressed the cytokine gene expression, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, reducing the lung epithelial cell thickness in the asthmatic model. These results suggest that essential oil 3-carene has an anti-asthmatic effect.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Bicyclic Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38736266
DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2024.2.08