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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Exploring the effect of SJQJD on the pulmonary microbiota of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.
OBJECTIVE
Exploring the effect of SJQJD on the pulmonary microbiota of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.
METHODS
A COPD rat model was constructed through smoking and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and the efficacy of SJQJD was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay (ELISA). The alveolar lavage fluid of rats was subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. The diversity of lung microbiota composition and community structure was analyzed and differential microbiota were screened. Additionally, machine learning algorithms were used for screening biomarkers of each group of the microbiota.
RESULTS
SJQJD could improve lung structure and inflammatory response in COPD rats. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis showed that SJQJD could significantly improve the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in COPD rats. Through differential analysis and machine learning methods, potential microbial biomarkers were identified as , , and .
CONCLUSION
SJQJD could improve tissue morphology and local inflammatory response in COPD rats, and its effect may be related to improve pulmonary microbiota.
Topics: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Animals; Microbiota; Lung; Rats; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Bacteria; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38746785
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1379831 -
Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Apr 2024HOCl (eg, pHAp) preserved solutions have antimicrobial properties and are considered safe and effective for wound management. NPWTi-d (or NPWTi) is an established...
BACKGROUND
HOCl (eg, pHAp) preserved solutions have antimicrobial properties and are considered safe and effective for wound management. NPWTi-d (or NPWTi) is an established adjunctive wound modality for a variety of wound etiologies in various anatomic locations in which an instillate solution dwells on the surface of the wound to assist in wound bed preparation. A variety of solutions have been used, including 0.9% normal saline wound cleansers and antiseptics. pHAp is growing in popularity as the solution of choice for NPWTi-d.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate consensus statements on the use of NPWTi-d with pHAp.
METHODS
A 15-member multidisciplinary panel of expert clinicians in the United States, Canada, and France convened in person in April 2023 in Washington, D.C. and/or corresponded later to discuss 10 statements on the use of pHAp with NPWTi-d. The panelists then replied "agree" or "disagree" to each statement and had the option to provide comments.
RESULTS
Ten consensus statements are presented, along with the proportion of agreement or disagreement and summary comments. Although agreement with the statements on NPWTi-d with pHAp varied, the statements appear to reflect individual preferences for use rather than concerns about safety or efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The consensus indicates that NPWTi-d with pHAp can have a beneficial effect in wound care.
Topics: Humans; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Hypochlorous Acid; Consensus; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; Therapeutic Irrigation; Canada; Wound Infection; United States
PubMed: 38743855
DOI: 10.25270/wnds/23143 -
Transplant International : Official... 2024Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a challenge for lung transplantation (LTx) recipients as a leading cause of poor early outcomes. New methods are needed for more...
Proteomic Analysis of Primary Graft Dysfunction in Porcine Lung Transplantation Reveals Alveolar-Capillary Barrier Changes Underlying the High Particle Flow Rate in Exhaled Breath.
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a challenge for lung transplantation (LTx) recipients as a leading cause of poor early outcomes. New methods are needed for more detailed monitoring and understanding of the pathophysiology of PGD. The measurement of particle flow rate (PFR) in exhaled breath is a novel tool to monitor and understand the disease at the proteomic level. In total, 22 recipient pigs underwent orthotopic left LTx and were evaluated for PGD on postoperative day 3. Exhaled breath particles (EBPs) were evaluated by mass spectrometry and the proteome was compared to tissue biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Findings were confirmed in EBPs from 11 human transplant recipients. Recipients with PGD had significantly higher PFR [686.4 (449.7-8,824.0) particles per minute (ppm)] compared to recipients without PGD [116.6 (79.7-307.4) ppm, = 0.0005]. Porcine and human EBP proteins recapitulated proteins found in the BAL, demonstrating its utility instead of more invasive techniques. Furthermore, adherens and tight junction proteins were underexpressed in PGD tissue. Histological and proteomic analysis found significant changes to the alveolar-capillary barrier explaining the high PFR in PGD. Exhaled breath measurement is proposed as a rapid and non-invasive bedside measurement of PGD.
Topics: Animals; Lung Transplantation; Proteomics; Primary Graft Dysfunction; Swine; Humans; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Male; Exhalation
PubMed: 38741700
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12298 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Apr 2024Asthma is a common airway disease associated with allergic inflammation. Environmental factors, such as pollens, pollution, insect-borne antigens, or commercial...
Asthma is a common airway disease associated with allergic inflammation. Environmental factors, such as pollens, pollution, insect-borne antigens, or commercial chemicals, cause this disease. The common symptoms of this airway allergic reaction are increasing mucus, narrowing of the airway wall, coughing, and chest tightness. Medications, such as steroids, alleviate the disease but with severe side effects. Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory effects of tree-based essential oil components, particularly 3-carene. Therefore, this study used 3-carene to determine if it alleviates asthmatic symptoms in the murine model. First, BALB/c mice were sensitized to an ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide mixture on day 7 and 14. From days 21 to 23, the mice were challenged with 3-carene and budesonide. The lung trachea, plasma, and bronchiolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid) were collected on day 24. The 3-carene treatment suppressed the cytokine gene expression, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, reducing the lung epithelial cell thickness in the asthmatic model. These results suggest that essential oil 3-carene has an anti-asthmatic effect.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Bicyclic Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38736266
DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2024.2.08 -
Virulence Dec 2024The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a...
OBJECTIVES
The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a critical prognostic factor for patients.
METHODS
On the first and third days of ICU admission, BALF, throat swab, and anal swab were collected, resulting in a total of 288 samples. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA analysis and the traceability analysis of new generation technology.
RESULTS
On the first day, among the top five microbiota species in abundance, four species were found to be identical in BALF and throat samples. Similarly, on the third day, three microbiota species were found to be identical in abundance in both BALF and throat samples. On the first day, 85.16% of microorganisms originated from the throat, 5.79% from the intestines, and 9.05% were unknown. On the third day, 83.52% of microorganisms came from the throat, 4.67% from the intestines, and 11.81% were unknown. Additionally, when regrouping the 46 patients, the results revealed a significant predominance of throat microorganisms in BALF on both the first and third day. Furthermore, as the disease progressed, the proportion of intestinal flora in BALF increased in patients with enterogenic ARDS.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with septic ARDS, the main source of lung microbiota is primarily from the throat. Furthermore, the dynamic trend of the microbiota on the first and third day is essentially consistent.It is important to note that the origin of the intestinal flora does not exclude the possibility of its origin from the throat.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Aged; Sepsis; Bacteria; Pulmonary Alveoli; Adult; Intensive Care Units; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38736041
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350775 -
Respiratory Research May 2024Extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released from damaged cells and increases in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of idiopathic pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
Extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released from damaged cells and increases in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. While increased levels of serum mtDNA have been reported to be linked to disease progression and the future development of acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF (AE-IPF), the clinical significance of mtDNA in BALF (BALF-mtDNA) remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between BALF-mtDNA levels and other clinical variables and prognosis in IPF.
METHODS
Extracellular mtDNA levels in BALF samples collected from IPF patients were determined using droplet-digital PCR. Levels of extracellular nucleolar DNA in BALF (BALF-nucDNA) were also determined as a marker for simple cell collapse. Patient characteristics and survival information were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS
mtDNA levels in serum and BALF did not correlate with each other. In 27 patients with paired BALF samples obtained in a stable state and at the time of AE diagnosis, BALF-mtDNA levels were significantly increased at the time of AE. Elevated BALF-mtDNA levels were associated with inflammation or disordered pulmonary function in a stable state (n = 90), while being associated with age and BALF-neutrophils at the time of AE (n = 38). BALF-mtDNA ≥ 4234.3 copies/µL in a stable state (median survival time (MST): 42.4 vs. 79.6 months, p < 0.001) and ≥ 11,194.3 copies/µL at the time of AE (MST: 2.6 vs. 20.0 months, p = 0.03) were associated with shorter survival after BALF collection, even after adjusting for other known prognostic factors. On the other hand, BALF-nucDNA showed different trends in correlation with other clinical variables and did not show any significant association with survival time.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated BALF-mtDNA was associated with a poor prognosis in both IPF and AE-IPF. Of note, at the time of AE, it sharply distinguished survivors from non-survivors. Given the trends shown by analyses for BALF-nucDNA, the elevation of BALF-mtDNA might not simply reflect the impact of cell collapse. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms and clinical applications of BALF-mtDNA in IPF.
Topics: Humans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Male; Female; DNA, Mitochondrial; Aged; Prognosis; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38730452
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02828-9 -
Critical Care (London, England) May 2024
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Trachea; Male
PubMed: 38724971
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04931-1 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jul 2024Accurate detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes in immunocompromised individuals. Current assays were developed... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Accurate detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes in immunocompromised individuals. Current assays were developed for use with plasma specimens, but CMV may be present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We evaluated the performance of the Abbott Alinity m CMV assay compared to the Abbott RealTime CMV assay for quantification of CMV in plasma, BAL, and CSF specimens. To evaluate clinical performance, 190 plasma, 78 BAL, and 20 CSF specimens were tested with the Alinity m assay and compared to the RealTime assay. The Alinity m CMV assay showed high precision (SD <0.01 to 0.13) for all 3 specimen types. Clincal plasma and BAL specimens with quantifiable CMV DNA demonstrated strong correlation to RealTime CMV assay results (r = 0.9779 for plasma, r = 0.9373 for BAL). The Alinity m CMV assay may be useful for quantification of CMV in plasma, BAL, and CSF specimens.
Topics: Humans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Cytomegalovirus; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sensitivity and Specificity; Viral Load; Plasma; DNA, Viral
PubMed: 38723453
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116301 -
Journal of Neuroinflammation May 2024Pneumonia is a common comorbidity in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we...
Pneumonia is a common comorbidity in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we established a model of intratracheal Klebsiella pneumoniae administration in young adult male and female mice, at 4 days following an experimental TBI, to investigate how K. pneumoniae infection influences acute post-TBI outcomes. A dose-response curve determined the optimal dose of K. pneumoniae for inoculation (1 x 10^6 colony forming units), and administration at 4 days post-TBI resulted in transient body weight loss and sickness behaviors (hypoactivity and acute dyspnea). K. pneumoniae infection led to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 h post-infection, in both TBI and sham (uninjured) mice. By 7 days, when myeloperoxidase + neutrophil numbers had returned to baseline in all groups, lung histopathology was observed with an increase in airspace size in TBI + K. pneumoniae mice compared to TBI + vehicle mice. In the brain, increased neuroinflammatory gene expression was observed acutely in response to TBI, with an exacerbated increase in Ccl2 and Hmox1 in TBI + K. pneumoniae mice compared to either TBI or K. pneumoniae alone. However, the presence of neuroinflammatory immune cells in the injured brain, and the extent of damage to cortical and hippocampal brain tissue, was comparable between K. pneumoniae and vehicle-treated mice by 7 days. Examination of the fecal microbiome across a time course did not reveal any pronounced effects of either injury or K. pneumoniae on bacterial diversity or abundance. Together, these findings demonstrate that K. pneumoniae lung infection after TBI induces an acute and transient inflammatory response, primarily localized to the lungs with some systemic effects. However, this infection had minimal impact on secondary injury processes in the brain following TBI. Future studies are needed to evaluate the potential longer-term consequences of this dual-hit insult.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Mice; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Klebsiella Infections; Female; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Cytokines; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
PubMed: 38720343
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03093-9 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Jun 2024Several lateral flow assays (LFA) capable of detecting Aspergillus fumigatus in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) within the hour, thereby potentially... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Several lateral flow assays (LFA) capable of detecting Aspergillus fumigatus in serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) within the hour, thereby potentially accelerating the screening process, are now commercially available. We prospectively compared three LFA targeting A. fumigatus on BALF collected from non-surgical intensive care patients between June 2022 and February 2023. The three LFA tested were Sõna Aspergillus galactomannan LFA (Immy), Fungadia Aspergillus antigen (Gadia), and AspLFD (OLM Diagnostics). We compared the results of these LFA with those of the galactomannan (GM) Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay (Bio-Rad), culture on Sabouraud medium and Aspergillus qPCR. We tested 97 BALF samples from 92 patients. In total 84 BALF samples tested negative with all three LFA, and four BALF samples tested positive with the AspLFD assay only (OLM). Only one BALF sample tested positive with the three LFA. In addition, three BALF samples tested positive only with the GM Platelia immunoassay. Four diagnosis of probable invasive aspergillosis were retained for the 92 patients tested. This prospective series included very few positive samples. From a practical point of view, the LFA from OLM presented the simplest protocol for use.
Topics: Humans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Prospective Studies; Galactose; Antigens, Fungal; Mannans; Male; Female; Aspergillus fumigatus; Middle Aged; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Aged; Adult; Mass Screening; Sensitivity and Specificity; Immunoassay; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38718721
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101481